Am History Chapter 16 17

Front 1

Joseph Stalin

Back 1

leader of Soviet Union who abolished all privately-owned farms in hopes of boosting the country's economy.

Front 2

totalitarianism

Back 2

rule that removes all rights from its citizens

Front 3

Benito Mussolini

Back 3

established totalitarianism regime in Italy

Front 4

fascism

Back 4

places the interests of the state ahead of those of the individuals

Front 5

Adolf Hitler

Back 5

came to power as chancellor in Germany in 1933, created fascist regime, led Germany to conquer most of western Europe

Front 6

Mein Kampf

Back 6

book written by Adolf Hitler

Front 7

nazism

Back 7

German form of fascism, much more extreme

Front 8

Third Reich

Back 8

another name for Nazi Germany

Front 9

Francisco Franco

Back 9

Spanish general, led Spanish rebellion

Front 10

Neutrality Acts

Back 10

acts passed in an attempt to keep the U.S. out of future wars

Front 11

"Quarantine Speech"

Back 11

speech delivered by Roosevelt to keep aggressor nations out of war

Front 12

first two areas annexed by Germany

Back 12

Austria and Czechoslovakia

Front 13

Neville Chamberlain

Back 13

British Prime Minister, quickly gave Hitler Sudetenland to avoid conflict

Front 14

Munich Agreement (1938)

Back 14

agreement in which Germany obtained Sudetenland

Front 15

Winston Churchill

Back 15

Chamberlain's rival in Great Britain

Front 16

Appeasement

Back 16

giving up principles to pacify an aggressor

Front 17

Nonaggression Pact (1939)

Back 17

commitment between Germany and Russia to not attack each other

Front 18

Blitzkrieg

Back 18

"lightning war"

Front 19

September 1, 1939

Back 19

day in which Germany invaded Poland

Front 20

September 3, 1939

Back 20

day in which France and Britain declared war on Germany

Front 21

Charles de Gaulle

Back 21

French general, fled to England to set up a government-in-exile

Front 22

Battle of Britain

Back 22

battle in which Germany pounded Britain with air raids for two solid months

Front 23

Schutzstaffel

Back 23

"security squadron"

Front 24

Holocaust

Back 24

systematic murder of 6 million Jews and 5 million others

Front 25

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

Back 25

Laws that stripped Jews of their citizenship, rights, and property

Front 26

Kristallnacht (1938)

Back 26

"Night of Broken Glass", Germans raided and destroyed countless Jewish residences

Front 27

St. Louis Incident

Back 27

situation in which a German liner was forced to return to Europe, denying immigration in the U.S. to many with legal papers

Front 28

genocide

Back 28

systematic killing of an entire population

Front 29

"Final Solution" target groups

Back 29

Political enemies, Homosexuals, Gypsies, Freemasons, and Jehovah's Witnesses, in addition to Jews

Front 30

Ghettos

Back 30

segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities

Front 31

concentration camps

Back 31

camps intended to house "inferiors" to be used for intense labor

Front 32

death camps

Back 32

camps in which victims would be paraded by the thousands to a number of cruel deaths

Front 33

Righteous Gentiles

Back 33

an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis

Front 34

cash and carry (1939)

Back 34

a policy that allowed foreign countries to purchase American arms on the condition that they would pay in cash and could transport the arms using their own ships

Front 35

Axis Powers

Back 35

alliance consisting of Germany, Italy, and Japan

Front 36

Tripartite Pact (1940)

Back 36

mutual defense treaty among the Axis Powers

Front 37

Selective Service and Training Act

Back 37

the U.S.'s only peacetime military draft ever conducted, 16 million men were registered, one million were drafted for a year

Front 38

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

Back 38

policy that would lend arms to "any country whose defense was vital to the United States"

Front 39

Atlantic Charter (1941)

Back 39

a joint declaration of war aims

Front 40

Allies

Back 40

alliance consisting of the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France

Front 41

Hideki Tojo

Back 41

leader of Japan, led attack on U.S.

Front 42

U.S. oil embargo

Back 42

the U.S.'s decision to withhold oil from Japan, a necessary resource

Front 43

Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)

Back 43

site of a Japanese surprise attack that brought the States into war

Front 44

George Marshall

Back 44

supported the formation of a Women's Army Corps (WAC)

Front 45

Women's Army Corps (WAC)

Back 45

program that allowed women to enlist in noncombat positions, earn status, salary, and benefits (came later)

Front 46

A. Philip Randolph

Back 46

protested military segregation in WWII

Front 47

Manhattan Project

Back 47

code name for the project to build an atomic bomb

Front 48

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

Back 48

froze the price of goods, rose taxes significantly

Front 49

War Production Board (WPB)

Back 49

decided which companies would convert to making wartime goods

Front 50

rationing

Back 50

dividing resources evenly among a population during a time of scarcity

Front 51

Battle of the Atlantic

Back 51

battle in the Atlantic Ocean that was intended to block supplies from reaching Britain and the Soviet Union

Front 52

Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943)

Back 52

battle in which a near German victory turned into a long struggle, ending in Soviet triumph

Front 53

Operation Torch (1942-1943)

Back 53

an invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa

Front 54

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 54

U.S. general, led Operation Torch

Front 55

Erwin Rommel

Back 55

famous German general, conspired to kill Hitler, killed himself in assurance his wife and son would be spared

Front 56

Tuskegee Airmen

Back 56

first African-American pilot regiment trained at the Tuskegee Institute

Front 57

D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Back 57

day of U.S. invasion on the beaches of Normandy, France, the largest war operation ever

Front 58

Omar Bradley

Back 58

unleashed massive land and air bombardment against the enemy

Front 59

George Patton

Back 59

general who led his army to recapture France all the way to the Seine River

Front 60

Battle of the Bulge (1944)

Back 60

battle in which Germany hoped to situate themselves between American and British forces, thus separating and weakening the enemy