Amendments 11-27

Front 1

Amendment XI (11)

Back 1

Limits Lawsuits against states-The Eleventh Amendment was passed to overturn the Supreme Court ruling in 1793. No one can sue a state in federal court without the consent of the state concerned.

Front 2

Amendment XII (12)

Back 2

Revises the procedure for the Election of a President-The Twelfth Amendment introduced the system of presidential elections, the Electoral College. President and Vice President elections are on two different ballots. Each state legislature appointed as many electors for that state as there were senators plus representatives from that state combined.

Front 3

Amendment XIII (13)

Back 3

Abolition of Slavery- Formally abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865. The 13th amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War before the southern states had been restored to the union and should have easily passed the Congress.

Front 4

Amendment XIV (14)

Back 4

Defines Citizens Guarantees all citizens Equal Protection of the laws- United States citizenship is based on birthright. Birthright citizenship means that citizenship depends on where a person is born rather than who his or her parents are.

Front 5

Amendment XV (15)

Back 5

Prohibits restrictions on the right to vote based on race and color- The Fifteenth Amendment is the last of three amendments introduced in the wake of the Civil War. Racial voting qualifications are not allowed.

Front 6

Amendment XVI (16)

Back 6

Gives Congress the Power to levy an income tax- A capitation tax is of course automatically in proportion to population but income tax normally varies according to income, which prevents it from being proportional to population.

Income tax was first introduced in 1861 to pay for the Civil War.

Front 7

Amendment XVII (17)

Back 7

Enables voters to elect senators directly- The Senate of the United States will be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people for six years and each Senator will have one vote. The electors in each state will have the qualifications in the that electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures.

Front 8

Amendment XVIII (18)

Back 8

Prohibits making, drinking, or selling alcoholic beverages- After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation into, or the exportation from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction for beverage purposes is prohibited.

Front 9

Amendment XIX (19)

Back 9

Gives women the right to vote The right of citizens of the United States to vote can not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Congress will have power to enforce this article.

Front 10

Amendment XX (20)

Back 10

Changes the dates of congressional and presidential terms-The terms of the President and Vice President will end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified and the terms of their successors will then begin.

Front 11

Amendment XXI (21)

Back 11

Repeals Prohibition (18th amendment)-

This ammendment repeals the 18th amendment.

Front 12

Amendment XXII (22)

Back 12

Limits the President to 2 terms- No person can be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once.

Front 13

Amendment XXIII (23)

Back 13

Gives residents of Washington D.C. the right to vote- A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in no event more than the least populous state they will be in addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state and they can meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

Front 14

Amendment XXIV (24)

Back 14

Abolishes poll taxes- The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, can not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Front 15

Amendment XXV(25)

Back 15

Establishes procedure for succession to the presidency- In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President will become President.

Front 16

Amendment XXVI (26)

Back 16

Sets voting age at 18 years- The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, will not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.

Front 17

Amendment XXVII (27)

Back 17

Delays congressional pay raises until the term following the passage- No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, will take effect, until an election of Representatives will have intervened.