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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fashion _____________ |
Indicates the spirit of the time and Influences the spirit of the time |
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(3) By using the fashion cycle concept, a merchant is able to more accurately recognize the point at which markdowns should be taken. T or F. |
(3) True |
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The culmination stage of a fashion may be extended |
If a fashion becomes a classic and If changes in details are continually introduced |
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Which of the following is not a part of marketing? Buying, Selling, Sales promotion, Production, Research |
Production |
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Anyone who has tried to match colors soon discovers that a color that appears extremely bright in a shiny vinyl, satin, or high gloss enamel paint seems subdued in a rough wool, a suede, or a stucco wall finish (p. 49). Why this could be a problem? |
If a one-color outfit combines fabrics with different textures (e.g., shiny leather, wool tweed, and silk satin), it will be extremely difficult to have all colors match |
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A typical cycle for a fad is |
rapid rise, a brief culmination, and an even more rapid decline |
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in what stage of the fashion cycle would fashion innovators most likely be located |
Introduction stage |
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(2) A fashion trend cannot be reversed by using extensive promotions. T or F. |
(2) True |
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This designer is considered to be the father of haute couture fashion. (Q) |
Worth (A) |
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The era of the yuppie and conspicuous consumption (Q) |
1980s (A) |
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What decade was The hippie era; sexual revolution (Q) |
1960s (A) |
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Decade of the war, where there were restrictions on the use of fabrics. (Q) |
1940s (A) |
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Jazz era; first talking movies; and introduction of first Academy Awards (Q) |
1920s (A) |
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Fashion is influenced by the following (Q) |
Political events, Social events, Cultural events, Technological developments (A) |
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(T/D) What decade was the Gibson Girl |
Trend/designer: 1900s |
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(T/D) What decade was the Introduction of New Look by Christian Dior |
Trend/Designer: 1940s |
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(T/D) What decade was Minimalism, deconstruction, and avant-garde styles |
Trend/Designer: 1990s |
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(T/D) What decade did Japanese designers made their way into the high fashion |
Trend/Designer: 1980s |
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(T/D) What decade did Italian designers began to make their way into the fashion world |
Trend/Designer: 1950s |
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Little black dress is accredited to |
Chanel |
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(style) Introduction of stiletto heels was in the |
1950s (style) |
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(style) Bell-bottom pants and jeans |
1960s (style) |
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(style) Major fashion idea was the bigger, the better, including padded shoulders and hats |
1980s (style) |
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(style) Introduction of the little black dress ; beginning of new sportswear design |
1920s (style) |
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Evolution of fashion includes: |
Innovation and Imitation |
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According to an old saying, during times of economic prosperity, or when the stock market is on the rise, hemlines tend to |
go up |
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(1) A widespread recession generates increased fashion demand. T or F |
(1) False |
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(1) In their own way, styles recur in fashion acceptance, although never exactly as they were in the past because of differing environmental conditions. T or F |
(1) True |
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Forms of physical mobility include all but _________. Social mobility, Commute to work, Vacation travel, Change of residence, Shopping in a neighboring town |
Social mobility |
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(2) Psychographic studies help merchants determine the income of potential customers. |
(2) False |
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The more wealth and industry a country has, the less likely they are to wear...? |
Traditional and National Dress |
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Businesses need to understand their target markets in order to know ________ |
What they should produce / sellHow the goods / services should be pricedHow many people will be interested in their goods / servicesWhere and how to promote their goods /services |
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Does Inflation and recession have a direct affect on the inventory assortments and promotional activities of fashion merchants. |
Yes |
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In the last decades in the United States even though personal income has been increasing, purchasing power has been? |
Decreasing |
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What is the most significant income to fashion producers and marketers |
Discretionary income |
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Fashion interest and demand are far greater in some environments than in others. T or F (5) |
True (5) |
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The horizontal-flow theory of fashion adoption is dependent on |
The introduction of new styles to many social groups at approximately the same time |
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A good illustration for the theory is a widespread adoption of T-shirt would be... |
Trickle-up, or upward flow theory |
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This theory Explains that fashion trickles across a society and all social groups at the same time due to rapid mass communications and promotional efforts |
Horizontal flow theory |
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This theory Argues that rich people adopt fashion first and therefore influence lower classes in a society. |
Trickle-down, or downward flow theory |
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Textile manufacturers decide what fabrics to produce... |
18-24 months before apparel is available to consumers. |
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Buyers place their orders by selecting styles from designers/manufacturers lines... |
2 to 6 months before apparel is available to consumer. |
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Designers and manufacturers decide what samples to make for the upcoming season's line |
3 to 9 months before line is shown to buyers. |
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The upward-flow theory is illustrated by |
Coveralls, the uniform of the laborer, have become popular casual wear for teens in affluent neighborhoods |
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The difference between a fashion innovator and a fashion influential is |
he innovator is the first to try new styles; the influential is the person whose adoption of a new style gives it prestige among a group. |
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n successful fashion merchandising, designs that have consumer acceptance appear in the greatest volume in retail stores when the design is on the point on the fashion cycle |
Culmination |
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What size of discretionary income enables more people to purchase new things for their fashion appeal rather than just for their utility. |
Larger and more evenly distributed |
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Sumptuary laws, Habits and customs, Religion are things that... |
slow down changes in fashion trends |
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The fact that today fewer US designers and retailers attend European fashion shows can be explained by _______ theory. |
Upward flow |
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(three) cellulosic fibers |
Acetate, Rayon, Lyocell |
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_________ refers to any material that is made by weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, knotting, or chemical bonding. |
Textile Fabric |
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What fiber is strong, wrinkle-resistant, and durable |
