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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Combat Assault Reference |
ATTP 3-18.12 |
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Air Assault Operations definition |
Operations in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary-wing assets and the total integration of available firepower, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. |
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Combat Assault Capabilities |
1. Attack enemy positions from any direction 2. Delay a much larger force without becoming decisively engaged 3. Fly over of bypass barriers, obstacles or enemy positions and strike objectives in otherwise inaccessible areas 4. Conduct attacks and raids beyond the operational area 5. Rapidly secure and defend key terrain |
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Combat Assault Limitations |
1. Adverse weather 2. Availability of suitable LZ/PZs due to mountainous, urban, or other complex terrain 3. Initial reliance on air re-supply and lines of communication 4. High fuel and ammunition consumption rates 5. Reduced ground mobility after insertion |
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Combat Assault Vulnerabilities |
1. Attack by ground, air, or artillery on PZ/LZ 2. Attack by A/C or Air Defense Artillery during movement 3. Attack by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons 4. Electronic warfare 5. Small arms fire |
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Combat Assault Tactical Employent |
1. Mass or shift combat power rapidly 2. Use of surprise 3. Flexibility, mobility, speed 4. Gain and maintain initiative |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Infantry |
Nucleus of Air Assault Task Force |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Aviation |
1. Assault: Provides tactical mobility for troops, equipment, and weapon systems by internal and external loads; aerial re-supply by internal and external loads; and back-up medical evacuation 2. Attack: Protects lift helicopters from the PZ/LZ; suppress enemy ADA and other weapons; provides preparatory fires in the vicinity of LZs or objectives 3. Reconnaissance: Recon of PZ, flight routes, LZ, and objectives; screens forward of ground forces to provide limited security and early warning; provides downed aircraft security 4. Assault support: provides movement of artillery, vehicles, supplies, and personnel from secured PZ to secured LZ |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Artillery |
Suppression of enemy air defense along flight routes and in the vicinity of LZs; landing zone preparation by artillery raids |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Engineer |
Construct and improve PZ/LZs; construct expedient counter-mobility obstacles; hep infantry build fighting positions; emplace/breach obstacles and minefields |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Air Defense Artillery |
Provide point defense of high value locations including PZ/LZs, objective areas, and helicopter rearm-refuel points; provides direct fires for ground defense |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Military Intelligence |
Conduct electronic warfare, collect and disseminate information |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Reserve Forces |
AATF requires fewer reserve forces due to superior mobility, flexibility, and speed |
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Air Assault Task Force Individual Units: Combat Support |
Provides mission specific support (re-supply and maintenance) |
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Levels of an Air Assault Operation |
a. Division Level: Lowest level with assets for an Air Assault Operation b. Battalion Level: Lowest level at which an Air Assault Operation can be planned or coordinated c. Company Level: Lowest level with a command headquarters to execute an Air Assault Operation |
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Five Stage Reverse Planning Sequence Ground Tactical Plan |
Actions on the objective H-Hour: Time that first A/C of the first lift touches down on the LZ. All planning times are derived from H-Hour |
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Five Stage Reverse Planning Sequence Landing Plan |
Actions on the LZ Must support Ground Tactical Plan. Ensures units arrive at designated locations and times prepared to execute the ground tactical plan. General considerations: 1. Availability, location, and size of LZs 2. Elements land with tactical integrity 3. Troops are kept informed of changes 4. Supporting fires must be planned in and around each LZ 5. The plan includes re-supply and medical evacuation by air 6. Alternate LZs planned for each primary LZ to ensure flexibility |
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Five Stage Reverse Planning Sequence Load/Unload |
Gold Book standard is 2 minutes to load A/C and 30 seconds to unload A/C |
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Air Movement Plan |
