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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
During a respiratory assessment, the absent of breath sounds may indicate?
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Pneumothorax
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The simplest airway management technique in a patient without suspected cervical spine injury is the?
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Head-tilt/chin lift maneuver
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Which manual airway maneuver should be used when caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury?
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Modified jaw-thrust
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When a protion of the lung is unabailable for gas exchange, yet pulmonary circulation continues in that area of the lung, a condition known as ___ results?
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Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
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Anatomical dead space is the?
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Volume of air in the trachea, bronchi, and air passages containing air that does not reach the alveoli for gas exchange
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You should be prepared to immediatley intubate any patient with respiratory distress who is exhibiting?
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Altered mentation
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Which of the following basic airway adjuncts prevents the tongue from falling back to occlude the airway?
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Oropharyngeal airway
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The Sellick maneuver, applying posteriorly directed pressure on the cricoid cartilage?
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Minimizes gastric destention and facilitates placement of an endotracheal tube into the glottic opening
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A portable suction device should generate a flow rate of ___ liters per m inute when the tube is open?
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30
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What is a contraindicition of insertion for a nasopharyngeal airway?
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facial fractures
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When a bag-valve ventilation device is used without supplemental oxygen, it delivers an oxygen concentration of ___ percent?
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21
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An advantage of the two-person method of bag valve mask ventilation?
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Easier to maintain a seal between the patient's face and the mask
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The amount of gas moved in and out of the respiratory tract per minute?
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Minute Volume
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The amount of gas that remains in the respiratory system after forced expiration?
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Residual Volume
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The amount of gas inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath?
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Tidal Volume
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What pieces are necessary for insertion of an Esophageal Tracheal combiTube?
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Water soluble lubricant, Bag valve mask, & Suction equipment and a stethescope
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The patient with COPD may benefit from oxygen delivery through a Venturi mask because?
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Oxygen concentration is controlled more carefully
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The tip of the endotracheal tube for the pediatric patient should be inserted ___ cm below the vocal cords?
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2-3
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A true statement about the use of dual lumen airway is?
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It requires no neck hyperextension
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The tip of a curved laryngoscope blade is placed correctly?
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In the vallecula
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The tip of a straight blade should be placed?
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Under the epiglottis
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With what condition should you NOT attempt an endotracheal intubation of a patient unless airway failure is imminent?
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Epiglottitis
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Name of drugs that can be given by tracheal route?
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LEAN
Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Atropine, & Naloxone |
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An attempt at endotracheal intubation must not interrupt ventilations for more than ____ seconds?
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30
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Indications of esophageal intubation?
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not seeing the tip of the endotracheal tube pass through the vocal cords
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Correct order of events after endotracheal tube has been properly inserted?
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Inflate the cuff w/ 5-10 cc of air, listen for equal breath sounds bilaterally, listen for breath sounds over the sipgastrium, secure the tube
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An ____ is an example of a dual lumen airway?
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CombiTube
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Insert the laryngoscope blade in the ____side of the mouth?
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Right
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Inset the endotracheal tube in the ___ side of the mouth?
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Right
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Sweep the tongue to the ___ side of the mouth?
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Left
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Visualize the structures by ____ them into alignment?
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Lifting
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By ___ you risk trauma to the teeth and other structures?
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Prying
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An adult patient who has been intubated due to respiratory arrest should be ventilated ____ times per minute?
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15
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Immediate intubation should be considered for trauma patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of ___ or lower?
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8
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During spontaneous breathing, which reflexes prevents overinflation of the lungs?
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Hering-Breuer
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What mechanism is responsible for hypoxemia in the patient with a pulmonary embolism?
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Pulmonary shunting
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What seres as an important visual landmark when performing endotracheal intubation under direct intubation?
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Arytenoid cartilage
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When intubating an adult patient, the onset of bradycardia is most likely due to?
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Stimulation of the vagus nerve
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Ventilation of ___ is the likely consequence of inserting an endotracheal tube too far?
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The right lung only
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The bifucation of the trachea is called the?
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Carina
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The internal respiration occurs in the?
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Peripheral capillaries
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At the end of exhalation, the intrathoracic pressure is?
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Equal to atmosperic pressure
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As the thoracic cavity begins to expand, the intrathoracic pressure?
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Is less than atmospheric pressure
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The normal partial pressure of oxygen is ___ mmHg?
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80-100
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The movement of oxygen fro the alveoli to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries depends on?
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Diffusion of oxygen from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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The respiratory rate may be greater than normal in?
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Acidosis due to an aspirin overdose
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The aspiration of vomitus into the lungs may result in?
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Tissue damage, pneumonia, & pulmonary adema
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In an adult, the narrowest part of the airway is the?
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Larynx
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Pulse oximetry approximates true oxygen saturation. T or F
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True
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Pulse oximetry provides a mean sof continuously evaluating oxygenation. T or F
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True
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Pulse oximetry is useful in assessing victims of carbon monoxide exposure. T or F
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False
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Pulse oximetry is a reliable tool in the evaluation of hypothermic patients. T or F
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False
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Patients with poor perfusing blood pressures can be rapidly and accurately assessed using pulse oximetry. T or F
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False
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End-tidal colorimetric capnography measures?
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Carbon dioxide in exhaled air
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An ___ may be used to facilitate nasotracheal intubation?
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Endotrol tube
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A properly placed ____ effectively isolates the trachea for ventilation and protection from aspiration?
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Endotracheal tube
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What contains thin epithelial linings and dense cappilary networks and are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?
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Alveoli
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Percutaneous route of medication administration?
