Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
α-metirosine
|
R:Enzyme inhibitor//T:Phaeochromocytoma//ACT:blocks: Tyrosine → Levo DOPA. Stops A/NA overproduction by Adr medulla
|
|
Carbidopa/ benserazide
|
R:Enyme inhibitor//T:Parkinsons//ACT:blocks: Levo DOPA → Dopamine (periphery). Allows L-DOPA to cross BBB + Dopamine to brain
|
|
Cocaine
|
R://T:Antidepressant//ACT:Inhibits Uptake 1 in pre-synaptic varicosity
|
|
tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine)
|
R://T:Antidepressant//ACT:Inhibits Uptake 1 in pre-synaptic varicosity. CNS.
|
|
isocarboxazid/phenelzine/ tranylcypromine
|
R://T:Antidepressant//ACT:Monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Causes reversed uptake. CNS antidepressants.
|
|
Moclobemide
|
R://T:Antidepressant//ACT:Monoamine oxidase inhibitor. CNS antidepressants.
|
|
Ephedrine
|
R://T:reverse hypotension. Nasal decongestant //ACT:Displacing agent. Competes for uptake 1/vesicular uptake. - reverse uptake. ↑NA postsynaptic. Vasoconstiction. Decreased nasal oedema
|
|
pseudoephedrine
|
R://T:Nasal decongestant//ACT:Displacing agent.
|
|
(met)amfetamine/ecstacy (MDMA)/ Tyramine (food)
|
R://T://ACT:Displacing agents. Noradrenergic transmission in CNS and PNS.
|
|
Methyldopa
|
R:presynaptic α2. very weak α1 agonist.//T:last resort antihypertensive //ACT:Conversion to CH3-NA. α2 activation ↓ NA release. Sympatholytic effects. Activates a2 in medulla reducing basal sympathetic drive (action potentials)
|
|
Adrenaline
|
R:β1/α1/β2//T:CPResuscitation//ACT:↑heart rate + contraction/reverses vasodilation/brochodilation
|
|
Phenylephrine/xlometazoline/oxymetazoline
|
R:α1 agonst//T:Nasal decongestant//ACT:Vasoconstriction in the nose. Decrease of Oedema.
|
|
Phenylephrine/metaraminol
|
R:α1 agonst//T:emergency hypotension//ACT:Vasoconstriction
|
|
Phenylephrine
|
R:α1 agonst//T:To give mydriasis//ACT:Contraction of radial smooth muscle of eye - eye widening
|
|
Clonidine/Moxonidine/ methyldopa
|
R:α2 agonst//T:Hypertension//ACT:mainly centrally mediated ↓ SNS output to CVS. Clonidine for migrane.
|
|
Isoprenaline
|
R:β agonist//T:Bradycardia. Heart blaock (β1)//ACT:
|
|
Dobutamine
|
R:β1>β2//T:Cardiac infarction/surgery/shock//ACT:
|
|
Dopamine
|
R:β1>β2//T:Cardiogenic shock //ACT:Indirect NA release
|
|
Salbutamol/Terbutaline
|
R:β2 agonist//T:Asthma. Delay labour//ACT:bronchodilation. Relaxation of uterine muscle.
|
|
Prazosin
|
R:α1 antagonist//T:Hypertension. Raynauds. Urinary retention.//ACT:Blocks a1 in vascular smooth muscle. Blocks a1 in internal sphincter of bladder reducing contraction.
|
|
Propanalol/atenolol
|
R:β antagonist//T:Angina/arrhythmias/infarction/congestive heart failure//ACT:Also treats glaucoma inhibiting production of aqueous humour. Atenolol is β1 selective.
