American Corrections Final Exam

Front 1

in the context of chapter ten what is a process not a person or act

Back 1

managment

Front 2

john diolio says the uality of prison life depends on what more than anything

Back 2

managment

Front 3

what is associated with a person who gives orders and is concerned with productivity

Back 3

authoritarian

Front 4

administrator tha gives little or no directin to employees below him is called

Back 4

Laissezz faire

Front 5

what type of leare communicares through explination and elaboration

Back 5

democratic

Front 6

managers that get positions as a result of their expertise are called what

Back 6

technocratic leaders

Front 7

a manager who might be described as "big daddy" would normally be associated with what type of leadership

Back 7

democratic

Front 8

george beto the long time director of the texas prison system was a big advocate of what type of managment

Back 8

walking around

Front 9

John DiIulio describes the Texas prison system under what type of model prior to the early 1980s

Back 9

control

Front 10

Tom Murton was widely acknowledged to be what type of corrections leader

Back 10

participative

Front 11

Between 1980 and 1995 the number of employees working for the BOP id what?

Back 11

nearly trippeled

Front 12

In 2000, 63% of nations correctional employees were assigned to what type of jobs

Back 12

correction offoicers

Front 13

Any agency or organization that has limited public scrutiny or promotes from within is what type of system?

Back 13

closed

Front 14

Early in the 20th century most correctional administrations achieved their positions by

Back 14

political patronage

Front 15

System pioneered by B.O.P. that breaks prisons down into smaller components is called what

Back 15

unit manager

Front 16

Which prison administrator had his life portrayed in the fictional movie “Reubaker”?

Back 16

tom murton

Front 17

The terms administration and management may be used interchangeably in many prison organizations

Back 17

true

Front 18

The book says that most correctional program failures can be attributed to poor management

Back 18

true

Front 19

Most of the elements of corrections jobs can be described as routine

Back 19

false

Front 20

Many correctional agencies in the US promote people in management positions from within their own organizations

Back 20

true

Front 21

All prison wardens in the US are now required to have a college degree

Back 21

false

Front 22

The ACA code of ethics deals with administrative and non-administrative areas of concern

Back 22

true

Front 23

Federal laws and state laws require ___ to be fair and equitable when it comes to employee promotions transfers, and disciplinary actions

Back 23

true

Front 24

What year did the attica prison riot occur

Back 24

1971

Front 25

what year did the mexico riot oddur

Back 25

1980

Front 26

Arkansas was the first state to have its prison system to be placed under federal court order, what case imposed this

Back 26

holt vs sayer

Front 27

What is meant by the term “civil death

Back 27

inmate loses many rights

Front 28

Which of the following cases dealt with free exercise of religion by black Muslim inmates?

Back 28

cooper vs pait

Front 29

Section of federal listed as 42-usc-1983 deals with the issue of what

Back 29

civil rights claim

Front 30

Between 1980 and 2000 the number of civil rights claims did what?

Back 30

increased by more than 97 percent

Front 31

Vicarious liability is sometimes called what?

Back 31

supervisor liability

Front 32

Which act was passed by u.s. congress in 1996 to reduce the # of section 1982 claims by prisoner

Back 32

prison reform litigation

Front 33

The courts may wave filing fees for___ who file appeals, what is this process called?

Back 33

inform paupperis

Front 34

Cases that dealt with the rights of “jailhouse lawyers” were what

Back 34

johnson vs avery

Front 35

Which us supreme court case upheld the right of inmates to access the legal materials

Back 35

bounds vs smith

Front 36

The 1967 case that addressed the rights of probationers facing revocational proceeding

Back 36

mempa vs ray

Front 37

Which is the 1972 supreme court case dealing with due process rights?

Back 37

morissey vs brewer

Front 38

Which 1979 case decided you could house 2 inmates in a cell that was originally designed to hold one

Back 38

bell vs wolfish

Front 39

Judging medical care given to jail and prison inmates the courts employ what standard

Back 39

deliberate indifference

Front 40

1993 case of helling vs McKinney u.s. supreme court ruled that inmates had the right of what

Back 40

smoke free enviornment

Front 41

U.s. supreme court struck down the death penalty , what case did this?

Back 41

furman vs georgia

Front 42

Currently there are about how many people on death row in the US

Back 42

3200

Front 43

In the 1976 supreme court case that upheld the newly revised death penalty statuets

Back 43

greg vs georigia

Front 44

Hands off period, before 1964 courts were reluctant to intervene in litigation

Back 44

true

Front 45

Historically, the reason why judges were reluctant to be involved in prison litigation was because they knew nothing about how to run a prison

Back 45

false

Front 46

Under precautious liabilities, supervisors can be sued for actions taken by their subordinates

Back 46

true

Front 47

U.s supreme court decided that inmates may not help other inmates with legal papers such as habeas corpus

Back 47

true

Front 48

Inmates that file legal actions pro se are requesting legal representation

Back 48

false

Front 49

The us supreme court decided that 2 inmates may not be housed in a cell for 1

Back 49

false

Front 50

Supreme court held that executing mentally ill people is cruel and unusal punishment in 2002
• True

Back 50

true

Front 51

In 2005 the police in the US arrested how many women

Back 51

2.5 million

Front 52

In 2005, how many women were in US jails

Back 52

94 thousand

Front 53

How many female inmates were in the state and federal prisons in 2005?

