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81 Cards in this Set
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Secretary of Commerce for both Harding and Coolidge, elected President in 1928. Served when the Great Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash
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Herbert Hoover
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US General who used the Army to force the Bonus Army to move from Washington, DC
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Douglas MacArthur
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Visited the Second Bonus March on Washington and remarked on their politeness, soothing fears of the new "radical" Roosevelt administration
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Depression photographer whose photos of despair and poverty inspired "The Grapes of Wrath"
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Dorothea Lange
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Director of the New Deal's Federal Emergency Relief Administration which provided funds to relief agencies ($5 million in 2 hours)
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Harry Hopkins
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Developed the Empire State Building, wrote article "Everybody Ought to be Rich" promoting savings
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John J Raskob
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Democratic Presidential candidate in 1932, pledged "New Deal" for America
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Franklin D Roosevelt
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FDR's Secretary of the Interior
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Harold Ickes
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Wrote "The Man Nobody Knows," a portrayl of the life of Jesus in business terms
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Bruce Barton
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FDR's Secretary of Labor, first woman in executive cabinet
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Frances Perkins
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Appointed Director of Division of Negro Affairs, she helped to increase African-American support of the New Deal
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Mary McLeod Bethune
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FDR's Republican opponent in 1936 (his second term); presidential loser
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Alfred Landon
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The monetary value of American stocks in October 1929, before the Great Crash
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$87 billion
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Passed in 1933, repealed Prohibition
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21st Amendment
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Years considered to be during the Great Depression
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1929 - 1941
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1930 import tax passed to protect American industry; highest in peacetime history
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff
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The term FDR used for radio brodcasts in which he spoke to inform and reassure Americans
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Fireside Chats
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Name given to FDR's first few months as President, during which he pushed an aggressive program of relief and recovery
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The Hundred Days
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Practice of buying stocks for a fraction of their value and borrowing the rest; one cause of the Great Crash
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Buying "on margin"
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New Deal agency established to insure bank deposits up to $5000
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(FDIC) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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Congressional legislation designed to increase prices on farm products
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McNary-Haugen Bill
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City in Alabama in which 9 black youths were arrested for raping 2 white women on a train; their conviction caused complaints of discrimination from many groups
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Scottsboro
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Hoover's 1932 Agency that loaned money to banks, which would then loan to people; later loaned to states for unemployment relief
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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1930's political party with 14000 members (labor organizers and intellectuals), called for radical action for fairer distribution of wealth
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Communists
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Causes of the Depression (5 listed)
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- Inflated stock values caused overspeculation
- Falling prices for farm goods kept farmers from paying off debt - Increased American consumer debt - Overproduction of industrial and agricultural products - Lack of concern for economy by Republican presidents |
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Worst day of the Great Crash (although not the first nor last)
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"Black Tuesday" October 29, 1929
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Drought-induced phenomenon over the Great Plains, especially Kansas; characterized by clouds of dirt blown around
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The Dust Bowl
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Focus of FDR's Second New Deal (1935 - 1938)
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(Relief) Direct relief for ordinary Americans with social welfare benefits and for farmers
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Focus of FDR's First New Deal (1933 - 1935)
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(Reform, Recovery) Restoring the economy to pre-Depression levels, regulation of Wall Street, bank deposit insurance, labor unions; deficit spending paid for all of this
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FDR's proposed but rejected bill to add a Supreme Court Justice for each existing Justice over 70 (1937)
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The Court-Packing Bill
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Hoover's Plan to buy and store agricultural surplus; fails due to lack of federal funds
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Federal Farm Board aka Agricultural Market Act
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Foreign Policy that ended trade with Japan after Japan attacked Manchuria in China (1931)
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Hoover-Stimson Doctrine
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Hoover's Secretary of the Treasury, promoted Republican Lasseiz-Faire, saying not to worry about national debt
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Andrew Mellon
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Event in which 20000 WWI veterants march to Washington, DC because they're not getting pension
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The Bonus Army March (Bonus Expeditionary Force)
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Depression unemployment rates (average and worst)
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Average: 25% unemployed
Worst: 33% unemployed |
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Republican President who died in San Francisco before the end of his first term, succeeded by his VP, Coolidge (1923)
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Warren G. Harding
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Series of Socialist crackdowns named after Wilson's Attorney General, whose men had thousands of foreigners (mostly Russians) brutally deported, arrested, or lynched (1918 - 1921)
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Palmer Raids
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In 1921, restricted the immigration from any given country to 3% of its 1910 population
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Emergency Quota Act
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Coolidges's Vice President
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Charles Dawes
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FDR's first Vice President
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John Garner
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Gangster who made a fortune bootlegging during Prohibition
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Alphonse Capone aka Scarface
