Am Hist Ch 14 15

Front 1

McNary-Haugen Bill (price support)

Back 1

called for federal price supports of key products such as wheat, corn, cotton and tobaco. Government would buy surplus crops at guaranteed prices and sell them on the world market.

Front 2

Alfred E. Smith

Back 2

Democrat Smith ran agains Repub. Herbert Hoover in the election of 1928.

Front 3

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Back 3

most widely used barometer of stock market's health. The Dow is a measure based on the stock prices of 30 representative large firms trading on the NYSE

Front 4

speculation

Back 4

people bought stocks and abonds on the chance of a quick profit,ignoring the risks.

Front 5

buying on margin

Back 5

paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest.

Front 6

Bull Market

Back 6

increasing investor confidence and increased investing in anticipation of future price increases

Front 7

Bear Market

Back 7

general decline of the stock market over a period of time.

Front 8

Black Tuesday,

Back 8

on Oct. 29th, the bottom fell out of the market and the nation's confidence.

Front 9

New York Stock Exchange

Back 9

opened in 1792, it is the premier marketplace for the buying and selling of stocks.

Front 10

List six causes of Great Depression

Back 10

1.tariffs and war debt policies2. crisis in the farm sector. 3. availability of easy credit 4. unequal distribution of income.5. federal govermment kept interest rates low.6. some of this borrowed money was used to buy the stocks that later led to the crash.

Front 11

Shantytown - Hoovervilles

Back 11

little towns consisting of shacks of rusted out car bodies, orange crates, a piano box. Hoovervilles were named after H. Hoover

Front 12

Soup kitchen

Back 12

offered free or low cost food.

Front 13

Bread line

Back 13

lines of people waiting to receive food provided by charitable organizations or public agencies.

Front 14

Dust Bowl

Back 14

drought that began in 1930's hit the hardest if Kansas, Oklahome, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado aka the Dust Bowl.

Front 15

Oakies

Back 15

plagued by drought, thousands of farmers and sharecroppers left their farms behind. Found work as famrhands or continued to wander. Migrated to CA & Pacific Coast.

Front 16

Hoboes

Back 16

transient men who who wandered the country, hitching rides on railroad boscars and sleeping under bridges. Thomas Wolfe wrote "You Can"t Go Home Again" about hoboes.

Front 17

Boulder (Hoover) Dam

Back 17

world's tallest dam and second largest. Provided electricity and flood control, regular water supply which enable the growth of CA's massive agricultural economy.

Front 18

Federal Home Loan Bank Acat

Back 18

Hoover signed it in 1932, lowered mortgaghe rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance ther farm loans and avoid foreclosure.

Front 19

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Back 19

Congress approved in 1932, authorizing up to $2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads, and other large businesses.

Front 20

Bonus Army

Back 20

spring of 1932, between 10,000 and 20,000 World War 1 Veterans and their families arrived in Washington, d.C., from various parts of the country. Bonus Expeditionary Force

Front 21

Direct Relief

Back 21

cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor

Front 22

"Wild Boys"

Back 22

teenage boys and some girls that roamed the country in freight trains in search of work

Front 23

Hoover Tourist

Back 23

parents of "wild boys", wanted to tour America for free

Front 24

credit and installment plan

Back 24

credit - an arrangement in which consumers agreed to buy now and pay later for purchases. Installment plan - monthly payments that included interest charges.

Front 25

Herbert fHoover

Back 25

an engineer, put freat faith in the power of reasonl a humanitarian.

Front 26

List five of Hoover's beliefs

Back 26

1. Government could play a limited role in helping to solve problems. 2. One of t\government's chief functions was to foster cooperation between competing groups and interests in society.3. Opposed any form of welfar, or direct relief to the needy. 4. backed the Reconstruction Finance Corp. = believed money would trickle down to the averagte citizen through job growth and higher wages.

Front 27

Federal Farm Board

Back 27

an organization of farm cooperatives. It was intended tor aise crop prices by helping members buy crops and keep them off the market temporarily until prices rose.

Front 28

National Credit Corporation

Back 28

loaned money to smaller banks, which helped them stave off bankruptcy.

Front 29

General Douglas MacArthur

Back 29

commanded U.S. forces in WWII and the United Nations forces during the Korean War. Was asked to run for president. He declined.

