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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an election campaign?
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This is an organized effort to persuade voters to choose one candidate over others, competing for the same office.
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Aneffective campaign
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requires sufficient resources to acquire and analyze information about voter’s interests and preferences and to develop a strategy and matching tactics for appealing to these interests.
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Electioncampaigns in America today are?
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candidate-centered not party-centered as in the past.Campaigns are personalized, with voters receiving information through the media, usually in the form of advertising.
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STUDYINGELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN AMERICAtrue
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1.THEPOLITICAL TEXT
Incumbents. Challengers. 2.AVAILABILITYOF FINANCIAL RESOURCES Aggressive fundraising campaign. Personal financial resources. Financial contributions fromfriends/supporters |
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Incumbents |
the holder of an office or post.
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STRATEGIESAND TECHNIQUES |
Campaign managers/consultants will: Seek endorsements from prominentindividuals or organized groups. Arrange for candidate to speak atmeetings of organized groups. Organizefocus groups to test voter reactions on issues. Engagein research on important issues. Publicrelations campaign to build a positive image of the candidate. Goingfor the undecided voters. Preservethe base while striving to winning over the independent voters.
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TWO CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE WHO RUNFOR PUBLIC OFFICE
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1.SELF STARTERS
2.RECRUITED CANDIDATES |
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SELF STARTERS
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Individuals who enter a politicalrace to gain publicity to further their career outside the electoral process.
Some self starters enter apolitical race because of a commitment to a specific policy issue or cause. |
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RECRUITED CANDIDATES
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These individuals are chosen byparty leaders because they believe the individual has the qualities necessaryto gain the support of the voting public
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PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
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Must be 35 years old.
Must be a natural born citizen. Must have resided in the United Statesfor at least 14 years |
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SENATE
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Must be 30 years old.
Must be a citizen of the UnitedStates (natural born or naturalized). Must have resided in the UnitedStates for 9 years |
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U.S.HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
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Mustbe 25 years old.
Mustbe citizen of the United States (natural born or naturalized) Musthave resided in the United States for 7 years |
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12th Amendments
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Electors were required to vote separately for the president and vicepresident
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22nd Amendments
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Limited the president’s term of office to two four year terms.
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23rd Amendments
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Gave(3) votes to the District of Columbia
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17th Amendments |
Allowedcitizens to elect their Senators directly
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Fivestages of General Election:
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1. Pre-nomination campaign
2. Nomination 3. NationalConvention 4. GeneralElection Campaign 5. Electoral College Decides. |
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Pre-nominationcampaign
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Aspirantsfor office of president start their preparations.
Theyattempt to raise funds and garner support. Theyform exploratoryCommittee. |
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Nomination
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Parties hold primaries and causes to determine delegates who will attend the national convention and vote for candidates.
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NationalConvention
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showcase of the president and VP
Party Platform is written |
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GeneralElection Campaign
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presidential debates
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Electoral College Decides.
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Mechanism used in selecting the president of the United States.
The Electoral College votes for each state is based on the number of HOR members plus 2 Senators. |
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TYPESOF PRIMARY ELECTIONS
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1.CLOSED PRIMARY
2.OPEN PRIMARY 3.BLANKET PRIMARY |
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CLOSED PRIMARY
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Votersare restricted to voting for candidates registered in the same party as the candidate
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OPEN PRIMARY
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Voters are restricted to voting for candidates of a single political party. Party affiliation is not required.
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BLANKET PRIMARY
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Voters may choose to participate in election of both parties.
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Factorsthat may influence the selection of a vice presidential running mate
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1.Geographical and regional balance
2.Ideological balance 3.balance of experience 4.character and personal demeanor |
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What is a safe seat?
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It is a congressional seat from adistrict that includes a high percentage of voters from one major party
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Marginal seat
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A seat in a congressional district thathas relatively similar number of Democratic and Republican voters.
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What is a presidential Primary?
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It is a statewide election that selects delegate who will represent the state at the party’s national convention
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A Caucus:
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Local meetings at which party members choose delegates who make a comment to a candidate for the party’s nomination
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ELECTIONS
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Elections are procedures by which voters choose, usually among competing candidates for the same office, to determine who shall hold public office.
Elections are fundamental to democracy because they are the chief means by which citizens control what their government does. |
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Elections 2 |
Most elections fall under the maintaining category.
Maintaining elections is important because it results in political continuity. It also reflects lack of upheavals within the electorate and the government. |
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Voting |
Casting a ballot or by other means in support of a candidate or policy proposal. Voting may be open or closed
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CRITICAL ELECTIONS
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This type of election results in permanent realignment of the electorate due to dissatisfaction with policies,performance in office or other factors.
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REINSTATING ELECTIONS.
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This type of election reflects normalcy.Reinstating elections take place after deviating elections as a result of the demise of the temporary forces that caused the transitory shift in partisan choice.
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IMPORTANCE OF ELECTIONS.
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Elections encourage and enhance socialization among party members, especially during national conventions.
Elections make political leaders responsive to the needs of the electorate. |
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IMPORTANCE OF ELECTIONS. 2
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Citizens use elections to hold political leaders accountable for policies and other actions. Elections bolster state’s power and authority Elections institutionalize access to political power.
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THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION
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The FEC was created with the passage of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974.
FEC provides funds for presidential candidates The agency also sets limits as to how much a candidate can spend, if the candidate accepts FEC funds. |
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THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 2
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To qualify for FEC funds in primaries, a candidate must raise at least $5,000 in each of 20 states or contributions of $1,000 for an overall of $100,000.
FECfunds may also be used to help each major party finance its national convention, as long as the party received at least 5% of the popular vote inthe previous presidential election. |
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THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 3
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FEC also require disclosure of funds byindividuals over $200, and to list all expenditures of more than $200.
Candidates who accept federal funds in the general election, cannot accept private contributions |
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Sourcesof funding for campaigns
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Individuals, businesses, interest groupshobbies and parties
2.PAC 3.The Federal government through the FEC 4.The internet –online- Howard Deanraised more than $40 million will |
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Midterm elections differ frompresidential elections in several ways:
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1.Voter interest and turnout is lower
2.There is no assistance from the coat-taileffect ( in which voters are influenced by their choice of presidentialcandidate on the ballot). 3.The party not in the White House has the advantage, and is more likely to regain control of Congress if the president’s popularity. |
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The General Election Campaign
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1. Incumbent Race versus Open Election.
2. The Choice of a Vice Presidential Candidate 3. Gathering a winning Coalition of States. 4. presidential Debates. 5.Advertising 6. The Electoral College Vote |