|
|
Hemicholinium
|
R://T://ACT:Blocks Na coupled Choline uptake to presynaptic varicosity
|
|
Vesamicol
|
R://T://ACT:Block ACh transport to vesicle in presynaptic varicosity
|
|
Botulinum/α-latrotoxin/β-bugarotoxin
|
R://T://ACT:Block ACh containing vesicle exocytosis in presynaptic varicosity. Botulinum - excessive saliva/facial wrinkles. A-latrotoxin = initial release + depletion. |
|
Bethanechol
|
R:M agonist//T:Urinary retention//ACT:contracts bladder smooth muscle (M3)
|
|
Pilocarpine/ cevimeline(M3 selective)
|
R:M agonist//T:Glaucoma. Xerohpthalmia. Xerostomia //ACT:Drainage channels for aqueous humour (M3 Ciliary muscles). Increased secretion (M3)
|
|
Anticholinesterases
|
R://T://ACT:Main effects on NMJ (relax). Parasympathomimetic - Bradycardia. Hypotension. Secretion. Broncho/pupil constriction.
|
|
Atropine (General muscarinic antagonist)
|
R:Non selective parasympatholytic//T://ACT:Counteract anticholinesterases and (with aAChE) reverse non depolarising blockers. Overcome bradycardia (heart M2). Antispasmodic (IBS) (GI M3)
|
|
Hyoscine (scopolamine)
|
R:M3 antagonist//T:Motion Sickness//ACT:Inhibits M3Rs in CNS
|
|
Dicycloverine
|
R:M antagonist//T:IBS//ACT:Inhibits GI M3 receptors
|
|
Ipratropim
|
R:M antagonist//T:Asthma//ACT:Inhibits lung M3Rs causing bronchodilation
|
|
Tropicamide cyclopentaolate
|
R:M antagonist//T:Eye Drops to cause mydriasis//ACT:inhibits circular muscle M3Rs.
|
|
Glycopyrronium
|
R:M antagonist//T:Excessive perspiration//ACT:Inhibits M3Rs in thermoregulatory sweat glands.
|
|
Tolterodine/Darifenacin (M3 selective)
|
R:M antagonist//T:Urinary incontinence//ACT:Inhibits M3Rs in detrusor smooth muscle of bladder
|
|
Procaine/Lignocaine
|
R://T:Local Anaesthetic //ACT:Blocks Na channels. Blocks Firing of AP along sensory nerve.
|
|
Articaine (septanest)
|
R://T:Local Anaesthetic //ACT:Blocks Na channels. Used with Adrenaline
|
|
Mepivcaine (scandonest)
|
R://T:Local Anaesthetic //ACT:Blocks Na channels.
|
|
Botulinum/tetanus toxins + Hemicholinium
|
R://T://ACT:Presynamptic acting drugs. Reduce ACh in synaptic cleft.
|
|
Tubocurarine (curare)
|
R:Non dep blocker (comp antagonist)//T://ACT:Prevents summation to sufficent EPP. Flaccid paralysis - eye/facial/limbs/pharynx/respiratory.anti- AChE reverses.
|
|
Pancuronium
|
R:Non dep blocker (c.a)//T://ACT: (-) Also blocks PSNS ganglionic nAChR
|
|
Gallamine
|
R:Non dep blocker (c.a)//T://ACT:-
|
|
Cistatracurium
|
R:Non dep blocker (c.a)//T://ACT:-
|
|
Vecuronium
|
R:Non dep blocker (c.a)//T://ACT:-
|
|
Suxamethonium
|
R:Depolarising blocker//T:mm relaxant (surgery)//ACT:Binds to and desensitises nAChR. Causes initial fasciculations. Hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterase.
|
|
Edrophonium
|
R:anticholinesterase //T:MG Diagnosis//ACT:Does not cross BBB
|
|
Neostigmine
|
R:anticholinesterase //T:MG treatment//ACT:Does not cross BBB. Used to reverse non-depolarising block
|
|
Pyridostigmine
|
R:anticholinesterase //T:MG treatment//ACT:NMJ>PSNS. Does not cross BBB.
