Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Crystal Palace Exposition
|
- took place in London 1851
- Powers Greek slave exibited here. |
|
|
The Academy & Salon
|
The academy - Paris, controlled arts, academic style
The Salon- official exhibition put on by the Salon |
|
|
William-Adolphe Bougureau
|
- Academic painter
- Taught many American artists at Academy Julian - almost photorealistic |
|
|
Jean Leon Gerome
|
- Thomas Eakins studied with him
- interested in feminine ideals of beauty in female nude -French -academy painter and sculptor |
|
|
Academy Julian
|
-Lots of American artists studied here - under Bougeraue
- industrial production of artists - Paris is alluring, enticing - "Frat boy mentality" - learn conspicous consumption in Paris -class much more defined in Europe - true artist would go to Paris to study |
|
|
Salon des Refuses of 1863
|
- exhibition of works rejected by the jury of the official Paris Salon
-The clamorous event of 1863 was actually sponsored by the French government. In that year, artists protested the Salon jury’s rejection of more than 3,000 works, far more than usual. "Wishing to let the public judge the legitimacy of these complaints," said an official notice, Emperor Napoléon III decreed that the rejected artists could exhibit their works in an annex to the regular Salon. Many critics and the public ridiculed the refusés, which included such now-famous paintings as Édouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeuner sur l’herbe) and James McNeill Whistler's Girl in White. But the critical attention also legitimized the emerging avant-garde in painting. Encouraged by Manet, the Impressionists successfully exhibited their works outside the Salon beginning in 1874. Subsequent Salons des Refusés were mounted in Paris in 1874, 1875, and 1886, by which time the prestige and influence of the Paris Salon had waned. |
|
|
Thomas Cole
|
- founded Hudson River School
-romaticiscm -sublime The Oxbow |
|
|
The Hudson River School
|
- Sublime
- Romantic - Little man/ big nature (God) - absolute awe and absolute terror - man subject to whims of nature - viewer placed precariosly - Thomas Cole - always has a blasted tree - Frederic Edwin Church - Thomas Moran |
|
|
The Picturesque
|
the middle ground between the terror and limitlessness of the sbulime and the closed perfection of the beautiful
|
|
|
The Sublime
|
-little man/ big nature
- awe and terror of nature |
|
|
The Battle of little Big Horn
|
"Custer's last stand"
- finds 15,000 native Americas vs. the 7th cavalry -history usually favors the victor, this time it doesn't - apparent victory but at too great of cost. |
|
|
Ledger Drawings
|
- accountant paper
- Native Americans created drawings on it - Native Americans lament death of horses in artwork -apparent victory - but came at too great of cost -Captain Pratt gave people in Ft. Marion ledger paper - could get their ideas in paper - preserve ideas. -Ledger drawings start to show romantic victories |
|
|
Ft. Marion
|
- American Indians taken to ft. marion
-prisons from Indian wars housed in ft. marion -playing Indian for Anglos -Tommy Torlino - "kill the Indian, save the man" - people from all different tribes - not same traditions - forced to dance together. |
|
|
Zotom
|
-Still draws/dreams of old life
-becomes mystical - wants help from anywere |
|
|
The Dawes Act
|
1887 - took land from Native Americans
-visual culture used as weapon |
|
|
Wavoka
|
-Northern Piute
-Famous for vision he had -vision of dance performed by Native Americans and the ancestors would come back and sweep off the Anglos and return to way it was - if you did dance right and wore right clothing it would protect you from bullets -becomes a prophet -tied to Ghost Dance |
|
|
The Indian Wars
|
a series of conflicts between the colonial or federal government and the native people of North America.
|
|
|
The Ghost Dance
|
-Period of intense visual/materail production
-physically protect you -crows, cross - American symbols -beautifully done - art & function tied together for Native Americans -Ghost dance worries Anglo-Americans tied to Wavoka |
|
|
Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)
|
- Massacre of Native Americans on their way to perform Ghost Dance
-left to die and bodies to freeze |
|
|
Baron Robbers
|
a term revived in the 19th century United States for businessmen and bankers who dominated respective industries and amassed huge personal fortunes, typically by anti-competitive or unfair business practices.
|
|
|
Prout's Neck
|
- Peninsula in Maine
- place of Winslow Homer's studio |
|
|
Darwinism
|
Charles Darwin.
-social darwinism -some races better, like white race - because they have "adapted better" -survival of the fittest |
|
|
Edward Muybridge
|
- absolutely insane - bad carriage accident, frontal loe inured - wildly creative
- use photograps to help understand things in new ways -becomes friends with Stanford and horse cultlure - set up elaborate system on farm - se how horses moves in time -Legend - bet -horses always portrayed as superman flying - camera sees what you can't see -ends up at University of Philadelphia -given full access to zoo, art school, etc. -starts to expand - human movement - has cameras on vertical & horizontal axis - who whould have sued these? artists -placed grid system in background - era of science, not exact science -eventually publishes - Animal Locomotion |
|
|
Animal Locomotion
|
-ends up at University of Philadelphia
-given full access to zoo, art school, etc. -starts to expand - human movement - has cameras on vertical & horizontal axis - who whould have sued these? artists -placed grid system in background - era of science, not exact science -eventually publishes - Animal Locomotion -women shown dancing, skipping, jump roping, crawling -fish rod & tackle from sotne to stone -Eakin's hand drawing a circle -Eakins also becomes invovled with exploration of movement |
|
|
The Hay Market Riot
|
The Haymarket affair (also known as the Haymarket riot or Haymarket massacre) was a disturbance that took place on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at the Haymarket Square[3] in Chicago, and began as a rally in support of striking workers. An unknown person threw a bomb at police as they dispersed the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of eight police officers and an unknown number of civilians.[4][5] In the internationally publicized legal proceedings that followed, eight anarchists were tried for murder. Four were put to death, and one committed suicide in prison.
|
|
|
Diego Velazquez
|
influenced Henri other American artists who traveled to Spain.