Actions during flight 1. Based on the ground tactical and landing plans 2. Specifies the schedule and instructions of air movement of troops, equipment, and supplies from PZs to LZs 3. Provides instructions regarding air routes, control points, as well as aircraft speeds, altitudes, and formations 4. Flight Route Characteristics (next card) 5. Includes use of attack helicopters |
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Flight Route Characterisitcs |
a. Start Point and Release Points: 3-5 km from the PZ/LZ to allow adequate flying time for execution of the en route procedures b. False insertions: typically conducted before and after actual insertion to deceive enemy forces c. Primary and Alternate routes d. Check and Control Points: Points easily identifiable on the terrain used to provide necessary control during air movement |
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Flight Routes definition |
Maps or overlays containing flight route information are prepared at AATF headquarters and disseminated to subordinate and support units (overlays are often used). A letter, number, or word designates flight routes and corridors |
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Air Movement Table |
AATF staff and aviation unit staff prepare jointly the air movement table in detail. The Air Movement table ensures that all personnel, equipment, and supplies are accounted for in the movement and that each aircraft is fully loaded, correctly positioned i the flight, and directed to the right LZ. The Air Movement Table: -contains aircraft allocations -designates number and type of aircraft in each serial -specifies departure point; route to and from loading area; and loading, liftoff, and landing times -includes the refuel schedule for all lifts if required All times are derived from H-Hour |
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Terrain Flight Modes |
Pilots may use one of three terrain flight modes as dictated by the mission and the threat |
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Nap-of-the-Earth defintion |
Varying speeds and altitudes while flying as near as possible to the earth's surface; takes advantage of terrain masking |
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Contour definition |
Varying speeds and altitudes while generally conforming to the earth's surface; dictated by terrain and obstacles |
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Low Level Flight definition |
Constant speed, heading, and altitude; used when there is a low threat level to facilitate speed and ease of movement |
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Terrain Flight Modes Loading Plan: Actions on the PZ |
Ensures troops, equipment, and supplies are loaded on the correct aircraft. It is based on the Air Movement Plan |
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Loading Plan Considerations Tactical Integrity |
Fire teams and squads loaded on same A/C, platoons on same serial. Maintains fighting units upon landing |
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Loading Plan Considerations Self-sufficiency of loads |
Units should be functional by themselves whenever possible - crews with vehicle/weapon, ammo with weapon system, commo within serial, and personnel available to unload equipment |
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Loading Plan Considerations Cross loading |
Ensures key personnel/equipment not on same A/C and spread throughout lift. Thus, if an aircraft is lost to an abort or enemy action, the mission is not seriously hampered |
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Loading Plan Considerations Bump Plan |
Ensures key personnel/equipment arrive on LZ first. Bumped personnel/loads arrive later. Bump personnel should be marked. Ensures key personnel/equipment not left on PZ. Bump Plan is executed if fewer A/C are available than planned because of maintenance, accidents, or enemy fire |
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Loading Plan Considerations PZ Control Party |
Duties on the PZ OIC, NCOIC, RTO, chalk guide, signal person, hook up team, straggler control. To maximize operational control, aviation assets are designated into lifts, serials, and loads |
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PZ Control Party Lift definition |
All A/C assigned to the mission to pick up troops and/or equipment and set them down on the LZ |
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PZ Control Party Serial definition |
Two or more A/C separated by time or space from other tactical groupings within the same lift |
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PZ Control Party Chalk definition |
Personnel or equipment designated to be moved by a specific A/C |
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Lift definition |
A lift is one sortie of all utility and cargo aircraft assigned to a mission. Each time all assigned aircraft pick up troops and/or equipment and set them down on the LZ, one lift is completed. The second lift begins when an aircraft returns to the PZ for a second load |
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Serials definition |