|
|
Distigmine
|
R:anticholinesterase //T:Bladder emptying//ACT:Crosses BBB
|
|
Dyflos
|
R:anticholinesterase //T:Chemical warfare//ACT:Irreversible. Organophosphate. Crosses BBB.
|
|
Parathion/Malathion
|
R:anticholinesterase //T:Insectcicide//ACT:Organophosphate. Crosses BBB.
|
|
Pralidoxime
|
R:anti-AChE antidote//T://ACT:More reactive to phosphate group than acetylcholinesterase.
|
|
Lovastatin/atorvastatin (statins)
|
R:MHG CoA reductase inhibitor//T:Artherosclerosis prevention//ACT:↓Liver cholesterol synth. Increase (V)LDL R expression = decreased blood LDL. Compensatory ↑HDL. ↑HDL/LDL ratio.
|
|
bazafibrate/ciprofibrate (fibrates)
|
R:PPAR-α R agonist//T:Hypercholesterolemia//ACT:↑β-oxidation in liver. ↓hepatic triglyceride secretion. ↑LPL activity (VLDL clearance). ↑HDL
|
|
Cholestipol/ Cholestyramine
|
R://T://ACT:Bind bile acid in gut (↑loss). ↓Bile recirculation. ↑bile synthesis. ↓liver cholesterol. ↑LDL R expression.
|
|
Nitrates
|
R://T:Angina//ACT:NO (EDRF). ↓Preload/afterload - ↓Heart work at the expense of some BP. ↑Coronary vasodilation/collateral flow. Anti platelet/thrombosis
|
|
Propanolol/atenolol/ carvedilol (β-Blockers)
|
R:β1+2/β1 selective/also blocks α1//T:Chronic stable angina//ACT:Reduce mycardial O2 demand. Carvedilol also improves coroonary perfusion.
|
|
Phenylalkylamines (verapamil)
|
R:L type VGCC (heart)//T:Angina//ACT:Blocks Ca channels. Coronary artery vasodilation. Reduce O2 demand of the heart. Quite heart selective.
|
|
Dihydropedines (nifidipine)
|
R:L type VGCC (mainly vasculature)//T:Hypertension//ACT:reduces Ca flow to smooth muscle. Reduces vasoconstriction
|
|
Benzothiazepine (diltiazem)
|
R:L type VGCC//T:moderate angina/ moderate hypertension//ACT:intermediate effect of dihydropedines and phenylalkylamines. Can treat mild forms of both
|
|
Aspirin
|
R:COX//T:NSAID. Recuces risk of second heart attack//ACT:Inhibits thromboxane production via COX - antiplatelet effect. Low dose only affects COX in platelets, not endothelium.
|
|
Ranolazine
|
R:Na+ channel//T:Cardiac dysfunction following ischemia//ACT:Blocks late entry of Na+ - reduces excitability of heart. ↓angina in those with CA disease. Exercise tolerance for those on atenolol/diltiazem. ↑QT
|
|
Thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide/ chlorthalidone)
|
R:Na+Cl- symporter (DCT)//T:Hypertension//ACT:Diuresis at CD following ↑Na+ and causing ↑K+loss. ↓uric acid/Mg/Ca excretion. Also direct vasodilator action.
|
|
Dihydropyridines (nefedipine/amlodipine)
|
R:VGCC blocker//T:Hypertension//ACT:Reduces peripheral resistance/filling pressure
|
|
Prazosin/Doxazosin
|
R:a1 blocker//T:Hypertension//ACT:antagonise effect of noradrenaline at a1 receptors
|
|
ACE inhibitors (Captopril/ Enalapril)
|
R:ACE//T:Hypertension//ACT:Anti Angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor/Na retention [actions blocked]) fast effect. Slow effect to block thirst - control of blood volume
|
|
Ang II blocker (Losartan)
|
R:AT1 receptor block//T:Hypertension//ACT:Similar to ACE inhibitors but blocks receptors rather than synthesis
|
|
K+ activators (Minoxidil/ Pinacidil)
|
R:K+ channels (smooth muscle cells)//T:Hypertension//ACT: K+ hyperpolariases the cell. Calcium entry is inhibited (dependent on membrane potential)
|
|
Ganglion Blockers (guanadrel)
|
R:Peripheral adrenergic neuron//T:Uncontrollable Hypertension//ACT:substitutes for NA in uptake 1. reduces SNS neurotransmission.