Spanish artist use of black influenced John Singer Sargent profoundly |
|
|
Dr. Samuel Gross
|
great surgeon of day
interested in teaching Eakins does portrait of him |
|
|
The "annihilator of vanity"
|
Thomas Eakins
naturalist critic calle dhim this |
|
|
The Philadelphia Academy of Art
|
Philadelphia = cultural center of America
Eakins director for small amount of time -important institution -founded 1805 - start collecting American art -Eakins starts teaching there -doesn't have atelier(study under) has a workshop (working together) -Anscutz, logical student of Eakins - encourages students to go to cadaver labs across street at Philly medical school -interested in realism on deep levels - not just on surface - scientific revolution |
|
|
Walt Whitman
|
Proponent of Thomas Eakins
"more of a force than painter" an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. He was a part of the transition between Transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.[1] His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality. |
|
|
The Decadent Movement
(Dandyism) |
Elevation of aesthetics to a living religion
- great art > national art - great art comes from Europe - elitist approach, connected with culture - Whistler figurehead for movement "art for art's sake - function, just to be beautiful |
|
|
Oscar Wilde
|
an Irish writer, poet and prominent aesthete. Born in Dublin, his parents were successful intellectuals, and from an early age he showed his intelligence, becoming bilingual in French and German, then an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. After university, Wilde moved around trying his hand a various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured extensively, and wrote journalism prolifically. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and glittering conversation Wilde had become one of the most well-known personalities of his day. Though it was his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray - still widely read - that brought him more lasting recognition. He became one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London with a series of hilarious social satires which continue to be performed, especially The Importance of Being Earnest. At the height of his fame and success, he suffered a dramatic downfall in a sensational series of trials. Wilde was imprisoned for two years' hard labour after being convicted of "gross indecency" with other men. In prison he wrote De Profundis, a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. After release from prison he set sail for Dieppe by the night ferry, never to return to Ireland or Britain. In France he wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a long, terse poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life, but no further creative work. He died in Paris a broken, penniless man. He was only forty-six years old.
|
|
|
Thorstein Veblen
|
a Norwegian-American sociologist and economist and a primary mentor, along with John R. Commons, of the institutional economics movement. He was an impassioned critic of the performance of the American economy, and is most famous for his book The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).
-Conspicous consumption - invidious consumption -signifiers of class distinction > signifier of class - conspicous leisure = you have time -How do I show consumption? drive ferrari, wear diamonds, etc. -ART & ARCHITECTURE ties w/ AESTHETIC MOVEMENT - Conspicous leisure = women, shop all day, idle away in beautiful leisure |
|
|
"Conspicous consumption (and leisure)"
|
-Conspicous consumption
- invidious consumption -signifiers of class distinction > signifier of class - conspicous leisure = you have time -How do I show consumption? drive ferrari, wear diamonds, etc. -ART & ARCHITECTURE ties w/ AESTHETIC MOVEMENT - Conspicous leisure = women, shop all day, idle away in beautiful leisure |
|
|
Tonalism
|
an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s when American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Dark, neutral hues, such as gray, brown or blue, would usually dominate such compositions. During the late 1890s American art critics began to use the term "tonal" to describe these works. Two of the leading painters associated with this style are George Inness and James McNeill Whistler.
|
|
|
Synthesthia
|
a neurologically-based condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. People who report such experiences are known as synesthetes.