a. There may be times when a lift has too many aircraft to fly in one formation. In such cases, the lift is organized into a number of serials. A serial is a tactical grouping of two or more aircraft under the control of a serial commander (aviator), and separated from other tactical groupings within the lift by time or space. The use of serials may be necessary to maintain effective control of aviation assets. For example, if a NOE flight were used, it would be difficult to control 16 aircraft as a single increment. However, a 16 aircraft lift with four serials of four aircraft with a 2-minute time separation is more easily controlled b. Serials may also be required when the capacity of available PZs or LZs is limited. If there is a lift of 16 aircraft and available PZs and/or LZs will accommodate only four aircraft, it is best to organize into four serials of four aircraft each c. Serials are also employed to allow flexibility with flight routes. If there are several acceptable flight routes, the AATF commander may choose to employ serials to avoid concentrating his force along one flight route. If the commander wants all his forces to land simultaneously in a single LZ, he does so by having the serials converge at an aerial rally point before landing. With a lift of 16 aircraft and four available flight routes, the AATF commander could use four serials of four aircraft each. Each serial should use a different flight mode. Each time there is a new lift a new serial begins. For example, in lift one there are serials one through four. In lift two, serials start again with one. |
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Chalks definition |
a. Within each lift there is also a specific number of chalks. A load is personnel and/or equipment designated to be moved by a specific aircraft. When planning the air movement, each aircraft is termed a chalk. For example, within a lift of ten aircraft, the loads are numbered one through ten. For each lift thereafter, the chalks remain one through ten. For example, lift one loads are numbered one through ten; next lift is lift two, chalks are numbered one through ten. b. An aircraft may also be referred to as a "chalk load," "chalk number," or a "chalk" and chalks also must be designated within serials just as they are within lifts. Counting within the serials is continuous up to the total number of aircraft in the lift. For example, in a lift of 16 aircraft with four serials of four aircraft. Serial two's are numbered five through eight. In lift one, serial three, are numbered nine through twelve. Finally, in lift one, serial four, are numbered thirteen through 16. |
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Staging Plan definition |
The staging plan organizes the movement of Soldiers and loads into position for the forthcoming air assault. It establishes the PZ and specifies the manner in which the supported unit organizes to execute the loading plan. Units should be in PZ posture 15 minutes before aircraft arrive. |
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Air Loading Table definition |
Assigns personnel and major items of equipment or supplies to a specific A/C at the company and below level. It is an accountability tool, a loading manifest for each A/C. 3 copies (Chalk Leader, PZ Control Officer, and Crew Chief). |
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Air Mission Brief definition |
Last meeting of key personnel in an air assault mission to finalize details of the plan. |
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Platoon Level Actions for an Air Assault reference |
ATTP 3-18.12 |
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Platoon Level Actions for an Air Assault Duties and Responsibilities Platoon Leader |
1. Overall responsible for mission 2. Plans operation 3. Issue operations order and conducts rehearsals 4. Briefs leaders 5. Maintains communication with HQ |
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Platoon Level Actions for an Air Assault Duties and Responsibilities Platoon Sergeant |
1. Overall responsible for PZ 2. Set up PZ 3. Briefs chalk leaders 4. Devises and disseminates bump plan 5. Ensures everything has cleared the PZ 6. Rides in last A/C for control purposes |
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Platoon Level Actions for an Air Assault Duties and Responsibilities Chalk Leader |
1. Ensures his personnel know their tasks and position on the A/C 2. Ensures lights or panels for A/C are emplaced 3. Assigns area of security to personnel, supervise area or security 4. Supervises everyone on A/C while in flight 5. Ensures safe, rapid off loading and security for the A/C |
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Pathfinder Operations references |
FM 3-21.38 ATTP 3-18.12 |
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Pathfinder Operations definition |
To provide navigational aid and advisory services to military aircraft in areas designated by supported unit commanders. The Pathfinders' secondary missions include providing advice and limited aid to units planning air assault or airdrop operations |
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Phases of PZ/LZ Operations |