|
|
α-methylydopa
|
R://T:Hypertension not responsive to modern treatment//ACT:Converted to methyl-NA. not metabolised by MAO. Displaces NA in synaptic vesicles. Reduces renin secretion (β1 effect in Kidney). Reduces Ang II
|
|
Class Ia (quinidine)
|
R:Na+ channel blocker (moderate)//T:Ventricular arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation.//ACT:↑ AP duration/Effective refractory period. Moderate ↓ phase 0. Self targets active area (use dependent). Slows phase 4 (lower Na+ic)
|
|
Class Ib (Lignocaine)
|
R:Na+ channel blocker (weak)//T:After or during a MI. ventricular tachycardia//ACT:↓ APD. Small decrease in phase 0. Increases ERP (not common for Ib). Decrease conduction (especially ischemic tissue). Suppress automacity.
|
|
Class Ic (Flecainide)
|
R:Na+ channel blocker (strong) //T:WPW syndrome. Post MI. Tachyarrhythmias. //ACT:↓Phase 0. minimal APD effect. ↑ ERP. Also inhibits SR release channels. Suppress automacity.
|
|
Class II (Atenolol)
|
R:β-blockers //T:Supraventricular tachycardia. ↑ Post MI survival.//ACT:Decrease SNS drive to heart. ↑ERP/APD. Decrease SAN/AVN conduction.
|
|
Class III (Amiodarone)
|
R:K+ channel blocker //T:WPW syndrome. V tachycardia. A fibrillation.//ACT:Increase K+ic. Prolongs ERP. Less haemodynamic depression than II.
|
|
Class III (Solatol)
|
R:K+ channel blocker //T://ACT:
|
|
Class III Bretylium
|
R:K+ channel blocker //T://ACT:
|
|
Class IV (Verapamil)
|
R:Ca2+ channel blocker (AVN)//T:Supraventricular tachycardia. Atrial fibrilation. //ACT:Blovks AVN (Ca dependent) ↓conduction velocity. Reduces O2 demand. Blocks atrial fibrilation by reducing ventricular work.
|
|
Class IV (Nifedipine)
|
R:Ca2+ channel blocker (Vasculature)//T:Hypertension//ACT:Acts on smooth muscle
|
|
Class IV (Diltiazem)
|
R:Ca2+ channel blocker (cadiac/vasculature)//T://ACT:Intermediat action of Verapamil + Diltiazem
|
|
Physiological (Mg2+)
|
R://T:Ventricular arrhythmia (ischemic cells) especially is there is hypomagnesemia//ACT:Reduce Ca2+ entry to sarcolemma. Regulates ATP production. Depleted in ischaemic cells.
|
|
Physiological (Adenosine)
|
R://T:SVT//ACT:Enhances K current in Atrial tissue to prolong ERP
|
|
Class V Digoxin
|
R:Vagal stimulant//T:SVT//ACT:↓HR. suppress AV conduction
|
|
Digitoxin
|
R:Na+/K+ pump//T:Heart failure. Atrial fibrillation//ACT:Na/K pump inhibition. ↑[Na]ic. ↑[Ca]ic (Na/Ca exchanger). SR CICR. Icreased contraction strength. Lipophilic. ↑Force/Excitability. ↓AVN conduction/rate of contraction. Effective/Toxic ranges very similar.
|
|
Digoxin
|
R:Na+/K+ pump//T:-//ACT:(-) lipophobic.