Back 53

108,000

Front 54

How many women are under correctional supervision (prison, parole, probation, etc.)

Back 54

1.25 million

Front 55

Between 1996 and 2005 women arrested did what?

Back 55

increased by 7 percent

Front 56

Which of the following criminologists is associated with the liberation hypothesis as explanation of criminality?

Back 56

freda adler

Front 57

First separate prison facility for women was opened in what state in 1935

Back 57

new york

Front 58

The idea that women are subjected first to capital and second to men is associated with what view?

Back 58

marxist feminism

Front 59

The first womens federal prison was built where?

Back 59

alderson west virginia

Front 60

Women comprised what percent of the US jail percent of the US jail population in 2005?

Back 60

13 percent

Front 61

On the annual census day in 2005 how many women were in US jails

Back 61

94000

Front 62

In terms of offenses, the largest group of female jail inmates are charged with what type of offenses?

Back 62

property

Front 63

How many exclusively women prisons were there in operation in the year 2000?

Back 63

98

Front 64

Research done at the end of the 1990’s found that 72% of women in federal prisons had been found guilty of what?

Back 64

drug crimes

Front 65

Nearly what percent of female inmates have children under the age of 18?

Back 65

70

Front 66

Men and Women constitute roughly equal sized correctional populations in the US?

Back 66

false

Front 67

Criminal Justice system focuses more attention on female offenders than male offenders?

Back 67

false

Front 68

Between 1996 and 2005, male arrest rates decreased while women arrest rates increased?

Back 68

true

Front 69

Compared to male inmates, female inmates have additional medical needs?

Back 69

true

Front 70

American prisons in the 19th century typically housed both male and female inmates?

Back 70

true

Front 71

From 1983-2002 the proportion of women in the nations jail population nearly doubled?

Back 71

true

Front 72

Male jail inmates are much more likely to be HIV positive than female inmates

Back 72

false

Front 73

In terms of race over 50% of female jail inmates are white

Back 73

false

Front 74

More female inmates are first offenders compared to male jail inmates?

Back 74

true

Front 75

Current drug laws have effected males and females equally?

Back 75

false

Front 76

Only about 1% of female jail inmates report being physically or sexually abused before being incarcerated

Back 76

flase

Front 77

Physical and Sexual abuse are common traits shared between many female jail inmates?

Back 77

true

Front 78

Female prison inmates are more likely to report mental health problems than male inmates?

Back 78

true

Front 79

Generally speaking, women receive shorter prison sentences than men?

Back 79

true

Front 80

Womens correction facilities especially need to provide programming on parenting?

Back 80

true

Front 81

Roughly 2/3rds of the jail employers in the US are female?

Back 81

false

Front 82

Female prison inmates are less committed to criminal careers than their male counterparts

Back 82

true

Front 83

Division of human beings into distinctive groups based on their hereditary characteristics is known as what?

Back 83

race

Front 84

Classification of people according to their common social and ecological traits is known as what

Back 84

ethnicity

Front 85

One of the reasons to study race and ethnicity for terms of criminal justice processing is to look for what?

Back 85

sentencing desparity

Front 86

the way we have tried to reduce sentencing disparities is what?

Back 86

use of sentencing guidleines

Front 87

Currently how many states employ some form of sentencing guidelines?

Back 87

21

Front 88

Terms of federal drug law penalties, one gram of crack cocaine is equal how many grams of powdered cocaine?

Back 88

100 grams

Front 89

Recent data from the bureau of justice statistics indicate that nearly what percent of jail population consists of people of color?

Back 89

56 percent

Front 90

In 2005, ICE apprehended how many illegal aliens entering the US

Back 90

185,000

Front 91

Federal sentencing guidelines have resulted in what

Back 91

longer average in prison sentence

Front 92

One way inmates can assert power within a prison is what

Back 92

gangs

Front 93

Of the 60 people executed in the US in 2005, 41 were what

Back 93

white

Front 94

William J. Wilson classified societies most disadvantaged group as what?

Back 94

underclass

Front 95

Members of racial and ethnic minority groups tend to be under-representated in the US correctional population?

Back 95

true

Front 96

Recent research has demonstrated it is relatively easy to classify people according to their racial and ethnic categories

Back 96

true

Front 97

In states that use them, sentencing guidelines have eliminated all the discretion from the sentencing process?

Back 97

true

Front 98

Black and white defendants have different conviction rates for the same crime?

Back 98

true

Front 99

Under federal drug laws, the penalties for crack and powdered cocaine are substantially different?

Back 99

true

Front 100

Based on a study of sentencing patterns, nations war on drugs has disproportionally effected blacks?