a. Selection b. Marking c. Controlling |
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Selection Phase Determine the Size of Landing Point |
Cleared circular area, can support one A/C Landing Point Sizes (cleared diameter distances) Size 1: 25 meters - OH-58D, OH-6 Size 2: 35 meters - UH-1H, AH-1 Size 3: 50 meters - UH- 60, AH-64 Size 4: 80 meters - CH-47 Size 5: 100 meters - All sling load aircraft and aircraft of unknown origin |
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Selection Phase Landing Site |
One or more landing points (must have control facilities) |
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Selection Phase Requirements of LZ |
b. Determine the number of A/C for the operation: PZ/LZ must support both number and type of A/C c. Type of Flying/Landing formations (next card) d. Surface conditions: must support the weight of the A/C and be free from debris. e. Ground slope (following card) f. Approach and Departure routes (following card) g. Prevailing wind (following card) h. Density Altitude (following card) i. Load Considerations (following card) j. Obstacles (following card) |
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Selection Phase Types of flying/landing formations |
1. Trail 2. Echelon Left 3. Echelon Right 4. Heavy Left 5. Heavy Right 6. Staggered trail Left 7. Staggered trail Right 8. Vee 9. Diamond |
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Selection Phase Ground Slope |
1. Never land on a down slope 2. If slope exceeds 7 degrees A/C with skids cannot land. 3. No A/C can land if the slope exceeds 15 degrees, terminate at hover |
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Selection Phase Approach and Departure Routes |
1. Into the wind 2. Over lowest obstacle 3. Along the long axis of the PZ/LZ |
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Selection Phase Prevailing Winds |
head wind, cross wind, tail wind 1. 0-5 knots: A/C can land in any direction 2. 6-9 knots: Must land head or cross wind 3. 10 knots and above: Head wind only |
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Selection Phase Density Altitude |
As these factors increase, the A/C performance decreases 1. Humidity 2. Altitude above sea level 3. Temperature |
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Selection Phase Load Considerations |
1. Weight of load 2. Personnel and/or equipment 3. Internal or external 4. Insertion or extraction |
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Selection Phase Obstacles |
An obstacle is anything that is 18 inches (or greater) high, wide or deep 1. Obstacle ratio - 10:1 2. Obstacles - four "R's" - Remove - Reduce - Red (mark it) - Radio (advise pilot) |
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Marking Phase Marking the Landing Zone |
Use minimum identifiable means. Mark as tactically as possible. |
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Marking Phase Basic Equipment |
1. Anemometer - wind-measuring device 2. Goggles 3. FM Communications 4. Map and compass 5. Daytime marking: VS-17 panel 6. Night time marking: lights, chem lights, strobe light |
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Marking Phase Marking |
1. Establish Ground to Air (GTA) Communication 2. Determine approach and departure route (utilize long axis of HLZ) 3. Determine area of unusable space by utilizing 10:1 obstacle ratio 4. Mark obstacles: red 5. Mark Touch Down Points (TDPs): Inverted "Y": 7m x 14m x 14m - consists of directional light, base light, left and right stem lights, used to mark #1 TDP at night (NO red lights) 6. Additional TDPs: size 1-3: 5m x 5m - for observation and utility A/C size 4-5: 10m x 10m - used for sling load A/C and cargo A/C |
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Controlling Phase |
a. Visual: Anyway of signaling the A/C through visual means b. Electronic: FM honing capabilities of the A/C to home in on radio transmission c. Verbal: Radio communication between ground troops and A/C -clock method: Assigns associated directions based on the orientation of the A/C. Front is 12 o'clock, right side is 3 o'clock, tail is 6 o'clock, and left is 9 o'clock. |
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When establishing an PZ/LZ... |
a. Establish control facilities: 1. Must have GTA communications 2. Must be able to observe the entire PZ/LZ
b. Determine length and width of PZ/LZ: Pace both and make a record of it
c. Determine area of unusable: 1. 10:1 ratio, straight edge method 2. #1 TDP at edge of unusable
d. Obstacles: Four "R's": Remove, Reduce, mark with Red, Radio advisory to pilot
e. Mark and clear TDPs: 1. VS-17 panel during daylight 2. Inverted "Y" at night 3. Clear the PZ/LZ using "zig-zag" method in each cardinal direction |
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Landing Formation Trail - advantages/disadvantages |
Advantages 1. Suitable for long narrow LZs 2. Each aircraft has the freedom of lateral movement 3. Allows unrestricted fire for door gunners 4. Simple for troop line-up on PZ 5. Allows the infantry assault element to depart the aircraft in line formation.