Front 30

Major Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 30

5 star general in the army in WWII, Supreme Commander of NATO and the Allied Forces in Europe. Served 2 terms as president.

Front 31

Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882-1945

Back 31

FDR, 2 term governor of New York and distant cousin of Teddy Roosevelt, proved to an effective, reform minded leader, working to combat the problems of poverty and unemployment, can do attituded , air of friendliness and confidence. Had polio and paralyzed from waist down.

Front 32

Eleanor Roosevelt 1884-1962

Back 32

Niece of Teddy Roosevelt, distant cousin fo FDR, urged president to take stands on controversial issues. popular public speaker, interested in child welfare, housing reform, and equal rights for women and minorities, presented booklets on human rights to U.N. 1958.

Front 33

New Deal

Back 33

policies focused on 3 things: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.

Front 34

Fireside Chat

Back 34

informal radio talks by FDR about issues of public concer, explaining in clear, simple language his New Deal measures.

Front 35

Glass-Steagall Act

Back 35

reorganize the banking system fy passing this act of 1933 which established teh Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Provided federal insurance for individual accounts of up to $5,000.

Front 36

Federal Securities Act

Back 36

passed in May, 1933, required corporations to provide complex information on all stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentations.

Front 37

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Back 37

sought to raise crop prices by lowering production, which the government achieaved by paying farmers to leave a caertain amount of every acre of land unseeded.

Front 38

Hundred Days

Back 38

Period of intense activity launched by Roosevelt administration - passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation.

Front 39

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Back 39

ambitious program of regional development, renovated five existing dams and constructed 20 new ones, in Tennesse River Valley, created thousands of jobs, and provided flood control, hydroelectric power, and other benefits.

Front 40

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Back 40

put young men ages 18 to 25 to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in soil-erosion and flood-control projects.. Paid $30 per monts of which $25 was sent directly home to worker's family.

Front 41

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Back 41

provided money tostates tocreate jobs chiefly in the construction of schools and other community buildings.

Front 42

Deficit Spending

Back 42

spending more money than the government receives in revenue

Front 43

John Maynard Keynes

Back 43

British economist, promoted the idea of deficit spending to stimulate economic recovery.

Front 44

"Court-packing bill"

Back 44

FDR proposed in Feb 1937 that Congress enact a court-reform bill to reorgaz\nize the federal judiciary and allow him to appoint six new Supreme Court justices.

Front 45

Father Charles Coughlin

Back 45

Critic of the president: a Roman Catholic priest from South Detroit, broadcast sermons that economic, political, and reliqius ideas. Previously a support of FDT, he turned on him. Previous support of New Deal.

Front 46

Dr. Francis Townsend

Back 46

critic of FDR: a physician and health officer in Long Beach, CA, devised a pension plan that would provide monthly benefits to the aged. Previous support of New Deal.

Front 47

Huey Long (Share-Our-Wealth)

Back 47

Senator of Louisiana, wanted to win presidency for himself, proposed a nationwide social program called Share-Our-Wealth, promised something for everyone. Previous support of New Deal.

Front 48

Dorothea Lange - Migrant Mother

Back 48

a photographer who documented American life during the Great Depressiona and the era of the New Deal

Front 49

Farm Security Administration (FSA)

Back 49

replaced the Resettlement Administraion. loaned more than $1 billion to help tenant farmers become landholders and established camps for migrant farm workers.

Front 50

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Back 50

part of the second New Deal, Roosevelt administration aand Contress set up a series of programs to help youths, professionals and other workers, to create as many jobs as possible as quickly as possible.

Front 51

National Youth Administration (NYA)

Back 51

created specifically to provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation, provided student aid to hight school, college, and graduate studes in exchange for part time work in positions in their schools.

Front 52

Wagner Act (NLRA)

Back 52

reestablished teh NIRA provision of collective bargaining.

Front 53

Page 500

Back 53

New Deal Programs timeline on page 500. Employment projects, Business Assistance and Reform, Farm Relief and Rural Development, Housing, Labor Relations, Retirement.

Front 54

Social Security Act (SSA)

Back 54

passed in 1935, 3 major parts: old age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses, unemployment compensation system, aid to families with dependent children and people with disabilities.

Front 55

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

Back 55

financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas. Initally only 12.6% of American farms had electricity, 48%by 1945, 90% by 1949.