|
|
Dopamine
|
R:β-1 sympathomimetic //T:Acute heart failure (sepsis/post op). Shock//ACT:Given I.V. At high doses binds lowe affinity a1 receptors.
|
|
Dobutamine
|
R:B1/a1 cancelling //T:-//ACT:Net effect is cardiac stimulation with minimal vasodilation
|
|
Milrinone/Amrinone (transduction SNSmimetics)
|
R:cAMP phosphodiesterase//T:Only when all other treatments fail//ACT:Inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase. Increases PKA activity. Clinical trials show no real benefit.
|
|
Nitrates
|
R:Endothelium//T:Acute Heart failure. Ease angina. //ACT:Metabolised to produce NO. vasodilation causing preload and afterload decrease. Reduce cardiac load. lowers VR curve-↑CO when decompensated
|
|
Furosemide
|
R:Loop Diuretic (kidney)//T:Pulmonary/refractory oedema. Renal failure//ACT:Powerful diuretic. Up to 30% filtered Na. reduces Na reabsorption. Decreases venous pressure
|
|
hydrochlorothiazide
|
R:Thisazide (kidney)//T:HF with high BP//ACT:Mild diuretic (<10%). Acts at distal tubule. Direct vasodilator.
|
|
Amiloride/spirononlactone
|
R:K+ sparing (kidney)//T:Combination to recuce K loss//ACT:Weak diuretic (<5%). Useful for controlling K+ loss.
|
|
ACE inhibitors (Captopril/ Analapril)
|
R:ACE (kidney)//T:HF + high BP//ACT:Inhibits production of Ang II. Inhibit aldosterone production. Vasodilation (reduced bradykinin breakdown). Controls K loss.
|
|
Ang II receptor inhibitor (Lorsartan)
|
R:At1 receptor block//T:HF + high BP//ACT:Recuces effects of Ang II
|
|
Warfarin
|
R:Vit K Reductase//T://ACT:Inhibits Y-Carboxyglutamic acid presentation on tissue factor surface. (TF 2/7/9/10). Metabolised in liver (t1/2 ~ 40hours). [long term therapy]
|
|
Heparin (Heparin/calciparine/ minihep/monoparin)
|
R:Antithrombin III//T://ACT:I.V. Binds and activates +ve charged ATIII. Removes TF2a/10a from blood stream before it complexes with fibrin. Binds plasma proteins/mphage/endothelial cells reducing binding sites (initial saturating bolus given). Platelet factor 4 released and inhibits. [short term therapy]
|
|
LMW Heparin
|
R:Antithrombin III//T://ACT:Works on TF10a only. Doesn’t bind plasma proteins.
|
|
Hiruden (hirugen/angiomax)
|
R:Thrombin//T://ACT:Binds thrombin active site. Fewer bleeding s/a. no greater efficacy over heparin. Used with antibody patients/coronary angioplasty.
|
|
Aspirin
|
R:COX //T:Acute MI combination with fibrinolytic drugs. //ACT:Alters balance of TXA2 (from platelets-activates platelets) and PGI2 (from endothelial cells-inhibits platelets). Platelets take a week to replace.
|
|
ADP receptor antagonists (Ticlopidine/Clopidogrel/ Prasugrel/Ticagrelor)
|
R:P2Y12R//T:reduce stroke ~ MI/Stroke //ACT:Ticlodipine has an efficacy similar to Aspirin. Others are all similar but Clopidogrel slightly lower so less bleeding risk.
|
|
Ilb/ Illa receptor antagonists (Abciximab/Tirofiban)
|
R://T:coronary Angioplasty ~//ACT:ab fragment ~ mimicing peptides
|
|
Epoprostenol
|
R:Prostaglandin agonist//T://ACT:PGI2 has an inhibitory effect on Ca levles in the platlet
|
|
Dipyridamole
|
R:Phosphodiesterase inhib//T://ACT:increases cAMP levels. cAMP has an inhibitory effect on platelet Ca
|
|
Streptokinase
|
R:Plasminogen activator//T:Acute MI/Thrombolyic stroke/ thromboembolism//ACT:Fibrinolytic peptide. Activates plasminogen to plasmin which cleaves fibrin.