|
|
|
Rococo Revival
|
- Numns and Clark, Maker, Square Piano 1853
- alll about conspicous consumption - frivolous - Watteau - pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera |
|
|
J.T. Harwood
|
- Utah painter
- no real connection to Church - 1888 went to Paris - married to Harriet (?) - Preparations for Dinner - 1st work of Utah artist shown in salon - Why? window on a world, ducth interior/genre, intereste in how others live, beautifully painted |
|
|
The French Art Mission
|
- Temple being built
-needed artists - "modern French murals" - 1890 - Lorus Bishop Pratt, John Hafen, John Fairbanks, -paint murals -Saints ned to be edified -Herman Haag (most talented in Dr. Swensen's opinion) - Edwin Evans -Art missionaries -kick start visual arts in Utah |
|
|
Cyrus Dallin
|
-studies in Paris
-understands anatomy -equestrian Native Americans - Who loves N. Americans most? Europeans - did really well in Europe - makes way to Boston - can still see a lot tehre -1st angel Moroni - Boston MFA - "closer to God when making angel Moroni" |
|
|
Barbazon & Millet
|
-real life
- concerned with falling(?) - impressionistic - Celebrates teh average man - the peasant - William Morris Hunt is friend with Millet/ creates Millet knock offs - "doesn't look like Frecn country but he can make it look like it." |
|
|
John La Farge
|
an American painter, muralist, stained glass window maker, decorator, and writer.- Nocturne, 1888
- stained glass - heart of arts & crafts movement - draftmanship and skill -Hunt find talented young U.S. artist to teach -ounes around one place to next |
|
|
The Munich School
|
- not as important as Paris
-attracting artist from around the world - Frankd Duveneck characterizes: -like Frans Hals - quick brushstroke - heavy impasto -spontaneous brushstroke |
|
|
The Dusseldorf School
|
Bierstadat and Bigham studied here
The work of the Düsseldorf School is characterized by finely detailed yet still fanciful landscapes, often with religious or allegorical stories set in the landscapes. Leading members of the Düsseldorf School advocated "plein air painting", and tended to use a palette with relatively subdued and even colors. The Düsseldorf School grew out of and was a part of the German Romantic movement. The Düsseldorf School had a significant influence on the Hudson River School in the United States, and many prominent Americans trained at the Düsseldorf Academy and show the influence of the Düsseldorf School, including George Caleb Bingham, Eastman Johnson, Worthington Whittredge, Richard Caton Woodville, William Stanley Haseltine, James McDougal Hart, and William Morris Hunt, as well as German émigré Emanuel Leutze. Albert Bierstadt applied but was not accepted. His American friend Worthington Whittredge became his teacher while attending Dusseldorf. |
|
|
Vanderbilts
|
The Vanderbilt family is a significant international family with Dutch origins, who were highly prominent during the 1800s due to the family patriarch Cornelius Vanderbilt, who created railroad and shipping empires. His descendants went on to build great Fifth Avenue mansions, Newport, Rhode Island summer cottages, the famous Biltmore House and various other exclusive homes. The family members were the leaders of the high society scene and the Gilded Age, until the early 1900s, when the ten great Fifth Avenue mansions were torn down and fellow Vanderbilt homes were sold as museums and the like. The family suffered from a major downfall in prominence by the mid-1900s, known as the Fall of the House of Vanderbilt.[1] Despite the family's downfall and major loss of fortunes, the Vanderbilts remain the seventh wealthiest family in history.
|
|
|
Frederick Law Olmstead
|
-The Biltmore Estate architect
- 1888-1895 - Ashville, N.C. -French Chateau imported -Manicured gardens - Versailles |
|
|
The Breakers
|
-1893-1985
-Conrelius Vanderbilt II (fav. grandson) -65,00 square feet -$7 million - most expensive building at that time -Renaissance - Palladian - classically inspired in Chateau -retty showy inside -can go tour it today. |
|
|
Revivalist Styles
|
the use of visual styles that consciously echo the style of a previous architectural era.
There were a number of architectural revivalist movements in the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries |
|
|
Richardson Romanesque
|
- Henry Hobson Richardson
- Trinity Church -America doesn't have history always trying to create it - buid age & weight of architecture - use of Roman arch -full integration of sculpture and architecture -looks far older than it is (the point) -Romanesque -1000-1200 -studies in Paris |
|
|
Sophie Hayden
|
- built Woman's Building at World's Columbian exposition in Chicago
- Beaux arts style the first American woman to receive an architecture degree. Bennett was born in Santiago, Chile. She graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1890 with a degree in architecture. She is best known for designing the Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exposition, designing the building when she was just 21. She received $1,000 at the time for the design, when male architects earned ten times as much. Bennett died in 1953 in Winthrop, Massachusetts. |
|
|
Daniel Chester French
|
- True vision of American Aspiration
-"republic" america projecting self through her tall thin model an American sculptor. His best-known work is the sculpture of a seated Abraham Lincoln (1920) at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. |
|
|
John Ruskin
|
an English art critic and social thinker, also remembered as a poet and artist. His essays on art and architecture were extremely influential in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.
Ruskin first came to widespread attention for his support for the work of J. M. W. Turner and his defence of naturalism in art. He subsequently put his weight behind the Pre-Raphaelite movement. His later writings turned increasingly to complex and personal explorations of the interconnection of cultural, social and moral issues, and were influential on the development of Christian socialism. |
|
|
William Morris Hunt
|
- Vangard for painting
-friend with Millet - Millet knock-offs - old money in Vermont (Dad) & connecticut (mom) - goes to Harvard, drops out -Wants to become artist, goes to Paris -becomes fascianted with peasants/gleaners' -Newport, RI - doesn't look like French country but he can make it look like it -buys a lot of great art - Boston MFA - Barbizon painting collection - buys The Sower for $50.00 - becomes influential to artists -Jon La Farge - Portrait of Painter |
|
|
Gustav Stickley
|
- Part of Arts & Crafts Movement
- Best U.S example of Arts & Crafts movement - emphasis on handmade: shows craftmanship (joints, etc.) wood, cushion (leisure) -coming home to a comfy chair -simple -powerful in simplicity -stable - senisble -less is more -tough - long lasting -buy furniture to last and pass on (great-grandchildren) |
|
|
Rookwood Ceramics
|
-arts & crafts movement
- elevated handicraft -Japonisme |
|
|
Louis Comfort Tiffany
|
- son of Tiffany & Co.