Disadvantages 1. The highest vulnerability to enemy fire of any formation. 2. Long time to cross an area due to the length of the formation 3. The use of identical ground track for all aircraft 4. Requires step-up due to rotor wash 5. Hazardous during takeoff and landing due to rotor wash and stacking on the final approach 6. Requires a long LZ |
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Landing Formation Echelon Left/Right - advantages/disadvantages |
Advantages 2. No rotor wash encountered by trailing aircraft 3. No step-up required 4. Formation take-off possible 5. Separate ground tracks for all aircraft 6. Suitable for low-level flight
Disadvantages 1. Requires relatively large loading zones 2. Difficult to hold positions in turns 3. Requires special training of troops to line-up on the PZ 4. Difficult for attack helicopter escort to cover |
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Landing Formation Heavy Left/Right - advantages/disadvantages |
Advantages 1. Each aircraft has freedom of lateral movement 2. No rotor wash encountered by trailing aircraft 3. No step-up required 4. Separate ground tracks for all aircraft 5. Suitable for low-level flying 6. Formation take-off possible 7. Short turning radius
Disadvantages 1. Requires relatively large LZs 2. Some restrictions to inboard gunners 3. Requires special training of troops to line-up on the PZ |
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Landing Formation Staggered Trail - advantages/disadvantages |
Advantages 1. Provides shorter linear disposition of aircraft and vulnerability to enemy fire as compared to trail. 2. Offers flexibility. 3. Simple for infantry to load.
Disadvantages 1. Long time to cross an area due to the length of the formation 2. Requires step-up due to rotor wash 3. The use of the same ground track by trailing aircraft 4. Hazardous during take-off and landing due to rotor wash and stacking on the final approach 5. Restrictions to inboard gunners 6. Vulnerable to enemy fire 7. Requires a wider area for a LZ |
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Landing Formation Vee - advantages/disadvantages |
Advantages 1. No rotor wash encountered by trailing aircraft 2. No-step required 3. Formation take-off possible 4. Separate ground tracks for all aircraft 5. Short time to cross an area due to the length of the formation
Disadvantages 1. Air maneuverability limited 2. Requires a wider area for a LZ 3. Control is more difficult |
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Landing Formation Diamond - advantages/disadvantages |
Advantages 1. Good overall security 2. Shorter time to cross danger areas 3. Formation take off is possible
Disadvantages 1. Restricts fire of the inboard gunners 2. Requires special training for troops to align on the PZ |
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OH-58D Kiowa Warrior |
Reference: TM 1-1520-248-10 and FM 3-04.126
Max/Cruise Airspeed: 125/80 knots
Flight time: 2 hours, 30 minutes
Crew: 2 (Pilot, Co-pilot)
ACL: 0
Primary Mission: Reconnaissance
Armament Max Loads: .50 cal (on left side only): 500 rds 2.75 inch FFAR: 14 rds Hellfire II Missile-laser guided: 4 rds Stinger Air-to-Air Missile: 4 rds |
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AH-64A Apache |
Reference: TM 1-1520-238-10 and FM 3-04.126
Max Airspeed: 140-145 knots Cruise Airspeed: 120 knots
Flight Time: 1 hour, 50 minutes
Crew: 2 (Pilot - rear, Co-Pilot/Gunner - front)
Primary mission: Anti-Armor
Armament Max Loads: 30 mm chain gun: 1200 rds Hellfire II Missile-laser guided: 16 rds 2.75 inch FFAR: 76 rds |
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AH-64D Longbow Apache |
Reference: TM 1-1520-251-10 and FM 3-04.126
Max Airspeed: 140-145 knots Cruise airspeed: 120 knots
Flight time: 1 hour, 50 minutes
Crew: 2 (Pilot - rear, Co-pilot/gunner - front)
Primary mission: Anti-armor
Armament Max Loads: 30 mm chain gun: 1200 rds Hellfire II Missile-laser guided: 16 rds Longbow Hellfire-fire and forget: 16 rds 2.75 inch FFAR: 76 rds |
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UH-60A/L/M Blackhawk |
Reference: TM 1-1520-237-10, FM 3-04.113, and FM 3-04.111
Max airspeed: 156 knots (A/L), 193 knots (M) Cruise airspeed: 120-145 knots
Flight time: 2 hours, 30 minutes
Crew: 4 (Pilot, co-pilot, 2 crew chiefs)
ACL for planning - combat equipped troops --with seats: 11 --without seats: 20
Cargo hook capacity: UH-60A: 8,000 lbs UH-60L/M: 9,000 lbs Max Gross Weight: 22,000 lbs
Primary mission: Air Assault and Air Movement |
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CH-47D/F Chinook |
Reference: TM 1-1520-240-10, FM 3-04.113 and FM 3-04.111
