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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is aggression?
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Aggression is behaviour directed toward another individual that is carried out with the proximate (immediate) intent to cause harm.
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What is violence
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Aggression that has extreme harm as its goal
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gender differences
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Archer found that males are more aggressive and have an increased desire to fight and attack
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Hydraulic hypothesis
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Lorenz - The idea that aggression is instinctual, and released or 'pushes out' in certain situation in order to avoid building up
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Weiss; Follick
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Rats, aggression and learned helplessness
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Clinical Psych
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Aggression linked with drug use, alcohol dependence and core part of many disorders on the DSM-IV scale
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abuse neglect in early years
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changes neurons in brain that can activate aggressive behaviour
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neural networks
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more activation = stronger links, more concepts become related to violence. For example, the more aggression and violence we experience, the greater the number of nodes and the strength of the connections
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cognitive neo-association theory
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Our eventual action will be that will the most activated neurons. It all depends on person appraises situation. Ends in fight or flight response.
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Huesmann
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Script theory -> When a situation is very familiar we tend to play things out in a similar way most
times until the response becomes automatic whenever that situation arises (domestic violence can occur in this way) |
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Development Psych
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aggression consistent across lifespan v different trajectories, more exposure = more aggression
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Frustration Aggression Hypothesis
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Dollard et al (1938) suggested that:
- Frustration leads to anger - Anger leads to aggression According to this theory: - All instances of aggression can be traced back to frustration - The link between frustration and aggression is always increased anger Clearly not always true (but often is) |
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Evolution Psychology
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Require aggression to reproduce, protect territory = survival of the fittest
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Learning
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Aggression is often learned through classical and instrumental conditioning and social learning
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Social Learning theory
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We learn aggression because we see aggression - direct experience/imitation
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Dopamine
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linked with ADHD + impulsivity which are linked to aggression
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Seratonin
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Deficits of serotonin linked with aggression
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Precursor genes
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Affect rate at which neurotransmitters
serotonin and dopamine are produced from precursor amino acids |
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Receptor genes
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linked to receptors for various dopamine and serotonin receptor types
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transmitter genes
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linked to reuptake of serotonin and dopamine
back to presynaptic terminal |
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Metabolite genes
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involved in degradation of neurotransmitters COMT, MAOA A and B
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Conversion genes
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Responsible for conversion of one
neurotransmitter into another (dopamine to norepinephrine) |
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What type of hormone set up equals aggression?
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Increased Testosterone, decreased estrogen, decreased progesterone
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Nervous system
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lower arousal and HR, less responsive stress system = more aggression
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Schachter and Singer
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In 1962, injected people
with adrenalin ( arousal) then exposed them to actors either being silly or showing anger. Found Anger or euphoria response depending on their cognitive appraisal of the cause. people search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal This can sometimes cause misinterpretations of emotions based on the body’s physiological state. When the brain doesn’t know why it feels an emotion it relies on external stimuli for clues on how to label the emotion. |
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Zillman
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Excitation transfer - Excitation-transfer theory purports that residual excitation from one stimulus will amplify the excitatory response to another stimulus, though the hedonic valences of the stimuli may differ
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Cognitive dissonance theory
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discomfort experienced when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognition
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