- Tiffany Glass -sculptural -high emphasis on craftmanship -funcitonal -edifies, beautifies space -stained galss - scared space - delicacy beauty -old world craftmanship |
|
|
The Bungalow
|
-architecture of arts & crafts movement
-houses - porch -symmetry -square pillars -built in bookcases, desks -low pitched roofs - jutting eaves - modes of aesthetic integrity, efficient use of space and healthful living -screend porches & terraces and patios -gardens |
|
|
The Lincoln Memorial
|
Henry Bacon, 1915 -1922
- works with city beautiful movement - 39 columns, 39 feet above Potomac (39 states at this time) - MLK -civil rights - Obama - dumb movies -interior - worlds of Lincoln -Daniel Chester French - Lincoln 28' tall -contemporary dress -relaxed, human -Foscays (roman) -rods - missing axes -hands; 1 casual, 1 clenched = justice and mercy |
|
|
Gibson Girl
|
-illustrator
-men representing women -elegant but no overdone -why is hair siginificant - updo makes her free the personification of a feminine ideal as portrayed in the satirical pen and ink illustrated stories created by illustrator Charles Dana Gibson during a 20-year period spanning the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in the United States. Some people argue that the "Gibson Girl" was the first national standard for feminine beauty. For the next two decades, Gibson's fictional images were extremely popular.[1] There was merchandising of "saucers, ashtrays, tablecloths, pillow covers, chair covers, souvenir spoons, screens, fans, umbrella stands",[2] all bearing her image. |
|
|
Edgar Alan Poe
|
an American writer, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.[1] He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
|
|
|
Fauvism
|
wild beasts of color
|
|
|
Mckim, Mead, and White
|
-Mckim & White - ideas
-Mead - structure - Influence of architecture of United States - Washington Arch, Manhattan Muncipal -propopents of Beaux Arts Style |
|
|
Chicago Fire of 1871
|
-drastic changes in architecture
-build a new city -Chicago - still today - forefront of architecture |
|
|
William Le Baron Jenney
|
- Home Insurance Building:
-corinthian capitals -rustification -steel is holding building up -steel - makes it possible to build upward Moncidnock building: Burnham & root: -Chicago, 1884-1892 -foot in past, foot in present -stylistically changing - starting to strip down decoratino -beginnings of form over function - 68% usable space (HUGE!) -matches grawing financial need -walls at base 6.3' thick -still blcokineess |
|
|
Form ever follows Function
|
-pure function
- Louis Sullivan -Wainwright building epitome = balance of form & function |
|
|
staff material
|
kind of artificial stone used for covering and ornamenting buildings.
- World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago |
|
|
impressionism
|
-Light & color
- don't blend colors -plein air painting - feeting moments - setch - final work |
|
|
The American Ten
|
-core of American impressionism
-includes John Twachtman, Frank W. Benson, Edmond C. Tarbell, Edward Simmons, etc. -paint women in Leisure |
|
|
Childe Hassam
|
- most talented of THE TEN
- paints Paris & NY -Impressionizers - not forefront of movement, done by this point - attracted to COast and Sea -Rapid Brushstroke -unblended color -great painter -1913 - not pushing selves artistically -California impressionism, Pennsylvania impressionism, connecticut, etc. -John Hafen/JT Harwood - get into impressionism |
|
|
John Twachtman
|
-impressionistic
-influence of Whistler - tonalism - winter scenes - pushing what impressionism can do - tonalism |
|
|
Art Student's League
|
Founded in 1875, the League's creation came about in response to both an anticipated gap in the program of the National Academy of Design's program of classes for that year, and longer-term desires for more variety and flexibility in education for artists. The breakaway group of students included many women, and was originally housed in rented rooms at 16th Street and Fifth Avenue.[2]
When the Academy resumed a more typical, but liberalized, program, in 1877, there was some sentiment that the League had served its purpose, but its students voted to continue its program, and it was incorporated in 1878. Influential board members from this formative period included painter Thomas Eakins and sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens. Membership continued to increase, forcing the League to relocate to increasingly larger spaces. In 1889, the League participated in the founding of the American Fine Arts Society (AFAS), together with the Society of American Artists and the Architectural League, among others. The American Fine Arts Building at 215 West 57th Street, constructed as their joint headquarters, has continued to house the League since 1892.[3] Designed in the French Renaissance style by one of the founders of the AFAS, architect Henry Hardenbergh (in collaboration with W.C. Hunting & J.C. Jacobsen), the building is a designated New York City Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In his official biography, "My Adventures as an Illustrator," Norman Rockwell recounts his time studying at the school as a young man, providing insight into its operation in the early 1900s. The League's popularity persisted into the 1920s and 30s under the hand of instructors like painter Thomas Hart Benton, who counted among his students there the young Jackson Pollock and other avant-garde artists who would rise to prominence in the 1940s. In the years after World War II, the League continued to be a formative influence on innovative artists, being an early stop in the careers of Abstract expressionists, Pop Artists and scores of others including Lee Bontecou, Helen Frankenthaler, Al Held, Eva Hesse, Roy Lichtenstein, Donald Judd, Knox Martin, Robert Rauschenberg, James Rosenquist, Cy Twombly and many others vitally active in the art world. The League's unique importance in the larger art world dwindled somewhat during the 1960s, partially because of higher academia's emergence as an important presence in contemporary art education, and partially due to a shift in the art world towards minimalism, photography, conceptual art, and a more impersonal and indirect approach to art making. As of 2010[update], the League remains an important part of New York City art life. The League continues to attract a wide variety of vital young artists; and the focus on art made by hand, both figurative and abstract, remains strong; its continued significance has largely been in the continuation of its original mission - to give access to art classes and studio access to all comers, regardless of their financial ability or technical background.[4] |
|
|
Muckraking
|
seeks to expose corruption of businesses or government to the public. The term originates with writers of the Progressive movement within the United States who wanted to expose corruption and scandals in government and business. Muckrakers often wrote about the wretchedness of urban life and poverty, and against the established institutions of society, such as big business.