Max airspeed: 170 knots Cruise airspeed: 120-145 knots
Flight time: 2 hours, 30 minutes
Crew for tactical ops: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, crew chief)
ACL for planning: -Combat equipped troops: 33 (Fort Campbell: 31) -Maximum litter capacity: 24
Cargo Hook Capacity: -Forward hook: 17,000 lbs -Aft hook: 17,000 lbs -Center hook: 26,000 lbs -Dual hook load (forward and aft combined): 25,000 lbs
Planning weight: 19,000 lbs
Maximum gross weight: 50,000 lbs
Missions 1. Troop and cargo transport 2. Sling load operations 3. Mass casualty evacuation 4. Water insertions |
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HH-60A/L/M MEDEVAC |
Reference: TM 1-1520-237-10, FM 3-04.113
Max Airspeed: 193 knots, 170 knots with ESSS
Flight time: 2 hours, 30 minutes
Crew: 4-6 (pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, 1-3 in-flight medics)
ACL (A/L): -Normal configuration: 4 litters and 1 ambulatory -Max configuration: 6 litters and 1 ambulatory or 7 ambulatory
ACL (M): -Normal configuration: 6 litters and 2 ambulatory or 3 litters and 5 ambulatory or 8 ambulatory
Internal Rescue Hoist Capability: 600 lbs
Hoist Cable Length: 256 ft total, 250 ft usable
Primary Mission: Aeromedical evacuation
ESSS: Esternal Store Support System 4 fuel pods 2 large inner pods - 450 gallons, extends flight time by 3 hours 2 small outer pods - 230 gallons, extends flight time by 60-90 minutes All pods fueled extends flight time to 11 hours, 30 minutes |
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Aircraft Safety Reference |
ATTP 3-18.12 |
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Items on soldier at all times... |
a. ID card b. ID tags c. Earplugs |
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Secure headgear... |
a. Chinstrap fastened b. Twist fee c. Free of tape |
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Sleeves down... |
a. Protection from flying debris b. Protection from flash fires |
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Secure loose equipment... |
a. IAW unit SOP b. All equipment and special equipment are secure or tied down c. Grenades secured d. Antennas tied down or removed d. unfix bayonets |
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Approach direction... UH-60 & CH-47 |
UH-60: 90 degrees from either side, stay away from main and tail rotor, and stay to the front of the rear edge of the cargo/troop doors
CH-47: 45 degrees from rear, stay away from the front of the aircraft at all times |
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Bend forward at the waist when approaching A/C... |
a. added stability b. maintain low silhouette c. keeps you away from the main rotor blade |
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Weapon carried... |
muzzle down, no rounds chambered, on SAFE |
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Portions to stay away from... |
a. main rotor blade b. tail rotor blade c. cargo hook |
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Emergency exits, first aid kits, fire extinguishers UH-60L & CH-47D |
UH-60L: emergency exits- 4, windows fall out first aid kits- 3 fire extinguishers- 2
CH-47D: emergency exits- all windows, minus windshield first aid kits- 7 fire extinguishers- 3 |
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Crash positions UH-60L & CH-47D |
UH-60L: sit upright, feet flat on the floor, muzzle pointed down
CH-47D: Bend forward at waist, muzzle pointed down |
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Emergency Procedures Water landing |
1. Do not attempt to exit the A/C until it has landed and the main rotor blades have stopped turning. 2. Exit the A/C and swim upstream away from the crash 3. If A/C rolls, wait to unbuckle seatbelt until A/C rolls belly up |
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Emergency Procedures Hard Surface |
1. Assume crash position based on type of A/C 2. Wait for main rotor to stop 3. Take all commands from the crew 4. Link up at the pre-designated rally point (3, 9, 12 o'clock @ 500m) |
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Emergency Procedures Fire |
1. Exit immediately (use common sense) 2. Secure fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and unconscious personnel 3. Move upwind of smoke |
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Aeromedical Evacuation Procedures reference |
FM 4-02.2, FM 8-10-6 |
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Medical Evacuation definition |
Movement and en route care by medical personnel of wounded, injured, or ill persons from the battlefield and/or other locations to medical treatment facilities |