Back 100

true

Front 101

In the US, all racial groups have an equal likelihood of going to prison?

Back 101

false

Front 102

Some frequent explanations of urban youth crime can be tied to the social disorganization theory?

Back 102

true

Front 103

Most research indicates that minorities receive harsher sentences because they commit worse crimes than non-minorities?

Back 103

false

Front 104

Many prisons have more minority inmates than they do minority staff members?

Back 104

false

Front 105

Like the numbers in the prison population, blacks represent a sizeable group of the nations parolees?

Back 105

true

Front 106

US blacks compose nearly 80% of the nations probation population

Back 106

false

Front 107

The state that has employed its three strike law more frequently than any other state

Back 107

california

Front 108

US supreme court ruled that Californias three strike law was not unconstitutionally punitive in which 2003 court case?

Back 108

lochieur vs andre

Front 109

The clear guiding principle for most contemporary corrections programs is?

Back 109

reintegration

Front 110

Punishment is associated with what philosophy of corrections?

Back 110

• retributionist

Front 111

In the past decade, which hasn’t contributed to the growth of prison population?

Back 111

• Changes in sentences

Front 112

Laws of Criminal Justice Thermodynamics” says that harsher penalties result in what?

Back 112

• More likely penalties will be applied

Front 113

Which is discussed in the text in relation to the imposition to mandatory and minimum prison sentences?

Back 113

• Firearm enhancement law

Front 114

The amount of good-time credits that inmates can earn is sometimes called what

Back 114

• Discount rate

Front 115

Those correction programs that fall on a continuum between tradition probation and incarceration?

Back 115

intermediate sanctions

Front 116

Which is not considered a reason for an increase in intermediate sanctions

Back 116

• Increase in crime rate during the 90’s

Front 117

Increased surveillance of probation/parole clients who are on intensive supervision are likely to result what

Back 117

• High rates of failure

Front 118

As an alternative to parole, several states and the federal system have switched to what?

Back 118

• active electronic monitoring

Front 119

Over the past decade, what has happened to the number of parolees in the US?

Back 119

• Increased substantially

Front 120

Prison and jail industry programs are prone to which of the following problems?

Back 120

• Inmate idleness

Front 121

Sending prisoners to isolated to serve their sentences illustrates the practice of what?

Back 121

• banishment

Front 122

The most electronic monitoring systems in use employ what type of monitoring systems?

Back 122

• active

Front 123

Genetic Engineers that are used to change biological features including tendencies to commit crimes is what?

Back 123

• eugenics

Front 124

US Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty in what 1976 case?

Back 124

• Gregg Vs Georgia

Front 125

Most common method of execution in the US is what

Back 125

• lethal injection

Front 126

The incarceration rate for women has what?

Back 126

increaSED

Front 127

One of the greatest and infectious disease threats in jail today is what?

Back 127

tb

Front 128

Which of the following is not associated with reform efforts in corrections

Back 128

gen public

Front 129

Long term or persistent prison crowding can be characterized as what problem

Back 129

chronic

Front 130

Three-strikes laws have dramatically reduced crime in the states that employed them

Back 130

true

Front 131

Over the past decade, states have added parole offices at the same rate as they added

Back 131

false

Front 132

The use of specialized caseloads can improve the delivery of services to parolees?

Back 132

true

Front 133

Throughout our history we have gone through cycles of punishment and leniency in terms of corrections ?

Back 133

true

Front 134

Since the mid 70’s, there has been a general trend of moving from determinate to indeterminate sentences?

Back 134

false

Front 135

Increasing numbers of agencies have been moving towards specialized caseloads for parole officers

Back 135

true

Front 136

The most common method for carrying out capital sentences in the US is electrocution?

Back 136

• False

Front 137

In the past three decades, prison population increasingly has been comprised of blacks and Hispanics?

Back 137

true

Front 138

Men and women who are incarcerated generally have the same kind of medical issues?

Back 138

false

Front 139

Since women comprise such a small percentage of the correctional population most states have been able to meet their needs behind bars?

Back 139

true

Front 140

Prison population in the US now contains both older and younger inmates than in the past?

Back 140

true

Front 141

prison and jail inmates must be tested for HIV and AIDS before they are released?

Back 141

false

Front 142

The primary reason for increased number of juveniles being held in adult jails is a larger population of them being tried as adults?

Back 142

false

Front 143

Most interpersonal violence in jails and prisons is inmate on inmate violence?
• True

Back 143

true

Front 144

In the past 30 years, there has been an increasing number of women working in institutional corrections

Back 144

true

Front 145

Courts have ruled it unconstitutional for female correction officers to guard male inmates?

Back 145

false

Front 146

A major problem faced by female correction officers is sexual harassment from inmates and male staff members

Back 146

true

Front 147

In general we are incarcerating more people and keeping for longer periods of time in prison in the US

Back 147

true

Front 148

Most of the cost associated with corrections comes from building new institutions?

Back 148

true

Front 149

Currently most aspects of corrections operations are thoroughly researched?

Back 149

true