|
|
|
Jacob Riis
|
-progressive
- muckraker a la "The Jungle" - takes camera into life below ground - he was a police reporter |
|
|
The Pullman Strike
|
-Covered by Frederic Remington for Harper's Weekly
-nationwide conflicts between labor unions and railroads President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to Chicago to end the strike, causing debate within his own cabinet about whether the President had the constitutional authority to do so. The conflict peaked on July 6, shortly after the troops' arrival in the city, and ended several days later. Civil as well as criminal charges were brought against the organizers of the strike and Debs in particular, and the Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision, In re Debs, validating Cleveland's actions. Nevertheless, President Cleveland's bid for renomination at the 1896 Democratic National Convention failed because of his response to the strike. [3] |
|
|
Eugene V. Debs
|
-led first nation-wide union, the American Railway Union
|
|
|
Hull House
|
a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located in the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House immediately opened its doors to the recently arrived European immigrants. By 1911, Hull House had grown to 13 buildings. In 1912 the Hull House complex was completed with the addition of a summer camp, the Bowen Country Club.[3][4][5] With its innovative social, educational, and artistic programs, Hull House became the standard bearer for the movement that had grown, by 1920, to almost 500 settlement houses nationally.[6]
The settlement movement was a progressive reformist social movement, peaking around the 1920s in England and the US, with a goal of getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an interdependent community. Its main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors.[1] In the US, by 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 states |
|
|
The Photo Seccession
|
an early 20th century movement that promoted photography as a fine art in general and photographic pictorialism in particular. A group of photographers, led by Alfred Stieglitz and F. Holland Day in the early 1900s, held the then controversial viewpoint that what was significant about a photograph was not what was in front of the camera but the manipulation of the image by the artist/photographer to achieve his or her subjective vision. The movement helped to raise standards and awareness of art photography.
|
|
|
Camera Work
|
a quarterly photographic journal published by Alfred Stieglitz from 1903 to 1917. It is known for its many high-quality photogravures by some of the most important photographers in the world and its editorial purpose to establish photography as a fine art. It has been called "consummately intellectual"[1], "by far the most beautiful of all photographic magazines"[2], and "a portrait of an age [in which] the artistic sensibility of the nineteenth century was transformed into the artistic awareness of the present day.
|
|
|
The Masses
|
a graphically innovative magazine of socialist politics published monthly in the U.S. from 1911 until 1917, when Federal prosecutors brought charges against its editors for conspiring to obstruct conscription. It was succeeded by The Liberator and then later The New Masses. It published reportage, fiction, poetry and art by the leading radicals of the time such as Max Eastman, John Reed and Floyd Dell.
|
|
|
Mahonri Young
|
sculptor, grandson of Brigham Young
This is the place monument |
|
|
Minerva Teichert
|
Mormon artist
an American painter notable for her art depicting Western and Mormon subjects, including a collection of murals depicting scenes from the Book of Mormon. studied at Art Students League of New York under Robert Henri |
|
|
The Transantlantics
|
exchange of information between Europe and N.America
Those who went to Europe?? IDK |
|
|
291 Gallery
|
-Alfred Stieglitz founded
-headquarters for journal 'Camera Work' -included Edward Steichen, Gertrude Käsebier -Tried to elevate art of photography to art of painting. |
|
|
Paternalism
|
refers usually to an attitude or a policy reminiscent of the hierarchic pattern of a family based on patriarchy, that is, there is a figurehead.(literally meaning 'father like')., pater in Latin) that makes decisions on behalf of others (the "wife" and "children") for their own good, even if this is contrary to their wishes.
|
|
|
Art Nouveau
|
-Jugendstil
-Modernisme -overall function: beauty, nature influence, organic motifs, surroundings make man, elevate you -mosaicissts, metal workers, sculptors, etc. all work toegther - Industrial revoltuion - mass production, enjoyment in surroundings - rest from world, factory workers never see final product - lost ability to create and see beauty |
|
|
Cult of Masculinity
|
tromp loil painting
cowboy fantasies masculinity challenged by women's suffrage movement |
|
|
Theodore Roosevelt
|
the 26th President of the United States. He is well remembered for his energetic persona, his range of interests and achievements, his leadership of the Progressive Movement, his model of masculinity, and his "cowboy" image. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President (1901–1909) he held offices at the municipal, state, and federal level of government. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician.