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Casualty Evacuation definition |
Movement of casualties aboard non-medical vehicles or aircraft. Casualties transported in this manner do not receive en route medical care. |
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Mass Casualty definition |
Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time that exceeds unit support capabilities |
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Medical Treatment Facility definition |
staffed and equipped to provide essential care to a casualty |
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Advantages of aeromedical evacuation |
a. Timely treatment, contributing to saving lives and reducing permanent disability b. Movement of patients over relatively long distances in short periods of time c. Movement of patients over terrain where ground evacuation would be difficult or impossible d. Fewer and less frequent movement of MTFs e. Patients moved directly to the MTF best equipped to deal with their condition |
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Basic aeromedical missions/capabilities |
a. Delivery of whole blood and biologicals b. air-crash rescue support c. movement of medical personnel and supplies d. evacuation of selected casualties |
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Patient classification by type |
Litter - head, neck, or back injury, unconscious or unable to walk
Ambulatory - able to walk under own power (walking wounded) |
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History |
The Angel of Mercy - first used during the Korean conflict
Characteristics: a. Crew: 1 (pilot) b. Bubble like canopy c. 2 main rotor blades d. skids for landing e. ACL: 2 litter patients
Disadvantages: a. no in-flight medical treatment b. casualties exposed to the elements c. casualties exposed to enemy fire |
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AEROMEDEVAC Assets |
4 Red Cross markings Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, in-flight medic) ACL normal configuration: 3 litters and 4 ambulatory ACL prior notification: 6 litters and 9 ambulatory Seating arrangements can be changes to meet operational requirements within a few minutes Loading sequence: litters loaded first, from top to bottom, loading most seriously injured last. Ambulatory loaded second. Most seriously injured are first to be unloaded. |
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AEROMEDEVAC Assets HH-60 |
5 Red Cross markings Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, in-flight medic) ACL Normal Configuration: 4 litters and 1 ambulatory ACL prior notification: 6 litters and 1 ambulatory or 7 ambulatory Loading sequence: Ambulatory first then litters from top to bottom, reverse Z pattern, most seriously injured loaded last. Most seriously injured are first to be unloaded. |
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AEROMEDEVAC Assets CH-47 |
Primary use: Mass Casualty Evacuation when used for Aeromedical Evacuation Identifiable marks: none Armed escort is required during MASCAL evacuations Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, crew chief, in-flight engineer) ACL: 24 litters and 1 ambulatory or 31 ambulatory Loading sequence: ambulatory first then litters from front to back and top to bottom, in a "Z" pattern. Most seriously injured are loaded last and first to be unloaded. Medics: no medics are assigned; require 1 medic for every 6 casualties |
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Methods of Casualty Extraction |
a. sit down method has a suitable landing zone for A/C b. hoist method does not have a suitable landing zone - casualties hoisted to A/C |
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Special Equipment - High Performance Utility Hoist |
Tensile strength: 600 lbs Slow speed: Lifts 600 lbs at a rate of 125 ft per minute Fast speed: Lifts 300 lbs at a rate of 250 ft per minute Hoist cable tension strength: 600 lbs Hoist cable length: 256 ft long, only 250 ft usable - last 6 ft marked in red |
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Special Equipment - Jungle Forest Penetrator |
Primary use: evacuation of casualties through thick vegetation Tensile strength: 600 lbs ACL: 3 ambulatory casualties |
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Special Equipment - SKED Rescue System |
Primary use: Ground evacuation, sit down mission, hoist extraction, water rescue Tensile strength: 400 lbs ACL: 1 |
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Special Equipment - Basic Ridged Litter |
Primary use: ground evacuation, sit down mission Tensile strength: 400 lbs ACL: 1 |