Front 56

Frances Perkins

Back 56

pioneer for labor and women's issues, changed her name from Fannie to Frances believing she would be taken more seriously in her work.

Front 57

Mary McLeod Bethun

Back 57

educator who dedicated herself to promoting opportunities for youn African americans, headed the Division of Negro Affairs of National Youth Administration, helped organize a "Black Cabinet" of influential African Americans to advise the Roosevelt administration on racial issues.

Front 58

"Black Cabinet"

Back 58

influential African Americans that advised the Roosevelt administration on racial issues. Among them were William H. Hastie and Robert c. Weaver, both appointees to Roosevelt's Department of Interior.

Front 59

John Collier

Back 59

appointed as commissioner of Indian affairs, helped create the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.

Front 60

Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)

Back 60

helped to restore some reservations lands to tribal ownership. The act mandated changes in 3 areas: economic-Native American lands would belong to an entire tribe, cultural-number of boarding schools for Native American children was reduced and they could attend school on the reservations, political-tribes were given permission to elect tribal councils to govern their reservations.

Front 61

New Deal coalition

Back 61

an alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party. Included southern whites, various urban groups, African Americans, and unionized industrial which resulted in Democrats dominating politics in the 1930'sd and 1940's.

Front 62

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Back 62

John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers of America and David Dubinsky of the International Ladies Garment Workes formed the Committee for Industrial Organization to organize industrial unions. Was expelled from the AFL jand changed its name to the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

Front 63

Gone With the Wind

Back 63

drama about life among Souther plantations owners during the Civil war. Offered excape from the hard realities of the Depression.

Front 64

The Wizard of Oz

Back 64

Offered excape from the hard realities of the Depression. Disney.

Front 65

Snow White and hte Seven Dwarts

Back 65

Offered excape from the hard realities of the Depression. Disney.

Front 66

Orson Wells - The War of the Worlds

Back 66

one of the most renowned radio broadcasts of all times, revealing the power of radio at a time when Americans received fast-breaking news over the airwaves.

Front 67

Bob Hope

Back 67

Comedian on radio, television, movies, played for the troops

Front 68

Jack Benny

Back 68

Comedian on radio, television and movies

Front 69

Hindenberg

Back 69

one of the first worldwide radio broadcasts described for listeners the horrific crash of a German Zeppelin in New Jersey on May 6, 1937.

Front 70

Grant Wood - American Gothic

Back 70

American painter whose work includes the famous painting American Gothic.

Front 71

Woody Guthrie

Back 71

singer and songwriter who used music to capture the hardships of America.. Traveled the country in search of brighter opportunities, and told of his troublers in his songs.

Front 72

Richard Wright - Native Son

Back 72

an african american author supported by a WPA program, the Federal Writers' Program. His novel "Native Son" is about a young man trying to survive in a racist world.

Front 73

Zora Neale Hurston - Their Eyes Were Watching God

Back 73

with FWP assistance, she wrote "Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) which is about a young woman growing up in rural Florida.

Front 74

John Steinbeck - The Grapes of Wrath

Back 74

supported by FWP, he published his epic novel in 1929 revealing the lives of oklahomans who left the Dust Bowl and ended up in California, where their hardships continued.

Front 75

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Back 75

the federal government established the FDIC to regulate banking and investment activities.

Front 76

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Back 76

the federal government also established the SEC to regulate banking and investment activities.

Front 77

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Back 77

the Wagner Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act, set standards for wages and hours, banned child labor, and ensured the right of workes to organize and to bargain collecatively with employers. NLRB created under the Wagner Act, continues to act as a mediator in labor disputes between unions and employers.

Front 78

Parity

Back 78

the value of loans made to farmers were determined by the amount of a farmer;s surplus crops and the parity price, a rpice intended to keep farmer's income steady. Establishing agricultural price supports seta a precedent of federal aid to farmers that continued into the 2000's.

Front 79

NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp.

Back 79

a United States Supreme Court case that declared that the National Labor Relations Act was constitutional. Jones and Laughlin were charged with discrimination against women and against workers who wanted to join a union.

Front 80

Sit-down strike

Back 80

instead of walking off their jobs, workers remained inside their plants, but they did not work. This prevented the factory owners from carrying on production with strikebreakers, or scabs.