|
|
|
The Spanish American War
|
a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States. While many routinely include the indigenous struggles for independence in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippine Islands under this heading, the name Spanish-American War (explicitly suggesting the period of US military involvement, as it does) narrowly refers to the US-sponsored punctuation to the late-nineteenth-century turmoil in the Spanish colonies.[6]
Ostensibly fought over the issue of Cuban independence, the four-month war developed into a global conflict as the U.S. Navy sought to dislodge Spain from longstanding colonial outposts in both the Caribbean and the South Pacific. Its outcome—with temporary administrative authority over Cuba and indefinite colonial authority over Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines ceded to the U.S. through the December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris[7]—had long-range implications for both belligerent parties. For Spain, the conflict, thereafter referred to as “the Disaster,” contributed to the further weakening of the Restoration Government, the eventual rise of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, and Spain’s military insignificance in the twentieth century. The victorious |
|
|
Symphony in White No.1
|
- art should be independent of all clap-trap
-included in Salon des Refuses (w/Manet's Luncheon) -not selected because interested in abstraction of color WHISTLER: -In Europe in some ways more European than American - European circles - not concerned with whats going on in states |
|
|
Brooklyn Bridge
|
John A. Roebling 1867 - 1883
-employs suspension -thoroughly modern -but has the gothic arch -mixing of old & new |
|
|
The Champion Single Skulls
|
1871 - Thomas Eakins
- Eakins teacher at Philadelphia art school -realism -what's right? water, perspective, clouds/sky, ligt -Fall -real river -light right -goes out captures the exact moment - not an idealized landscape -Eakins is in image - other skull rower -active participating figure - not passive, sun again in work -Walt Whitman "Her athletic Democracy" -American Landscape becomes theater for individual dramas -part of attitude of masculine identity -leisure, athleticism defines people - not work/employment |
|
|
Philadelphia Academy of Art
|
Frank Furness
1871-1876 -Gothic, Asian -unlike any other building -helps innovation - innovative space -innovation breed innovation -technicolor - over the top -Same time: tower of London, Salt Lake Temple |
|
|
The Morning Bell
|
Winslow Homer - 1872
-one tree - industrial revolution is coming - nature v man - man is winning - profound change happening - morning bell//mourning bell - dreading coming to work - will it be a wonderful job? difficult, menial, hard labor -solemn walk -she used to have different lifestyle, tied w/land - probably used to be on farm -Farm is more heroic work -profound changes - rural to urban -rural is always portrayed as more wholesome-coworkers/new job - subject to gossip/watercooler -Bridge - emphasizes transitional moment - not making transition happily |
|
|
Arrangement in Grey & Black #1
|
James McNeil Whistler - 1872
-AKA The ARtist's Mother - Japonisme - assymetry, diagonal, flatness, cut away (frame) -Large influence on 19th and 20th century photography & painting |
|
|
The Whistling Boy
|
Frank Duveneck - 1872
-Like Frans Hals/German school characteristcs: - quick brushstroke -heavy impasto -spontaneous brushstroke -Louis Corinth -Street urchin -Spontaneous (subject, composition, brushstroke) -capture -ephemeral -completely different model -becomes center point -begin to pick up this style |
|
|
Trinity Church
|
Boston, Henry Hobson Richardson, 1872-1877
-Richardson Romanesque -studies in Paris -Looks really old -Romanesque 1000 -1200 -don't have history - always trying to create it -build age & weight of architecture -Romanesque: heavy, fortress like -Use of Roman arch -full intergration of sculpture and architecture -looks far older than it is (the point) -Interior: La Farge, August Saint-Gaudens, Morris, Burne-Jones, -rich color -vibrant reds and gold leaf -stained glass adds to overall interior -literal synthesis of all the arts |
|
|
The Chasm of the Colorado
|
Thomas Moran, 1873-1874
-sold to Congress for $10,000 -Sublime landscape -Photographs can't capture Grand Canyon - conglomeration of views -John Wesley Powell: not factually true, but more real than any other image -Greatest hits of the Grand Canyon -friends with William Henry Jackson (photog) |
|
|
The Mount of the Holy Cross
|
1875, Thomas Moran
-placed front & center in centennial American halls -There is a mountain in the distant west - Longfellow -rugged landscape, expansion -America has landscape! unlike Europe -we don't have to build cathedrals to have crosses -cross on mountain -landscape represents/embodies "American" characteristics -not easy to get to mt. of holy cross// pilgrimage |
|
|
The Gross Clinic
|
Thomas Eakins 1875
-call for paintings "best of American life" -Dr. Samuel Gross - not athletics, etc. -Dr in focus, in spotlight, light on head -strong person - similar to G. Washington -heroic individual -clearly above them all -men are the heores - men like Dr. Gross -women could be patient's mother -red blood stands out -red pens -Gross's most famous operation - taking out diseased bone - exposing the bone in picture -wanted to be true to actual situation -was put in medical building - not building with other art -critics did not appreciate it - "what do we do with this image?" -after exposition purchased for $200.00 -scene - it's in a n auditorium surgery hall -medical students learn from Dr. Gross -Eakens is there - front row w/red pen -The Gross Clinic@ the Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2007 $68,000 |
