American Politics Chapter 6

Front 1

NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc

Back 1

Focuses on discrimination in employment and housing, and abuses in the judicial system.

Front 2

Injuctions

Back 2

A court order preventing someone from violating someone else's rights.

Front 3

Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

Back 3

These acts promised heavy fines and imprisonment for those guilty of writing or speaking anything false, scandalous, or malicous against any government official.

Front 4

USA Patriot Act of 2011:

Back 4

jol

Front 5

Civil Rights:

Back 5

Legal protections against discrimination because of race, religion, ethnicity, or gender.

Front 6

Fourteenth Amendment:

Back 6

Amendment that has been used to extend the protections in the bill of rights to actions by state and local governments and by private individual and groups.

Front 7

Equal Protection

Back 7

A clause in the fourteenth amendment used to prevent state officials and others from engaging racial or sex discrimination.

Front 8

Preferred Freedoms

Back 8

The liberties necessary for a democracy to function

Front 9

Complete Incorporations:

Back 9

A judicial position that the entire Bill of Rights was extended beyond the federal government by the Fourteenth Amendment, and thus applies to the individual states.

Front 10

Zone of Privacy:

Back 10

Shields individuals from government monitoring of their phones and computers, homes and bedrooms.

Front 11

Grutter v Bollinger:

Back 11

Affirmative action case; A student argued that because the University of Michigan admitted less qualified students she was denied a place. The school was trying to increase educational diversity; using race violated white students constitutional right to equal treatment. In June 2003 the law schools affirmative action case was supported as a way of promoting diversity in their student body.

Front 12

Presumptive Legislation Rationality

Back 12

The laws dealing with economic issues are routinely approved by the judiciary under this.

Front 13

Plessy V. Ferguson:

Back 13

Upheld Louisianas right to require racial segregation in railway cars.

Front 14

Civil Libertarians

Back 14

Activist judges who issue decisions in class action suits in which lawyers bring a case to court not only for their individual clients but also on the behalf of everyone in a similar situation

Front 15

Private Attorneys General:

Back 15

Organizations created to support the rights of individuals and groups; funded by foundations, wealthy donors, and members' dues. Example: American Civil Liberties Union

Front 16

Miranda V. Arizona:

Back 16

The supreme court held that once an investigation by police focused on an accussed person that person has to receive the following warning: You have the right to remain silent, anything you say may be used against you in a court of law, you have the right to be represented by an attorney of your choice.

Front 17

Gag Rule

Back 17

preventing antislavery petitions from being receive by Congress.
what about age?

Front 18

Civil Liberties:

Back 18

Legal protections against discrimination because of race, religion, ethnicity, or gender

Front 19

Due Process:

Back 19

A phrase in the fourteenth amendment used to incorporate freedoms of the bill of rights to cover states actions, including the rights to procedural fairness and impartiality.

Front 20

Partial Incorporations:

Back 20

Judicial position that believes only major rights such as the first amendment freedoms, should be included in the Fourteenth Amendment and applied to the states.

Front 21

First Amendment freedoms

Back 21

Freedoms of religion, speech, press and assembly.

Front 22

Affirmative Action

Back 22

An effort to remove the effects of discrimination by requiring and expanding minority job, admission, and promotion opportunities.

Front 23

Suspect Classification

Back 23

A judicial doctrine that laws involving race, religion, or ethnicity wil be subject to close scrutiny by the courts because they are presumed invalid.

Front 24

Close Scrutiny

Back 24

Looking at something very carefully

Front 25

Brown v Board of Education:

Back 25

The supreme court held that schools segregated by race were unequal and violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

Front 26

Univeristy of California Regents v Bakke

Back 26

The Supreme Court upheld the principle of affirmative action, holding that it was a "State interest" to provide for diversity among medical students.

Front 27

Oncale v Sundowner:

Back 27

The supreme court declared that the law included sexual harassment even if both parties were men or the same sex.

Front 28

American Civil Liberties Union

Back 28

An organization that defends against hysteria of "red scares" and has fought against wiretapping, surveillance, and "Dirty tricks" by law enforcement agencies