Polyester |
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A fiber which is two or three times smaller than a human hair is a |
Micro fiber |
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Cellulosic manmade fibers come from |
natural fibers of plants |
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Noncellulosic manmade fibers come from |
petroleum, coal, natural gas & water |
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One who buys unfinished textile fabrics, contracts with outside firms for their finishing, and acts as his/her own selling agent for the finished goods is called |
A converter |
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Polyester is an example of a |
Generic term |
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Rayon went into production in 1910 being the first... |
Synthetic Fiber |
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New techniques for dyeing leather to produce a variety of fashion colors and for making leather washable have contributed to ________ demand for leather products. |
Increased |
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The most popular fur in the last ten years is |
Mink |
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All most all leather DOES NOT come from |
rare and exotic animals |
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Trappers and farmers/ranches... |
supply pelts for the industry |
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Fur manufacturing companies.... |
produce fur garments |
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Fur processing companies.... |
are involved in fur-dressing and fur-dyeing |
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What information on fur garment label is required by law in the US? |
Whether some parts were cut from used garments, Name of the animal, Types of fur processing, Animals country of origin |
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__________ involves raising and breeding of furbearing animals under controlled conditions, Almost all mink are ranched, It has resulted in exotic colors and markings in fur pelts, Pelts are sold directly to auction houses or through a broker |
Fur Farming |
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Which of the following firms process hides and skins to the specifications of other firms but is not involved in the final sale of the leather? |
Contract tanneries |
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A pelt is... |
the skin of a furbearing animal |
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What happened to many of the cities with fur trading posts in the United States? |
They grew into major cities |
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Production of fur garments DOES NOT lend itself to.... |
mass production techniques and large-scale operations. |
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The key disadvantage of the contract system of apparel production is lack of _________. |
quality control. |
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Designs that are too expensive to produce profitably are ____________, no matter how original and creative. |
Rejected |
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QR is a _____ system strategy. |
"pull" |
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_____________ computerized equipment is now common in most manufacturers' plants. It is known as computer-aided manufacturing or CAM. |
Stand-alone |
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Step 1 of Product Development |
forecasting trends and analyzing last selling season |
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Step 2 of Product Development |
designing individual garments |
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Step 3 of Product Development |
producing samples |
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Step 4 of Product Development |
sourcing garment components and, in some cases, apparel assembly |
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Step 5 of Product Development |
grading, cutting, and sewing garments |
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Step 6 of Product Development |
delivering garments to retail locations |
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Due to the changing industry, the amount of product development activities has been.... |
steadily increasing |
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It is typical for both _____________ and ___________ to be involved in product development. |
manufactures and retailers |
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Product development usually includes ________ and _________ research. |
market and trends |
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Bar codes have become an important factor in the success of Quick Response. Which of the following is the bar code system for automatic identification at retail and cash registers? |
UPC |
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Brand extension is a common technique in consumer goods marketing. It is a strategy ___________. |
in which a company uses a successful brand name to launch new or modified products |
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One advantage of the contractor system for the manufacturer is that.... |
Large amounts of capital are not required for investment in sewing equipment. |
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What are the responsibilities of a creative designer in a large company? |
Development of inspiration or mood board, Copying or knocking off styles, Creating new and original styles |
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Development of patterns, Developing instructions on how a garment should be produced, Evaluation of garment fit, Development of patterns are all responsibilities of what occupation? |
technical designer |
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A designer can develop a new line by either creating new original designs, or by... |
knocking off designs from other companies lines. |
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It is important for firms to offer consistent ______ across different styles, seasons, and product lines |
sizing |
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________ _________ summarizes the main idea for new line/collection and proposes colors, textures, and overall visual direction |
Inspiration board |
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What establishes a companies standard for fit? |
a Sloper |
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What fabric is more challenging to design and produce? |
Fabrics with large print |
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Conceptualizing the look of the line, Choosing fabrics, Deciding on colors and styling are responsibilities of what occupation? |
a creative designer |
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Which is an advantage of draping? |
Can see garment as it is developed |
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________ are used for fitting a two-dimensional material to three-dimensional human body. |
Darts |
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Quality of materials used, Quality of workmanship, and Amount and type of labor required are... |
Major factors that contribute to the wholesale price of a garment |
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Women s apparel industry has not yet adopted... |
standard clothing sizes |
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Among the forms of publicity used by apparel firms are.... |
Supplying famous athletes and other celebrities with clothing, Mounting fashion shows for retailers and the press, Issuing press releases about new fashion offerings, Mounting trunk shows |
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What contributes to the increased competition in apparel and retail industries? |
Introduction of factory outlet stores and malls, Development of private labels by retailers, The growth of off-price stores such as TJ Maxx, Marshalls, etc. and Designers introducing multiple lines in different price zones |
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Some manufacturers have started to retail their clothing because |
They want greater control over selling, service, space, and presentation |
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The mass production of clothing began |
After the Civil War |
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What are some developments in special sizes apparel sales? |
Manufacturers of regular sizes are offering lines designed for larger- and smaller-sized women, Some department stores have gone into special-sizes retailing, Large size clothes are now being fashionably styled, and Pregnant working women have created increased demand for maternity apparel |
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The six divisions of the women's apparel industry based on price of merchandise are called |
Budget, Moderate, Better, Bridge, Contemporary, Designer |