|
|
A Visit from the Old Mistress
|
Winslow Homer - 1876
-ambiguity -tension -relationships completely changed -woman sitting - wouldn't happen before -contract no longer there -uncertainty -young child: new future -presents ideas - you have to finish them |
|
|
Breezing Up (A Fair Wind)
|
Winslow Homer - 1876
-Shown in Philadelphia, seen as symbol of America -youth v. maturity -we are youthful nation pushing forward to the future -recarious situation of boat - instability - but figures aren't worried - optimism, youthful exuberance. |
|
|
Wohaw Between Two Worlds
|
Wohaw, C.1876
-Wohaw (Kiowa) -learned to write his name - shows new tradition -no perspective -wohaw - center figure - balances cattle, buffalo, teepee -has to look to cattle -teepee replaced by house -cattle and buffalo speak magically to him -top right stars, suns, representational of his Gods - replaced by nothing -ledger drawings began on buffalo skins |
|
|
Leland Stanford Jr on his Horse
|
Edward Mubridge 1879
-wildly creative -use photographs to help understand things in new ways - becomes friends with Stanford & horse culture - sets up elaborate system on farm -Legend - bet - horses always portrayed as superman flying -camera sees what you can't see |
|
|
In the Studio
|
William Merrit Chase 1880
Chase: - becomes teacher, important -goes to Munich - studies with Duveneck - teaches Georgia O Keefe, Charles Derwin, Martin Schrmaberg, Mardsen Hartley - trying to look like upper class - but he is not -important to be on par with clientele -to make as an artist have to lean on the rich - photograph of hosue: all about accumulation -trying to show he's on par with upperclass IN THE STUDIO: - example of why he's popular -loose brushstrokes -all about pretense - relishing in it - cabinet, Frans Hals -sitter - an object just like the rest? -lookng @ book of prints - not any more indiviudalized than any other object -conspicous consumption |
|
|
Ironworkers Noontime
|
Thomas Anschutz 1880-1881
- best painting answers: now what? (immigration) -How is it American - real life almost - Journalism - not history painting - industry replaced nature - no one is really interacting - isolated - subltety - red, white & blue - poor guys - no shirts - conditions in factory really bad - isolation - immigration? could they relate/speak -does labor promote isolation? last thing you want to do is communicate - red vest - worker out of country - in city -Anschutz - studies under Eakins (interested in reality, human form) - irony: occupational portraits - democracy has made us slaves - this job is not going to help them - no rags to riches story for these guys -celebrates casualty of labor/industry -stronger your workers - bigger risk of strike,etc. - once they start to communicate - guy lifts arms - shaking chains - done with job? |
|
|
Madame X
|
John Singer Sargent -1883/1884
-Salon 1884 - got to make yourself equal with clients - maybe most famous painting WHY? -ex patriot -married to wealthy French baker -known for beauty - alleged affairs - lavender powder - wanting to stand out in public - captured prideful nature - not looking at viewer, haughty - all about pretence - showing off -gaudy nature of aesthetic movement - radiant skin - upper class - no need to work -great example of conspicous leisure - hers and his fame go up? Goal - but reaction (SCANDALOUS) ruined her reputation - he fled to London -she was painted multiple times - Sargent can make your name - youru face |
|
|
Daughters of Edward Daley Boit
|
1883 John Singer Sargent
- made a domestic moment sparkle - Henry James: "the sense it gives us as if assimilates secrets and instincts and knowledge of playing together" -kind of bridges gap - Japonisme/Japorisme - shallow space kimono vase - Velazquez influence - up close - series of brushstrokes - further away - all comes together -not overworked - unrefined |
|
|
The Life LIne
|
Winslow Homer 1884
-a rescue - Breeches Buoy - precarious, dangerous job - pitting man against nature - sublime -practically anonymous figures - women V. nature (always fainting) - viewere is in nature - men reminded women need help women's rights movement starting - are you able to be a lifeline? - a lot is left up to viewer |
|
|
The Artist's Wife and Setter Dog
|
Thomas Eakins, 1884-1889
-realism - double edged sword - young -very thin - deep marks in face - tired -tiring marriage to Eakins? shows up - gives you real moment - real scene - actual moment in time -Susan Macdowell Eakins - pupil of Eakins - 1899 - new portrait (older) real eyes |
|
|
The Strike
|
Robert Koehler 1886
-son of immigrants - knows industry personally - politically leans left - active in Socialist movement - based off Pittsburgh Strike, 1877 - two poles -real challenges -3 women in this work -guy trying to explain to wife - no choice -very tense - gilded age - art shows true nature of age - women play important role -close to home dramas - tell real stories - women & children are the innocent victims -sympathize with women - emotional weight - not only money * numbers - rough grave V nice stone - two worlds have to touch -show to/seen by wealthy factory owners |