|
|
Recombinant tPA (alteplase/ duteplase/reteplase)
|
R:Plasminogen activator//T://ACT:Fibrinolytic peptide. More active at bound plasminogen so 'clot specific'
|
|
Tranexamic Acid
|
R:Plasminogen inhibitor//T:Small surgery//ACT:Antifibrinolytic drugs.
|
|
Aprotinin
|
R:Plasmin inhibitor //T:High risk of loss after heart S//ACT:Antifibrinolytic drugs.
|
|
Salbutamol/Terbutaline
|
R:B2//T:Used in asthmatic attack by inhalation as required//ACT:Bronchospasmolysis. Increased ciliary clearance of mucous. Mast cell mediators inhibited.
|
|
Salmeterol
|
R:B2//T:Used prophylactically//ACT:used for permanent bronchoconstriction
|
|
Ipratropim
|
R:M3 antagonist//T://ACT:Inhalation. Bronchospasmolysis - relaxation of smooth muscle. ↓ mucous
|
|
Methylxanthines (theopylline/aminophylline)
|
R:not sure (maybe phosphodiesterase inhibition)//T:Status asthmaticus//ACT:In caffeine. ↑mucous clearance. Some anti-inflammatory action. Slow I.V. Low therapeutic index.
|
|
Glucocorticoids (-sone suffix)
|
R://T://ACT:Decrease Th2 IL release. Induction of Lipocortin - inhibition of Phospholipids>A Acid (↓leukotrine/prostaglandins). Counteract B2 downregulation.
|
|
Mast cell stabilisers (nedocromil/cromogligate)
|
R://T://ACT:Prevent mast cell degranulation. Reduce early and late phases. Used for prophylaxis. Inhalation.
|
|
Leukotrine R antagonists (lukast suffex)
|
R:LT1 antagonist//T://ACT:add on therepy to corticosteroids in moderate uncontrolled asthma
|
|
NSAID. B-Blocker. Anti-cholinesterases
|
R://T://ACT:Drug induced asthma. Careful use in asthmatics.
|
|
Lidocaine (lignocaine)/ procaine
|
R://T://ACT:most applications. Infiltration/nerve block/intravenous. Also used to treat arrhythmias. Procaine poor absorption - not infilatration
|
|
Cocaine
|
R://T://ACT:Vconstrict. Sympathomimetic. Surface anaesthesia.
|
|
Articaine/mepivicaine
|
R://T://ACT:dentistry and mepivicaine for intra-articular anaesthesia
|
|
Bupvicaine
|
R://T://ACT:infiltration/merve block/epidural (surgery/labour)
|
|
Prilocaine
|
R://T://ACT:Surface/epidural/nerve block/intravenous. Low toxicity
|
|
Benzocaine
|
R://T://ACT:Permanently uncharged. Surface anaesthesia
|
|
Glutamate:
|
R://T:Excitatory //ACT:Ketamine (NMDA channel blocker) Memantine (NMDA R antgonist-memory)
|
|
GABA:
|
R://T:Inhibitory //ACT:Vigabatrine (GABA TA inhib) Benzodiazepines/barbituates (sedative) Baclophen (GABAb agonist muscle relaxant) GHB (abuse)
|
|
Stroke:
|
R://T://ACT:Fibrinolytics (alteplase) if caused by haemmorhage. Na channel inhib
|
|
Parkinsons:
|
R://T://ACT:Levodopa (replace dopa) Paramipexole/Ropinirole/Bromocriptine (mimic dopa) amantidine (release dopa) selegiline/rasegiline (MAO-B inhib) benzatropine (ACh antagonist)
|
|
Huntingtons:
|
R://T://ACT:Baclofen (GABAb agonist) Tetrabenazine (dopamine depleting)
|
|
Barbiturates (phenobaritone)
|
R:GABAA receptor//T://ACT:Potentiates GABA. Increases duration of Cl- ion channel opening. Block AMPA. Inhibit Ca2+ NT release.
