American Pageant Chapters 29 And 30

Front 1

Henry Demarest Lloyd...

Back 1

assailed the Standard Oil Company in 1894 with his book Wealth Against Commonwealth.

Front 2

Jacob A. Riis...

Back 2

...shocked middle-class Americans in 1890 with How the Other Half Lives which described the dark and dirty slums of New York.

Front 3

Lincoln Steffens...

Back 3

in 1902 launched a series of articles in McClure's titled "The Shame of the Cities" which unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.

Front 4

Ida M. Tarbell...

Back 4

published a devastating but factual depiction of the Standard Oil Company.

Front 5

David G. Phillips...

Back 5

published a series, "The Treason of the Senate" in Cosmopolitan that charged that 75 of the 90 senators did not represent the people but they rather represented railroads and trusts.

Front 6

Ray Stannard...

Back 6

wrote Following the Color Line (1908), exposing the suppression of America's blacks.

Front 7

John Spargo...

Back 7

wrote of the abuses of child labor in The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906).

Front 8

Describe the progressive movement's constituents and goals.

Back 8

Progressive reformers were mainly middle-class men and women.

The progressives sought 2 goals: to use state power to control the trusts; and to stem the socialist threat by generally improving the common person's conditions of life and labor. Progressives wanted to regain the power that had slipped from the hands of the people into those of the "interests."

Front 9

What was "initiative"?

Back 9

Voters could directly propose legislation themselves, thus bypassing the boss-sought state legislatures.

Front 10

What was "referendum"?

Back 10

Referendum would place laws on ballots for final approval by the people.

Front 11

What was "recall"?

Back 11

Recall would enable the voters to remove faithless corrupt officials.

Front 12

What did the 17th Amendment entail?

Back 12

It established the direct election of U.S. senators.

Front 13

Robert M. La Follette...

Back 13

was the governor of Wisconsin and significant figure of the progressive era, taking considerable control from the corrupt corporations and returning it to the people.

Front 14

Hiram W. Johnson...

Back 14

Governor of California, ______________ helped to break the dominant grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics in 1910.

Front 15

Settlement houses...

Back 15

exposed middle-class women to poverty, political corruption, and intolerable working and living conditions.

Front 16

Florence Kelley...

Back 16

took control of the National Consumers League in 1899 and mobilized female consumers to pressure for laws safeguarding women and children in the workplace.

Front 17

"Square Deal"

Back 17

Roosevelt's plan, consisted of 3 parts: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources.

Front 18

George F. Baer

Back 18

In 1902, coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike and demanded a 20% raise in pay and a workday decrease from 10 hours to 9 hours. When mine spokesman, ______ refused to negotiate, President Roosevelt stepped in a threatened to operate the mines with federal troops. A deal was struck in which the miners received a 10% pay raise and an hour workday reduction.

Front 19

Department of Commerce

Back 19

Congress, aware of the increasing hostilities between capital and labor, created the _______________ in 1903.

Front 20

Elkins Act

Back 20

In 1903, Congress passed the ________, which allowed for heavy fines to be placed on railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that accepted them. (Railroad companies would offer rebates as incentives for companies to use their rail lines.)

Front 21

Congress passed the _________ of 1906, restricting free passes and expanding the Interstate Commerce Commission to extend to include express companies, sleeping-car companies, and pipelines.

Back 21

Hepburn Act

Front 22

Rewards offered to companies allowing an allotted number of free shipments; given to companies to encourage future business.

Back 22

Free passes

Front 23

In 1902, President Roosevelt challenged the ________________, a railroad trust company that sought to achieve a monopoly of the railroads in the Northwest. The Supreme Court upheld the President and the trust was forced to be dissolved.

Back 23

Northern Securities Company

Front 24

After botulism was found in American meats, foreign governments threatened to ban all American meat imports. Backed by the public, President Roosevelt passed the ______________ of 1906. The act stated that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection.

Back 24

Meat Inspection Act

Front 25

The ______________ of 1906 was designed to prevent the and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals.

Back 25

Pure Food and Drug Act

Front 26

The first step towards conservation came with the ______________ of 1887, under which the federal government sold dry land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser would irrigate the soil within 3 years.

Back 26

Desert Land Act

Front 27

the ______________of 1891 authorized the president to set aside public forests as national parks and other reserves.

Back 27

Forest Reserve Act

Front 28

The ______________distributed federal land to the states on the condition that it be irrigated and settled.

Back 28

Carey Act of 1894

Front 29

______________ authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in western states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation projects.

Back 29

Newlands Act of 1902

Front 30

______________ was elected as president in 1904.

Back 30

Theodore Roosevelt

Front 31

The ______________ in 1908 which authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral.