|
|
The Biltmore House
|
Richard Morris Hunt, 1888-1895
-Ashville, NC -George Washington Vanderbilt - What style? French Chateau style - similarites between Chatue de Blois - 175.000 square feet - glittery surface of gilded age - french Chataeus built for kings - this for new royalty - interior - huge dining room - trying to replicate old money (flags, hads) -collecting a lot of stuff -books, tapestries, etc. |
|
|
Home of an Italian Ragpicker
|
Jacob Riis - 1888
-goes for emotional appeal - children always appeal for sympathy - ragpicker -goes around & collects old rags -alludes to Madonna/bible -Mary was also poor/lowly on donkey |
|
|
The Boating Party
|
Mary Cassatt - 1893,1894
-interest in maternal nature -see woman & child - place for motherhood w/new modern woman Cassatt: -the American impressionist -1869 - Monet & Renoir -foundations of impressionism -quick, oustide, raw form, don't blend brushstrokes, sketch is final work - 1869 - thinking along same lines -American woman - Philadelphia Portrays -woman, active in society -active & engaged in something -participating in Leisure |
|
|
Ghost Dance Dress
|
Unknown Arapaho 1890
-period of intense visual/materail production -physically protect you -Pan-Aerican symbols - crow, cross -beautifully done - art and function tied together for native Americans -Ghost Dance worries Anglo-Americans -Anglo America |
|
|
Eclogue
|
Kenyon Cox - 1890
-great example of academic art -more successful during his own time -figures - anatomy &statuary (clasccial) -Ecologue - petry wrriten all the way back to antiquity - pastoral idea |
|
|
Preparations for Dinner
|
J.T. Harwood 1890
Harwood: no real connection to church 1888 - went to Paris, married to Harriet Preparations for Dinner: -1st work of Utah artist shown in salon -why? window on a world dutch interior/genre interest in how others live beautifully painted @UMFA exquisitely painted |
|
|
Summer
|
Thomas William Dewing, 1890
-paints women over and over again -allegorical figures -allegories of leisure -elegant women, elongated proportions -ethereal, tonal , landscape -women hovering -AESTHETIC MOVEMENT -beautiful women -conspicous leisure |
|
|
Miss Amelia Van Buren
|
Thomas Eakins - 1891
-"annihilator of vanity" -former student of Eakins - pelvic question -would you ask Eakins for portrait? no not flattering, super-realistic - in age of vanity - gives you nothign -looks depressed or thoughtful - sense of melancholy -gray hair - not young or lively -light does not add to vanity - exposes her, washes her out - a lot of portraits Eakins does, rejected, sit in closets, etc. |
|
|
The Fox Hunt
|
Winslow Homer - 1893
-fox is protagonist -crows -symbol of death -what is fox hunting for? or is he being hunted? -crows(scavengers) keeping fox away from food -dog cat dog, Darwinian world - nature is enemy -not Aesop's fable -different moral @ play |
|
|
Boston Public Library
|
Charles McKim 1887-1895
-across from Trinity Church -Renaissance style - stately -building for the public -best example - conspicous building -perfectly outlined -symmetry -barrel vault - good example of America Beautiful Movement -inspired to study -idea of creating beauty - beauty permeates and fills us with love of higher learnign - better place than library - public learning for everyone - beauty permeates to every facet of society - arts -sculpture, Jon Singer Sargent - circular pediment - triumph of religion - Triumph of Christianity - mural only in Boston, not PC |
|
|
Robert Gould Shaw Memorial
|
Augustus Saint Gaudens 1897
-bronze -America's most important sculptor @ this time -RG Shaw: leads 1st African-American division in civil war - didn't have to lead, chose to -very rare for African -Americnas to fight, next to Anglo-Americans -Marching in & cut of scene - cinematic -figure above - allegorical - angel of death -most figures die - individualized portraits all different ages -very detailed -show still above/idealized -not an image of equals -KKK formed - 12/24/1865 -1897-tensions, stereotypes, still there -1896 - Plessy V Ferguson - "separate but equal" |
|
|
William Pinkham Ryder
|
Moonlight Cove 1900
-totally unique -unlike what we've seen -abstracted -mysterious quality -trying to find coherence -technically crappy -moonlight is heavy & mysterious -moonlight becomes important - shade of existance, real life - shown in 1913 armory show -unique -remarkably different -precursor color field painting |
|
|
The Wainwright Building
|
Sullivan and Alder, 1891
-"loftiness" -St. Louis, MO -pure function -"form ever follows function" -function -open, ambigous space - could be used by anyone -his own designs - moorish, Islamic architecture -Known in centers for creatin beautiful skyscrapers -balance of form & function - epitome |
|
|
Frederick Remington
|
Coming Through the Rye 1902
-most famous -drunken outlaws, shooting guns up -image of American West - Saloons, gun fights, OK Corrall - old America -few legs -skilled artist -easter vision of what west might have been Remington: -images for Harper's Weekly -Easterner -perpetuates myth of West -tells of White man's heroics in Western America -at this time crisis of masculine identity - masculinity bein attacked by Women's suffrage -masculinity idealized in West - man's man |
|
|
John Hafen
|
Girl Among the Hollyhocks 1902
-light, color -impressionsim -can't saw we don't have cultural heritage Hafen: -huge imporvement after Paris -atmospheric perspective -realistic -more engaging -lightyears |