|
|
Benzodiazepines
|
R:GABAA receptor//T://ACT:Increase probability of channel opening. Treats anxiety/insomnia/seizurre and dental pre-med. Short/intermediate (insomnia). Long (anxiety). Long term psychological? Inhibit NMDA/nAChR. ↑toxicity with alcohol/opiates
|
|
Midazolam
|
R:BDZ//T://ACT:Hypnotic/pre-med
|
|
Lorazepam
|
R:BDZ//T://ACT:Hypnotic/sedative/anxiolytic/muscle relaxant
|
|
Diazepam
|
R:BDZ//T://ACT:Hypnotic/anxiolytic/anticonvulsant
|
|
fluoxetine/citalopram
|
R:SSRI//T://ACT:Antidepressants/anxiogenic.
|
|
Buspirone
|
R:5HT1A partial agonist //T://ACT:less sedation/motor incoordination/tolerance/dependence. Similar efficacy to BDZ. Action takes days/doesn’t stop BDZ withdrawal/adaptive changes
|
|
Hypnotics
|
R:GABAA receptor//T://ACT:Zolpiadem potentiates at BDZ site. Zopiclone at non BDZ site
|
|
Gabapentin
|
R:GABA //T://ACT:GABA mimetic/agonist
|
|
Valproate
|
R://T://ACT:Potentiate at GABAA. Inhibit GABA-T. Inhibit SSA dehydrogenase
|
|
Vigabatrin
|
R://T://ACT:Inhibit GABA T
|
|
Tigabine
|
R://T://ACT:Inhibit GABA reuptake (neuronal/glial)
|
|
Carbamazepine/phenytoin
|
R://T://ACT:Na+ channel blockers. Prefferentially bind inactive form. Reduces firing of active neurons. Blocks high frequency repetitive firing. C for trigem neuralgia
|
|
Ethosuximide/lamotrigine/ gabapentin
|
R://T://ACT:Block voltage-activated calcium channels. Ethosuxamide for absence seizures.
|
|
Talampanel/Tezampanel
|
R:AMPA antagonists//T://ACT:
|
|
Partial seizure drugs
|
R://T://ACT:Carbamazepine/Lamotrigine 1st line. Also sodium valproate/phenobarbitone/phenytoin/ritagabine
|
|
General seizure drugs
|
R://T://ACT:Carbamazepine/valproate/phenytoin/phenobarbitone/lamotrigene (not myoclonic)
|
|
Topiramate
|
R://T://ACT:GABA potentiation. AMPA/Kainate antagonist
|
|
Levetiracetam
|
R://T://ACT:Bind synaptic vesicle protein 2A. Prevent hypersynchronisation/propagation
|
|
Felbamate
|
R://T://ACT:Weak potentiation of GABAA. NMDA antagonist
|
|
Myoclonic seizures
|
R://T://ACT:Sodium valproate/levetiracetem/topiramate
|
|
1st generation
|
R:H1 antagonists//T://ACT:Treat allergy/nausia/vomiting. Sedative. Promethazone. Diphenhydramine. Also can be used as dental sedatives.
|
|
2nd generation
|
R:H1 antagonists//T://ACT:Less CNS depression (drowsiness). Fexofendine/certirizine (hayfever/allergy/ angiodema/urticaria)/loritadine/cinnarizine
|
|
Cimentidine/ranitidine
|
R:H2 antagonist //T://ACT:Cimentidine treats heartburn/peptic ulcers. Ranitidine ulcers/GERD/urticaria
|
|
Salicylic acid (aspirin)
|
R:COX inhibition//T://ACT:Weak acid. Low dose (antiplatelet) medium dose (analgesic) high dose (antiinflammatory).