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Vastly improved industry, making all products identical
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Mass Production (specifically the assembly line)
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New Deal policy that sent funds to agencies to relieve poverty; basically welfare, run by Harry Hopkins of "Brain Trust"
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration
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New Deal policy that recruited single men 18-25 to work in countryside, building reservoirs, watersheds, dams, parks, forests; only paid $1 a day, but gave free food and board
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Civilian Conservation Corps
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New Deal Policy meant to restore employment by imposing minimum wage and workday limits, but declared unconstitutional
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(NRA) National Industrial Recovery Act
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New Deal organization that built bridges, dams, and low-cost housing, providing jobs
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Public Works Administration
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New Deal organization that made low-interest loans to homeowners to pay off mortgages and home improvement
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(HOLC) Homeowners' Loan Corporation
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New Deal policy that paid farmers to take acreage out of production, declared unconstitutional; lead to FDR's Court packing
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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New Deal organization that provided electricity to rural America and subsidized power bills
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Rural Electrification Administration
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New Deal event; flooded TN River to build dams for hydroelectricity, bought lots of private land under the name of the 5th Amendment
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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New Deal policy meant to regulate Stock Market; prevents buying on margin, falsified information, insider trading
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Securities and Exchange Commission
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New Deal policy that built schools, airports, roads; supported culture and the arts
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Works Progress Administration
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Replaced National Industrial Recovery Act, supporting labor unions and collective bargaining
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Wagner Act
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New Deal policy that taxed paychecks to save for unemployment
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Social Security Act aka Federal Insurance Contribution Act
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New Deal policy that created parity, which guaranteed farmers at least the average price of a crop over the past 10 years
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration
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New Deal policy meant to ban racial discrimination, although due to rampant racism was only able to ban it in government contracts
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Fair Employment Practices Commission
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Strongest opposers of the New Deal; thought it was Communist and limited individual freedom
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American Liberty League
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Radicals who thought the New Deal should go further
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Progressives, Socialists
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The "Radio Priest" who at first supported the New Deal, but later denounced government control of anything
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Charles E Coughlin
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Supported FDR but not the New Deal; used his popularity to push for his "Share the Wealth" policy
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Huey Long
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An economic collapse late in the Depression that was caused by the new Social Security Tax
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Recession of 1937
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President of United Mine Workers, created Committee for Industrial Organization to help American Federation of Labor draw together unskilled workers; promoted sit-down strikes and fought for better workplace conditions
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John L Lewis
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The "Three R's" of FDR's New Deal
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Relief, Recovery, Reform
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Name for FDR's personal advisors for the New Deal, most from Columbia University
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The "Brain Trust"
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Four things that distinguished Communism in the USSR
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The government:
- owned all property - was ruled by one party - vowed to spread Communism - respected no individual rights |
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Supreme Court case in which the defendant was convicted of espionage after sending letters discouraging draftees from reporting (1919)
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Schenck v USA
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Two Italian immigrants that were arrested on counts of murder and eventually executed without a fair trial; raised lots of protest
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Police strike of 1919 that led to huge riots all through this city, ended by National Guard
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Boston Police Strike of 1919
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Presidents from the 1920's through the Depression
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Warren G Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Fraklin Delano Roosevelt
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Scandalous 1920's President who opposed immigration and competition with American industry
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Warren G Harding
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Scandal in which Albert B Fall illegally sold oil drilling rights to private companies
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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New payment method of the 1920's that involved paying in small increments over a long time, resulted in consumer debt
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Installment Plan
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Known for first mass-producing the automobile, making it affordable and commonplace
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Henry Ford
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Girls with a short dress, tight clothes, slim figure, and boyish attitude (1920's fad)
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Flappers
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First Congresswoman
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Jeannette Rankin
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First female Governor (2 simultaneous)
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Miriam Ferguson, Nellie T. Rose
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General movement of African-Americans northward due to Jim Crow laws and lack of opportunity in the south (1920's)
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The Great Migration
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Popular new music genre in the 1920's, including George Gershwin, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and the Jelly Roll Morton Band
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Jazz
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1920's literary movement focusing on black struggles, including Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and James Weldon Johnson
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The Harlem Renaissance
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Revivalist fundamentalist preacher with 100 million followers
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Billy Sunday
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Trial in which two brilliant lawyers, Darrow and Bryan, defended evolution and creationism, respectively
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The Scopes Trial
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