American Imperialism

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yellow journalism

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the sensationalism of events so as to sell more newspapers

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Joseph Pulitzer

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editor of the New York World, creator of yellow journalism along with William Randolph Hearst

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William Randolph Hearst

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editor of the New York Journal, creator of yellow journalism along with Joseph Pulitzer

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Alfred Mahan

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author of "The Influence of Sea Power upon History" who believed that control of the sea was key to world dominance, and helped stimulate the naval race among great powers

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Josiah Strong

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author of "Our Country" who urged the U.S. to spread religion and democratic values to "backward" people

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Samoan crisis of 1889

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U.S. and German navies nearly fought in 1889 over control of Samoa; resolved in treaty in 1900, in which U.S. gained 76 sq mi, including port Pago Pago

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Hawaiian Revolution of 1893

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Small group of white planters led by Sanford B. Dole overthrew queen in 1893

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Cuban revolt of 1895

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Spanish in Cuba rioted to protest Spain's talk of allowing the Cubans self-government

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General Weyler

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Spain's ruthless leader in Cuba, called "Butcher Weyler" by U.S.

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The Maine

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U.S. battleship in Cuba that exploded Feb. 15, 1898; the immediate cause of the Spanish American War

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Battle of Manila Bay

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Commodore George Dewey's 6 warships sailed into Manila Harbor and destroyed all 10 of Spain's warships; 400 Spaniards killed, as opposed to 1 American killed

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Rough Riders

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Teddy Roosevelt's part of the army that charged up the San Juan hill after it had been largely won

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Treaty of Paris of 1899

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Cuba was freed from Spain, U.S. received Guam and Puerto Rico, which was the last Spanish vestige in America

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Anti-Imperialist League

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formed to oppose McKinley's expansionism; included Mark Twain, Samuel Gompers, and Andrew Carnegie

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Teller Amendment

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Declared the people of Cuba free, required the U.S. to see that Spain is removed from the island, and did not allow the U.S. to annex Cuba

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Platt Amendment

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sought to ensure Cuba would not be vulnerable to European powers and to maintain U.S. influence in Cuban affairs

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William Taft

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led Philippine Commission; referred to Filipinos as "little brown brothers"

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John Hay

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issued Open Door Note

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Open Door Note

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urged that all great powers announce in their spheres of influence they would respect certain Chinese rights and ideals of fair competition

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Boxer Rebellion

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Chinese nationalists ("boxers"), enraged over Open Door Note, kill over 200 missionaries and other whites

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Big Stick Policy

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Teddy Roosevelt's assertion of U.S. domination in the Western Hemisphere

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Roosevelt Corollary

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allowed U.S. to intervene in Latin American affairs so as to keep European powers out of Western Hemisphere; "policeman of western hemisphere"

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Russo-Japanese War

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Russia and Japan went to war over ports in Manchuria and Korea

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Portsmouth Conference

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Japan demanded huge indemnity and Sakhalin Islands, Russia refused defeat; Japan received southern half of Sakhalin Islands and no indemnity

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San Francisco School Board Incident

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thousands of Japanese arrived in California due to Russo-Japanese War; San Francisco School Board ruled Asian children should attend a special school

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Gentleman's Agreement

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Teddy Roosevelt invited entire SF school board to White House; coerced them to repeal order

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Dollar Diplomacy

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U.S. foreign policy would protect Wall Street investments abroad, while U.S. bankers would strengthen U.S. defenses and foreign policies while bringing prosperity

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Great White Fleet

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tour around the world that ensured the Japanese would not perceive the U.S. as weak

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James G. Blaine

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Secretary of State under Garfield and Harrison

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Pan-American Conference

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Blaine sought Latin American support of U.S. leadership and open markets to U.S.; Latin Americans rejected U.S. proposals

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Theodore Roosevelt

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Led a group of volunteers including cowboys, miners, policemen, and college athletes, called the Rough Riders, up San Juan Hill in an attempt to drive the Spanish out of Cuba.

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George Dewey

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Admiral of the United States Navy. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War

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Matthew Perry

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Commodore of the U.S. Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, most notably in the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812

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Dupuy de Lome

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Spanish Ambassador to the United States, sent a letter to the Foreign Minister of Spain, revealing his opinion about the Spanish involvement in Cuba & President McKinley’s diplomacy. Cuban revolutionaries intercepted the letter,released it to the Hearst press, which published it. De Lôme’s unflattering remarks about McKinley helped fuel this country’s aggressive, warlike foreign policy.

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Jose Marti

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A Cuban revolutionary and poet. Although he was not a soldier, he was a leading advocate for Cuban independence from Spain