Aggression

Front 1

Aggression

Back 1

Antisocial behaviour; generally considered to be behaviour that harms or intends to harm someone or something.

Front 2

Biological explanation:

Limbic System

Back 2

- Associated with instinctive behaviour, e.g. aggression.

- Where the amygdala is located.

Front 3

Biological explanation:

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 3

Involved with learning and decision making.

Front 4

Biological explanation:

Whitman

Back 4

In 1966, Whitman shot 12 people at the University of Texas. This was the last of a lifetime of violent acts. After his death, a post-mortem revealed a tumour pressing on his limbic system.

Front 5

Biological explanation:

XYY Syndrome

Back 5

1960s: Male, tall and aggressive.

Now: Difficulties during adolescence as a result of effects of the syndrome, e.g. acne, delayed language development, may result in behavioral problems later in life.

Front 6

Psychodynamic explanation:

Thanatos

Back 6

One of our instinctive drives - our "death drive" which leads to self- destruction.

Front 7

Psychodynamic explanation:

Ego-defence mechanisms

Back 7

Behaviour strategies used to protect ourselves.

Front 8

Biological explanation:

Raine

Back 8

A: To investigate the brains of murderers.

M: Gave 41 murderers from California PET scans and compared them to a similar group of non-murderers.

R: There were some differences, e.g. there was less activity in the prefrontal cortex of murderers than non-murderers.

C: When the prefrontal cortex (and other areas of the brain) are not working normally, it can lead to people committing violent crimes.

Front 9

Psychodynamic explanation:

E.g. Displacement

Back 9

Being aggressive towards other people/objects instead.

Front 10

Psychodynamic explanation:

Dollard

Back 10

- Frustration-aggression hypothesis.

- Aggression needs a trigger e.g. arguing or losing something.

Front 11

Social Learning Theory:

Imitation

Back 11

Copying the behaviour of a model.

Front 12

Social Learning Theory:

Model

Back 12

Provides an example for the child.

Front 13

Social Learning Theory:

Reinforcement

Back 13

A consequence of behaviour that strengthens or encourages that behaviour.

Reinforcement be both external and internal e.g. pride.

Front 14

Social Learning Theory:

Monitoring

Back 14

Judging whether our behaviour is appropriate or not.

Front 15

Social Learning Theory:

Vicarious Learning

Back 15

Learning from a model being either rewarded or punished.

Front 16

Psychodynamic explanation:

E.g. Sublimation

Back 16

'Channelling' our aggression into other acceptable activities.

Front 17

Social Learning Theory:

Bandura

Back 17

A: To investigate the effects of gender on the imitation of aggression.

M: 72 children put into 3 groups. In each group they watched a male/female adult behave aggressively or not. Phase 1: modelling - watch adult play with a Bo-Bo doll (aggressive) or tinker-toys (non-aggressive) - 10 mins. Phase 2: Play with nice toys then taken away as 'the nice toys are reserved for the other children' - 2 mins. Phase 3: Imitation - children observed being aggressive or not - 20 mins.

R: Boys were more likely to imitate physical aggression, especially from a male model. Girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression from a female model.

C: Children selectively imitate aggressive behaviour.