|
|
Paracetamol
|
R://T://ACT:weak antipyretic/anti-inflammatory. Mild analgesic. Peroxide acting. 2/3x dose is toxic - saturates glucuronidiation/sulfation - metabolised by CYP450 - produces NAPQI. If not glutathione conjugated - toxic to DNA/proteins
|
|
Ibuprofen
|
R://T://ACT:Antiinflammatory/antipyretic/analgesic. Mild antiplatelet. Vasodilation.
|
|
Rofecoxib/meloxicam/ celecoxib
|
R:COX2 inhibitor//T://ACT:reduces risk of peptic ulceration.
|
|
Zairlukast/montelukast
|
R:CycLTR antagonist//T://ACT:reduce CysLTR (bronchoconstrict/vasodilate/extravasation/hayfever)
|
|
morphine
|
R:mew partial agonist//T://ACT:agonist to high enough level to cause analgesia
|
|
Buprenorphine/Naloxone
|
R:mew partial agonist//T://ACT:also antagonist at kappa/delta
|
|
Pentazocine
|
R:K agonist. M antagonist//T://ACT:analgesia but no euphoria. Can cause depression/withdrawal symptoms
|
|
Disulfiram
|
R://T://ACT:Aversive therapy for alcoholics
|
|
Baclofen
|
R:GABAb agonist//T://ACT:Reduces alcohol/opioid/stimulant craving
|
|
Methadone
|
R:mew agonist//T://ACT:Not as potent as morphine/heroin. Not as many withdrawal symptoms - stabilise the person then maintain or withdraw
|
|
anandamide
|
R://T://ACT:endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist
|
|
Ecstasy (MDMA)
|
R://T://ACT:Seratonin transprter reuptake inhibitor
|
|
Rimonabant
|
R:CB1 antagonist //T://ACT:anti-obesity anti-smoking.
|
|
LSD/Psilocybin
|
R:5HT2A agonists//T://ACT:Hallucinogen
|
|
Phencyclidine(PCP)/Ketamin
|
R:NMDA antagonist//T://ACT:inhibition of neurons in nucleus accumbens
|
|
Leptin
|
R://T://ACT:Produced with increased adipose. Reduces apetite. Receptors may not work or be stopped. Orexin works the other way
|
|
Orestat
|
R://T://ACT:Pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Prevent lipid absorption
|
|
Methylcellulose
|
R://T://ACT:Bulk-forming agent (not absorbed)
|
|
5HT2 antagonists/fluoxetine
|
R://T://ACT:Side effect of increased apetite
|
|
MAOI (Iproniazid/ moclobemide)
|
R://T://ACT:Typical
|
|
TCA (Imipramine/ amitriptyline)
|
R://T://ACT:Typical
|
|
SSRI (fluoxetine/citalopram)
|
R://T://ACT:Typical
|
|
NARI (reboxetine)
|
R://T://ACT:Typical
|
|
venlafaxine
|
R://T://ACT:Atypical. 5HT-NA reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
|
|
Trazodone
|
R://T://ACT:Atypical. 5HT2 antagonist + SSRI
|
|
Nefazedone
|
R://T://ACT:Atypical. 5HT2 antagonist + SSRI + SNRI
|
|
Mirtazapine/Mianserin
|
R://T://ACT:Atypical. a2 adrenoceptor + 5HT antagonist
|
|
Lithium
|
R://T://ACT:anti epileptic to control mania
|
|
1st line
|
R://T://ACT:Atypical (5HT2 and D2 antagonist). Risperidone. Quetiapine. Zotepine
|
|
2nd line
|
R://T://ACT:Clozapine (atypical). Haloperidol (typical - D2-receptor antagonist)
|