Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which type of epithelium lines the: mouth, oesophagus, non-glandular part of stomach of pigs and horses, forestomachs of ruminants and anus? |
Stratified squamous epithelium |
|
Which type of epithelium lines the stomach or abomasum through to large intestine? |
Simple columnar glandular epithelium |
|
Which glands are in the stomach epithelium? |
Simple tubular glands |
|
What do parietal cells produce? |
HCl |
|
What do chief cells produce? |
Pepsinogen |
|
What is the difference in the mucosa lining the large intestine (caecum->rectum) |
Mucosa lacks villi Contains mucus-secreting cells |
|
What is the purpose of saliva in defence? |
Flushing, antibacterial, increases pH |
|
Mucus? |
Protects surface |
|
What junctions are found between epithelial cells? |
Tight junctions |
|
What type of lymphocytes are found within the epithelium? |
Intraepithelial lymphocytes - T lymphocytes |
|
Name of lymphoid aggregate in ileum? |
Peyer's patches |
|
Which antibody plays a crucial role in mucosal protection? |
IgA |
|
Brachygnathia superior/inferior |
Short maxilla/mandible |
|
Prognathia |
Long maxilla/mandible |
|
Palatoschisis |
Cleft palate - inadequate growth of palatine shelves (hard or soft palate) |
|
What can palatoschisis lead to? |
Aspiration pneumonia Suckling problems |
|
Cheiloschisis |
Hard lip - absence of part of lip rostral to nasal septum |
|
Stomatitis |
Inflammation of oral cavity |
|
Glossitis |
Inflammation of tongue |
|
Gingivitis |
Inflammation of gingiva |
|
Which species of bacteria can cause wooden tongue and lumpy jaw in cattle? |
Actinobacillosis - wooden tongue - Actinobacillus lignieresii Actinomycosis - lumpy jaw - Actinomyces bovis |
|
Which type of inflammation is seen with these infections? |
Granulomatous inflammation |
|
What eosinophilic inflammation lesion is common in cats? |
Oral eosinophilic granuloma |
|
What causes this? |
Immune-mediated |
|
What type of inflammation and illness does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause? |
Necrotising inflammation and calf diptheria |
|
What is contained within catarrhal exudate? |
Mucus, epithelial cells, neutrophils |
|
What is a diphtheritic membrane? |
Membrane formed containing fibrin and necrotic cellular debris and inflammatory cells |
|
How are vesicles formed by hydropic degeneration? |
Cells of stratum spinosum layer swell and undergo necrosis, leaving fluid-filled space (vesicle/blister) |
|
What do the vesicles coalesce to form? |
Bullae |
|
What may happen to vesicles? |
Rupture to form erosions May heal by epithelial regeneration or progress to ulcers (esp. if infected) |
|
How else may ulcers be formed? |
Bacteria Immune-mediated diseases Trauma |
|
Which feline viruses cause oral ulceration |
Feline calicivirus Feline herpes virus |
|
What does bovine viral diarrhoea disease cause? |
Ulceration of oral cavity, muzzle, more distal alimentary tract |
|
What is pemphigus vulgaris? |
Immune-mediated disease -> blisters form |
|
Contagious pustular dermatitis |
Orf in sheep - firm, raised papules and pustules on lips and oral mucosa - hydropic degeneration, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, secondary bacterial infection |
|
What does an erosion do to stratified squamous epithelium? |
Loss of partial thickness of epithelium |
|
Ulcer? |
Loss of entire epithelium down to or deeper than basement membrane |
|
Erosion to simple glandular epithelium? |
Loss of epithelium and partial loss of lamina propria thickness |
|
Ulcer? |
Loss of epithelium and entire lamina propria, sometimes extends into submucosa |
|
Anal? |
YES #emmanal |
|
What appearance of lesion do papillomas cause? |
Cauliflower-like lesions |
|
What does the histology of these lesions look like? |
Thick squamous epithelium over pedunculated fibrous stroma |
|
What is the commonest oral malignancy in cats? |
Squamous cell carcinoma (often on ventrolateral tongue) |
|
What do SCCs appear like? |
Elevated, firm, white plaques or nodules May ulcerate May be circular pearls of keratin |
|
What is their histology? |
Irregular masses and cords of squamous epithelium invading lamina propria |
|
What is the most common oral neoplasm in the dog? |
Melonoma (nearly always malignant in oral cavity) |
|
Which cells are melanomas a tumour of? |
Pigment-producing melanocytes |
|
What is an amelanotic melanoma? |
Unpigmented melanoma |
|
What shape are melanocytes? |
Oval or spindle-shaped |
|
What is an epulis/epulides? |
Benign neoplasm of periodontal origin |
|
Which breeds do these affect? |
Brachycephalic breeds e.g. boxers |
|
Which region are they often found in? |
Carnassial/canine region |
|
What is their histology? |
Collagenous and sometimes ossified tissue Covered with stratified squamous epithelium Descends into stroma in cords |
|
Segmental aplasia of oesophagus |
Rare failure of fusion -> band of fibrous tissue where distal oesophagus should be |
|
Achalasia |
Failure of cardiac sphincter to open |
|
Megaoesophagus |
Dilated oesophagus lacks peristalsis ->accumulation of ingesta
|
|
What may cause this? |
Neuromuscular disorder Obstruction |
|
Sequel? |
Aspiration pneumonia |
|
Which developmental disorder is common in Great Dane, German Shepherd, Siamese cat? |
Vagus nerve or motor nucleus |
|
Dysautonomia in horses |
Equine grass sickness |
|
What nutritional deficiency may cause myodegeneration in oesophagus? |
Vitamin E/selenium deficiency |
|
Where are common sites for obstruction to occur? |
Thoracic inlet Base of heart Cardiac sphincter |
|
Healing may cause |
Narrowing -> stricture |
|
Extrinsic obstruction? |
Outside wall e.g. vascular ring anomaly -> persistent right aortic arch -> cranial megaoesophagus |
|
Reflux oesophagitis |
Oesophagitis - damage from gastric acid caused by reflux or vomiting -> may lead to ulcers |
|
Papillomatosis |
Bovine papillomavirus type 4 -> squamous cell carcinoma if bracken fern toxins present |
|
Leiomyoma |
Benign tumour of smooth muscle |