American Government Chapter 5

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The 5th Amendment

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Provides that "No person shall be... compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." Provides for indictment by a grand jury and protection against self-incrimination, and prevents the national government from denying a person life, liberty, or property without the due process of of law. Also prevents the government from taking due property without just compensation.

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Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

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The Supreme Court ruling that held the 5th amendment requires that individuals arrested for a crime must be advised of their right to remain silent and to have counsel present.

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Double Jeopardy clause

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Part of the 5th Amendment that protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense.

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A judicially created rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence at trial is called______.

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Exclusionary Rule

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What part of the constitution guarantees a number of rights for those accused of crimes?

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Article 1 of the Constitution

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_______ are court orders in which a judge requires authorities to prove that a prisioner is being held lawfully and that allows the prisoner to be freed if the judge is not persuaded by the government's case.

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Writs of habeas corpus

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Ex post facto laws

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laws that apply to actions committed before the laws were passed.

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A legislative act that inflicts punishment on individuals without any kind of judicial action, prohibited by the Constitution is called?

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Bills of Attainment

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Which amendment protects people from unreasonable searches by the federal govenment?

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4th Amendment

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The personal guarantee and freedom that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation is called _____?

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Civil Liberties

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Civil Rights

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The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment. It provides "freedom from" a host of discriminatory actions and place the burden of protecting individuals on the government.

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The first ten amendments to the Constitution, contrast numerous specific guarantees, including those of free speech, press, and religion is called?

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The Bill of Rights

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What amendment is strongly favored by James Madison, and states that "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be considered to deny or disparage others retained by the people?

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The 9th Amendment

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Part of the Bill of Rights that reiterates that powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people?

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The 10th Amendment

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A case where the supreme court ruled that the national Bill of Rights is limited to only the actions of the U.S. government and not those of the states.

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Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

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A clause found in the 14th Amendment that makes various provisions contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states was called?

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Due Process Clause

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A_____________ is a judicial interpretation of the 5th and 14th Amendments' due process clauses that protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust laws.

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Substantive Due Process

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Incorporation Doctrine

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An interpretation of the Constitution that holds that the due process clause of the 14th Amendment requires that state and local governments also guarantee those rights.

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The first clause in the 1st Amendment that prohibits the national government from establishing a national religion is called?

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Establishment Clause

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The second clause of the 1st Amendment that prohibits the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen's right to practice his or her own religion.

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Free Exercise Clause

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The first major libel case considered by the Supreme Court that found the defendant guilty of libel for accusing Alabama officials of physically abusing African-Americans during Civil Rights protests.

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New York Times Co. Vs. Sullivan (1964)

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An amendment that prohibits (cruel and unusual punishments.

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8th Amendment

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Which amendment gives citizens the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial judge?

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The 6th Amendment