American Government Test 2 Study

Front 1

Unitary System

Back 1

the central government has ultimate authority and power.

Front 2

Unitary System

Back 2

the local governments are created by the central or national government and only exercise those powers given to them by the central authority.

Front 3

Confederation

Back 3

Power is centered in the member states and the central government has limited powers.

Front 4

Confederation

Back 4

A league of independent states

Front 5

Concurrent Powers

Back 5

Powers which belong to both the national government and the states.

Front 6

Examples of Concurrent powers

Back 6

Setting up courts; creating and collecting taxes; building highways; borrowing money; making and enforcing laws; chartering banks and corperations; spending money for the betterment of the general welfare; taking private property with just compensation

Front 7

Delegated Powers

Back 7

powers which belong to the national government which are written down in the constitution.

Front 8

Article 1 Section 8

Back 8

longest list of delagated powers.

Front 9

Bill of attainder

Back 9

a legislative act which metes out punishment without the benefit of a trial

Front 10

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Back 10

a court order demanding that the state charge a person who is being detained or to release them for being illegally imprisoned.

Front 11

Habeas Corpus

Back 11

"You have the body"

Front 12

Ex Post Facto Law

Back 12

A retroactive criminal law, this punishes an individual for an act that was not a crme when the act was committed.

Front 13

Full Faith and Credit

Back 13

requires that deeds, legal documents and civil court decisions made in one state are legitimate in other states.

Front 14

Privileges and Immunities

Back 14

Privileges and Immunities mean that a citizen of one state is not to be treated as an alien while in another state.

Front 15

Article IV, sec 1

Back 15

Full Faith and Credit

Front 16

Article IV sec 2

Back 16

Privileges and Immunities

Front 17

Article 1 sec 10

Back 17

Interstate Compacts

Front 18

Interstate Compact

Back 18

an agreement between two or more states on some manner of common concern to the states.

Front 19

Vertical Federalism

Back 19

an arrangement which requires governmental action is dependent on both the Federal and State Levels for participation

Front 20

Examples of Vertical Federalism

Back 20

The Structure of Congress; The Electoral College; Amending the Constitution; Admission of New States

Front 21

Establishment Clause

Back 21

prohibits the government from establishing a religion. found in the 1st Amendment

Front 22

Lemon V Kurtzman

Back 22

This case established a three-part test to determine if aid to religious school violates the establishment clause. Also applies when the state attempts to impose religion law.

Front 23

Engel v Vitale

Back 23

The Supreme Court ruled that there will be no organized school parayer. School sponsered prayer was an unconstitional establishment of religion.

Front 24

Wallace v. Jaffree

Back 24

The Supreme Court struck down as unconstituional an Alabama law authorizing one minute of silence for prayer or meditation in public schools.

Front 25

Lee v. Weisman

Back 25

The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitional for a school to invite a rabbi to deliver a nonsectarian prayer at graduation.

Front 26

Edwards v. Aguillard (year)

Back 26

1987

Front 27

Edwards v. Aguillard

Back 27

Court held that the state of Louisiana could not mandate students be taught both evolution and creationism, because it would violate the Establishment Clause.

Front 28

Rosenberger v. University of Virginia

Back 28

Court held that student activity fees could be used to fund a Christian's group newsletter. Free speech case

Front 29

Free Exercise Clause

Back 29

Freedom to exercise religion

Front 30

Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith

Back 30

The Court held that Native Americans could not use illegal drug in their religious ceremonies, even if the drug (peyote) was considered a sacrament in some Native American religous services.

Front 31

Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah

Back 31

the court held the right of a religious group to hold animal sacrifce is constituional

Front 32

Miller v. California

Back 32

The Court established a three part test to determine the permissible boundaries of pornography. (1971)

Front 33

New York Times v. Sullivan

Back 33

The Court held that public officials and public figures have a higher standard to meet when they bring charges of libel against a publication

Front 34

Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association

Back 34

The Supreme Court held that a California law which restricted the sale of violent video games to minors was unconstitutional. (2010)

Front 35

Griswold v. Conecticut

Back 35

the Court established the right to privacy.

Front 36

Roe v. Wade

Back 36

the Supreme Court ruled that state laws against abortion violated the right to privacy

Front 37

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Back 37

Court upheld a Pennsylvania law that required pre-abortion counseling, a waiting period of 24 hours and for girls under 18 parental or judicial consent or permission.

Front 38

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Back 38

The Court rejected the state legislation which required married women to have the consent of their spouse before obtaining abortion

Front 39

Gonzales v. Carhart

Back 39

The Supreme Court ruled to uphold the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act passed by Congress in 2004.

Front 40

Washington v. Glucksberg

Back 40

1997; the court upheld that the liberty interest protected by the Constitution does not include the right to commit suicide,with or without assistance.

Front 41

Weeks v. United States

Back 41

the Supreme Court first established the exclusionary rule (1914)

Front 42

Mapp v. Ohio

Back 42

Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states

Front 43

Exclusionary rule

Back 43

The court ruled that illegally obtained evidence may not be used in Court against the defendant.

Front 44

Gideon v. Wainwright

Back 44

Indigents have a right to counsel in all criminal cases.

Front 45

Miranda v. Arizona

Back 45

Suspects have a right to be informed of their constitutional liberties to remain silent and to have legal representation.

Front 46

Furman v. Georgia

Back 46

The Court halted the death penalty for four years so that states could write new laws that applied the death penalty in a uniform matter.

Front 47

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Back 47

(1857) The Supreme Court held that blacks were not intended to have citizenship rights.

Front 48

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Back 48

Civil Right law passed after the Civil War. opened up places of public accommodation to all regardless of color.

Front 49

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 49

(1896) Established the "separate but equal doctrine"

Front 50

Tenth Amendment

Back 50

Reserved Powers

Front 51

Article 1 sec 8 Clause 18

Back 51

Necessary and Proper Clause

Front 52

Necessary and Proper Clause

Back 52

allows for the Congress to have powers beyond those delegated in the Constitution

Front 53

Implied Powers

Back 53

powers not specifically written or delgated in the Constition

Front 54

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 54

established the implied powers doctrine of the national government.

Front 55

Barron v. Baltimore

Back 55

(1833) the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights applied to the national government, but not to the states.

Front 56

Gitlow v. New York

Back 56

The court used this case to apply free speech to the states. (began a long process in 1925 to reverse Barron decision)

Front 57

Gonzales v. Oregon

Back 57

the Court reversed decision of Washington v. Glucksberg (2006)

Front 58

Horizontal Federalism

Back 58

Represents arrangements whereby states can relate and have contact with each other and have minimal Federal interference.

Front 59

14th amendment

Back 59

Bill of Rights is to the Federal Government is what the Due process clause of the _____ to the states.

Front 60

Eminent Domain

Back 60

taking private property with just compensation

Front 61

Osborne v. Ohio

Back 61

Child pornography