Back 31

Aldrich-Vreeland Act

Front 32

For the election of 1908, the Republican Party chose ______________, secretary of war to Theodore Roosevelt. The Democratic Party chose ______________.

Back 32

William Howard Taft, William Jennings Bryan

Front 33

______________ won the election of 1908.

Back 33

William Howard Taft

Front 34

In 1911, the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of ______________, stating that it violated the ______________.

Back 34

the Standard Oil Company, Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

Front 35

In 1911, the Courts handed down its ______________; a doctrine that stated that only those trusts that unreasonably restrained trade were illegal.

Back 35

"rule of reason"

Front 36

The ______________ placed a high tariff on many imports.

Back 36

Payne-Aldrich Bill

Front 37

When Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development, he was criticized by chief of the Agriculture Department's Division of Forestry, Gifford Pinchot. When Taft dismissed Pinchot, much protest arose from conservationists.

Back 37

The Ballinger-Pinchot quarrel

Front 38

In 1911, the National Progressive Republican League was formed with ______________as its leading candidate for the Republican presidential nomination.

Back 38

La Follette

Front 39

______________ favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets.

Back 39

Wilson's New Freedom

Front 40

______________: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.

Back 40

"the triple wall of privilege"

Front 41

Wilson called a special meeting of Congress in 1913 to address the tariff. He convinced Congress to pass the ______________, which significantly reduced the tariff rates.

Back 41

Underwood Tariff Bill

Front 42

Under authority from the 16th Amendment, Congress also enacted a ______________.

Back 42

graduated income tax

Front 43

In 1913, President Wilson signed the ______________.

Back 43

Federal Reserve Act

Front 44

______________authorized a presidentially-appointed commission to oversee industries engaged in interstate commerce, such as the meatpackers.

Back 44

The Federal Trade Commission Act

Front 45

______________ lengthened the Sherman Act's list of business practices that were deemed objectionable.

Back 45

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914

Front 46

The ______________made loans available to farmers at low rates of interest.

Back 46

Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916

Front 47

______________authorized loans on the security of staple crops.

Back 47

The Warehouse Act of 1916

Front 48

______________ benefited sailors by requiring decent treatment and a living wage on American ships.

Back 48

The La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915

Front 49

______________ gave assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.

Back 49

The Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916

Front 50

In 1916, the president approved an act restricting ______________ on products flowing into interstate commerce.

Back 50

child labor

Front 51

The ______________ established an 8-hour work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce.

Back 51

Adamson Act of 1916

Front 52

Wilson nominated for the Supreme Court reformer ______________, the first Jew to be a Supreme Court justice.

Back 52

Louis D. Brandeis

Front 53

Congress in 1914 repealed the ______________, which had exempted American coastal shipping from tolls

Back 53

Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912

Front 54

______________ granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a stable government could be established.

Back 54

The Jones Act in 1916

Front 55

When political turmoil broke out in _______ in 1915, Wilson dispatched marines to protect American lives and property.

Back 55

Haiti

Front 56

In 1917, Wilson purchased the ______________ from Denmark.

Back 56

Virgin Islands

Front 57

In 1913, the Mexican revolution took an ugly turn when the president was murdered and replaced by ______________.

Back 57

General Victoriano Huerta

Front 58

Just as war seemed imminent with ______________intervened and pressured Huerta to step down.

Back 58

Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile

Front 59

______________ became the president of Mexico

Back 59

Venustiano Carranza

Front 60

______________, rival to President Carranza, attempted to provoke a war between Mexico and the U.S by killing Americans.

Back 60

Francisco Villa

Front 61

______________ broke up Villa's band of outlaws.

Back 61

General John J. Perishing

Front 62

The ______________ consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.

Back 62

Central Powers

Front 63

The ______consisted of France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy.

Back 63

Allies

Front 64

______________, the leader of Germany, seemed the embodiment of arrogant autocracy.

Back 64

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Front 65

In 1915, several months after Germany started to use submarines in the war, one of Germany's submarines sunk the British liner ______________, killing 128 Americans.

Back 65

Lusitania

Front 66

When Germany sunk another British liner, the ______, in 1915, Berlin agreed to not sink unarmed passenger ships without warning. Germany continued to sink innocent ships as apparent when one of its submarines sank a French passenger steamer, the ______________.

Back 66

Arabic, Sussex

Front 67

______________: the United States would have to persuade the Allies to modify what Berlin regarded as their illegal blockade.

Back 67

Sussex pledge

Front 68

The Republicans nominated Supreme Court justice ______________ for 1916.

Back 68

Charles Evans Hughes

Front 69

______________ won the election of 1916.

Back 69

Woodrow Wilson