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Special Equipment - Kendrick's Extrication Device |
Primary use: Casualty with suspected spinal injury Tensile strength: 400 lbs ACL: 1 |
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Unit Responsibilities in Evacuation Request |
Ensure that the tactical situation permits successful evacuation
Assign a knowledgeable individual to set-up, mark, and control the pick-up site |
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5 steps when preparing a 9-line MEDEVAC request |
a. Make proper contact with the receiver b. Use the correct call signs and frequencies c. Use proper radio procedures d. Ensure that the transmission time is kept to a minimum e. Provide the opening statement: "I have a MEDEVAC request" |
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Patient Classification by Precedence Priority I |
URGENT - immediate evacuation is necessary to save LIFE, LIMB or EYESIGHT within ONE hour. |
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Patient Classification by Precedence Priority IA |
URGENT SURGICAL - Must receive far forward surgical intervention to save life and to stabilize them for further evacuation |
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Patient Classification by Precedence Priority II |
PRIORITY - evacuation is required as soon as possible. Used when patient should be evacuated within 4 hours of his/her medical condition could deteriorate that they will become URGENT; or patient requires treatment that is not available locally |
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Patient Classification by Precedence Priority III |
ROUTINE - is assigned to sick and wounded personnel requiring evacuation, but whose condition is not expected to deteriorate significantly. The sick and wounded should be evacuated within 24 hours |
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Patient Classification by Precedence Priority IV |
CONVENIENCE - is assigned to patients for whom evacuation by medical platform is a matter of medical convenience rather than necessity |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC FM Frequencies |
Range Control 70.25 (primary), 71.25 (alternate) |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 1 |
Location of pick up site (use grid location) |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 2 |
Radio frequency, call sign and suffix (use that of unit on ground at PZ) |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 3 |
Number of patients by precedence a. Urgent b. Urgent-surgical c. Priority d. Routine e. Convenience |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 4 |
Special Equipment Required a. None b. Hoist c. Extraction equipment d. Ventilator |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 5 |
Number of patients by type of casualty (litter or ambulatory) |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 6 (COMBAT) |
Security of pick up site n. No enemy troops in area p. Possible enemy troops in area e. Enemy troops in area (approach with caution) x. Enemy troops in area (armed escort required) |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 6 (PEACETIME) |
Number and type of wound, injury, and illness |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 7 |
Method of marking pick up site a. Panels b. Pyrotechnic signal c. Smoke signal d. None e. Other |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 8 |
Casualty Nationality and Status a. US Military b. US Civilian c. Non-US Military d. Non-US Civilian e. Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW) |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 9 (COMBAT) |
CBRN contamination a. Chemical b. Biological r. Radiological n. Nuclear |
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Nine Line Request for AEROMEDEVAC Line 9 (PEACETIME) |
Description of pick up site |
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Hand and Arm Signals reference |
ATTP 3-18.12, FM 21-60 |
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Assume Guidance |
Hover |
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Move Forward |
Move Backward |
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Move Upwards |
Move Downwards |
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Move to Right |
Move to Left |
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Hookup |
Takeoff |
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Land |
Wave Off - Do Not Land |
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Release Sling Load |
Stop |
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Affirmative |
Negative |