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Sublingual, transdermal, & buccal
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An advantage of sublingual drug administration?
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Rapid absorption due to sublingual vasculature
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A disadvantage of pulmonary drug administration via nebulizer or metered dose inhaler?
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It requires that the patient have adequate ventilation
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A parenteral route of drug administration?
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Intramuscular
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A liquid preparation that contains small particles of medication is known as a?
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Suspension
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You notice absent breath sounds and gastric sounds with each ventilations. What should you do?
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Deflate the ET tube cuff, remove the ET tube, & hyperventilate the patient
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One teaspoon of medication equals ___mL?
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5
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A plastic or glass container with a self-sealing rubber top is known as?
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Vial
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Into which container would it be necessary to inject a volume of air equal to the intended volume of medication before withdrawing the medication with a needle or syringe?
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Vial
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The appropriate administration for intradermal drug?
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1 cc tuberculin syringe, 27 gauge 3/8" needle, or 25 gauge 1" needle
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Appropriate for a subcutaneous injection of medication?
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Vollume of medication of 1 mL or less
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Which route will medication have the quickest onset of action?
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Intramuscular
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The maximum volume of medication to be delivered into the deltoid muscle is ___mL?
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2
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A site for central venous access?
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Femoral vein
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A site for peripheral venous access?
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Saphenous, External jugular, & median basilic
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What intravenous solution would remain in the vascular system the longest?
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Plasmanate
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What solution is appropriate for the patient needing vascular volume replacement in the prehospital setting?
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0.9% sodium chloride solution
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Using microdrip IV tubing, how many drops of fluid equals 1 mL?
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60
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What catheters would allow the greates volume of fluid to be delivered in a given period?
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14 gauge 1 1/4"
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When preparing for venipuncture, a constricting band should be applied tight enough to restrict ____ flow and not left in place for more than ___ seconds?
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Venous but not arterial; 2
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Minor swelling around the venipuncture site, no discoloration, but it is cool and firm to the touch. What is your findings?
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Fluids extravasated into the tissue surrounding the IV site
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Anatomical wall dividing the nostrils?
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Septum
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Leaf-shaped, flexible cartilage that protects the larynx?
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Epiglottis
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Number of lobes in the right lung?
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Two
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Number of lobes in the left lung?
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Three
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Serous membrane covering the lung?
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Visceral
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Serous membrain lining the inside of the thoracic cavity?
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Parietal
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Protein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells?
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Hemoglobin
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Primary method of transporting carbon dioxide in the body?
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Bicarbonate
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Clusters of air sacs that serve as the primary site for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?
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Alveoli
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Trangular-shaped cartilage structure that connects the pharynx with the trachea?
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Larynx
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The narrowest part of the adult airway?
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Glottis
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Hemoglobin is carried in the?
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Red blood cells
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Total lung capacity for the average adult male is approximately ____ L?
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6
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Progressivley deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing is called?
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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The feeling of flexibitly or stiffness associated with the lungs and ventilation is?
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Compliance
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Excessive partial pressure of carbon dioxide i nthe blood?
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Hypercarbia
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Abbreviation for partial pressure of oxygen?
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PO2
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Insufficient oxygen in the blood?
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Hypoxemia
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oxygen saturation?
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SaO2
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Percentage of oxygen in inspired air?
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FiO2
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A bluish color of skin indicating respiratory distress?
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Cyanosis
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Excessively fast breathing?
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Tachypnea
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Excessively slow breathing?
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Bradypnea
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Normal quiet breathing?
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Eupnea
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The cessation of breathing?
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Apnea
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A misplacement of the ET tube identified by the skin bulging out on either side of the laryngeal prominence is called?
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Pyriform misplacement
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The purpose of using a malleable stylet during endotracheal intubation is to?
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Stiffen and maintain a pre-set curvve of the tube
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The amount of air filling the airway and unavailable for gas exchange?
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Dead space
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That amount of air that is actually exchanged?
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Alveolar
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Total lung capacity?
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Maximum lung capacity
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Measures the effectivness of bronchodilators?
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Peek expiratory flow
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Scarred lung due to COPD?
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Physiological dead space
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Most common indication for surgical cricothyrotomy is?
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Massive facial or neck trauma
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Atmospheric air contains ___% oxygen
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21
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The absence or near absence of oxygen is called?
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Anoxia
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Nail polish could produce a false pulse oximetry reading. T or F
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True
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The % displayed is equal to the oxygen saturation of the blood. T or F
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False
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A pulse oximeter will interpret carbon monoxide as oxygen. T or F
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True
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Excessive environemental light may produce an unreliable reading in the pulse oximeter. T or F
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True
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The pulse oximeter may produce an unreliable reading in states of poor patient perfusion. T or F
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True
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Pulse oximeter is unaffected by the patient's temperature. T or F
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False
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The purpose of the cuff o nthe end of endotracheal tube is to?
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Seal the airway
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What is NOT required for blind nasotracheal intubation?
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A strong malleable stylet
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A pediatric patient larynx is funnel shaped. T or F
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True
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In a pediatric patient a greater degree of swelling is required before a significant airway obstruction will occur. T or F
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False
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In a pediatric patient the chest wall lacks rigidity. T or F
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True
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Pediatric patient rely more heavily upon the diaphragm for breathing. T or F
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True
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A pediatric patient larynx is more posterior. T or F
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False
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To optimize visualization of the larynx it is important?
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To lift the mandible
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When bag-valve ventilation device is used without supplemental oxygen, it delivers an oxygen concentration of ___%?
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21
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