American Government And Politics Today Chapter 5 Terms

Front 1

Scott v. Sanford

Back 1

AKA: Dred Scott case. Supreme Court holds that slaves are not citizens and therefore not entitled to the rights of citizens.

Front 2

13th Amendment

Back 2

Abolishes slavery.

Front 3

14th Amendment

Back 3

Guarantees citizenship to all persons born/naturalized in the United States. Prohibits the states from making laws removing rights of citizens.

Front 4

15th Amendment

Back 4

Suffrage for all races (males only).

Front 5

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Back 5

Gives African Americans full equality before the law.

Front 6

Enforcement Act of 1870

Back 6

Criminal sanctions for those interfering with others' right to vote.

Front 7

Civil Rights Act of 1872

Back 7

AKA: Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act. Criminalizes deprivation of individual rights, privileges, and immunities.

Front 8

Second Civil Rights Act (1875)

Back 8

Declares that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public facilities.

Front 9

The Civil Rights Cases

Back 9

Invalidates 1875 Civil Rights Act. Allows private discrimination (as opposed to official discrimination).

Front 10

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 10

Creates the "separate but equal" doctrine.

Front 11

Smith v. Allwright

Back 11

Prohibits white primaries.

Front 12

Grandfather clause

Back 12

Gives only people whose grandfathers could vote the right to vote.

Front 13

24th Amendment

Back 13

Eliminates poll taxes.

Front 14

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Back 14

Supreme Court states that segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

Front 15

Brown v. Board of Education

Back 15

Supreme Court declares that lower courts must desegregate schools.

Front 16

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 16

Outlaws any discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or ethnicity.

Front 17

Voting Rights Acts of 1965

Back 17

Outlaws discriminatory voter-registration tests.

Front 18

Civil Rights Acts of 1968

Back 18

Forbids discrimination in most housing.

Front 19

Declaration of Sentiments

Back 19

Declaration approved at the Seneca Falls convention that began the mainstream women's rights movement.

Front 20

Dothard v. Rawlinson

Back 20

Fire and police departments cannot set arbitrary requirements (such as height and wright req.) that discourage women from joining.

Front 21

Arizona v. Norris

Back 21

Life insurance companies cannot charge different rates for men and women.

Front 22

United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.

Back 22

Prohibits companies from forcing capable women to choose between having a child and having a job in dangerous workplaces.

Front 23

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton

Back 23

Holds employer accountable for employees' harassing behavior.

Front 24

Burlington Industries v. Ellerth

Back 24

Holds employer accountable for employees' harassing behavior.

Front 25

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.

Back 25

Holds employer accountable for employees' harassing behavior.

Front 26

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Back 26

Requires equal pay for substantially equal work.

Front 27

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Back 27

Allows race to be a factor in college admissions but it may not be the sole factor (such as in quota systems).

Front 28

Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Peña

Back 28

A discriminatory law or action must be proven to have compelling government interest and must be changed or dropped when that interest is achieved.

Front 29

Gratz v. Bollinger

Back 29

Strikes down the University of Michigan's affirmative action program, which awards a substantial amount of points to minority applicants.

Front 30

Grutter v. Bollinger

Back 30

Approves the University of Michigan law school's affirmative action program, which takes race into consideration as part of a complete examination.

Front 31

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

Back 31

Prohibits age discrimination unless age is a qualification necessary to the normal operation of the business.

Front 32

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Back 32

Prohibits federally-funded programs from discriminating against persons with disabilities.

Front 33

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Back 33

Requires public buildings and services to be accessible to persons with disabilities.

Front 34

Sutton v. United Airlines, Inc.

Back 34

Correctable conditions are not considered disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Front 35

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale

Back 35

Allows private organizations to discriminate based on sexuality.

Front 36

Lawrence v. Texas

Back 36

Invalidates all sodomy laws.

Front 37

Romer v. Evans

Back 37

Invalidates Colorado amendment that invalidated laws protecting homosexuals.

Front 38

Baehr v. Lewin

Back 38

Hawaiian Supreme Court rules that denying marriage licenses to homosexual couples might violate the equal protection clause of the Hawaiian State Constitution.

Front 39

Defense of Marriage Act of 1996

Back 39

Bans federal recognition of same-sex marriages and does not require states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.

Front 40

In re Gault

Back 40

Children are entitled to counsel in criminal cases.

Front 41

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Back 41

The Bill of Rights applies to children.

Front 42

26th Amendment

Back 42

Voting age is set at 18.

Front 43

Kingsley v. Kingsley

Back 43

A Florida child terminates his relationship with his parents with his own privately retained legal counsel.