Aggrenox

Front 1

Diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, lipid abnormalities, and hypertension are the key risk factors for ______

Back 1

athreosclerosis

Front 2

The ACCP concluded that all patients with prior non cardioembolic stroke or TIA should receive _____ therapy.

Back 2

Antiplatelet

Front 3

In the ESPS-2 Trial, a total of ______ patients received treatment for up tp ___ years.

Back 3

6602 / 2

Front 4

Which professional organizations have endorced the FDA's dosing guidelines for aspirin.

Back 4

ALL

Front 5

Once platelets become activated, they degranulate and release a number of substances including ADP. What is the function of ADP?

Back 5

To activate GpIIb/IIIareceptor sites on platelets, revealing binding sites for fibrinogen.

Front 6

In the endotheial cells of the vessel wall cyclooxagenase (COX)acts upon arachidonic acid to create cyclic endoperoxides. In a normal, uninjured vessel wall, the normal route for thesecyclic endoperoxides is to interact with prostacyclin synthetase to create prostacyclin. What is the role of prostacyclin?

Back 6

To inhibit platelet activation by stimulating adenyl cyclase and thereby increasing levels of cAMP.

Front 7

In the stroke subset of patients in the CAPRIE Trial, clopidogrel reduced the risk of stroke compares with aspirin by ____ %

Back 7

8%

Front 8

What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke in N. America and Europe

Back 8

Atherosclerosis

Front 9

Atrial fibrillation and recent myocardial infarction are the most common causes of _________ stroke.

Back 9

Cardioembolic

Front 10

Hypertension has a relative risk for stroke of 2 to 4, which means:

Back 10

increases risk by 2 to 4

Front 11

In the endotheial cells of the vessel wall cyclooxagenase (COX)acts upon arachidonic acid to create cyclic endoperoxides. In a normal, uninjured vessel wall, the normal route for thesecyclic endoperoxides is to interact with prostacyclin synthetase to create prostacyclin. What is the role of prostacyclin?

Back 11

To inhibit platelet activation by stimulating adenyl cyclase and thereby increasing levels of cAMP.

Front 12

In the stroke subset of patients in the CAPRIE Trial, clopidogrel reduced the risk of stroke compares with aspirin by ____ %

Back 12

8%

Front 13

What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke in N. America and Europe

Back 13

Atherosclerosis

Front 14

Atrial fibrillation and recent myocardial infarction are the most common causes of _________ stroke.

Back 14

Cardioembolic

Front 15

Hypertension has a relative risk for stroke of 2 to 4, which means:

Back 15

increases risk by 2 to 4

Front 16

In the endotheial cells of the vessel wall cyclooxagenase (COX)acts upon arachidonic acid to create cyclic endoperoxides. In a normal, uninjured vessel wall, the normal route for thesecyclic endoperoxides is to interact with prostacyclin synthetase to create prostacyclin. What is the role of prostacyclin?

Back 16

To inhibit platelet activation by stimulating adenyl cyclase and thereby increasing levels of cAMP.

Front 17

In the stroke subset of patients in the CAPRIE Trial, clopidogrel reduced the risk of stroke compares with aspirin by ____ %

Back 17

8%

Front 18

What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke in N. America and Europe

Back 18

Atherosclerosis

Front 19

Atrial fibrillation and recent myocardial infarction are the most common causes of _________ stroke.

Back 19

Cardioembolic

Front 20

Hypertension has a relative risk for stroke of 2 to 4, which means:

Back 20

increases risk by 2 to 4

Front 21

Which antiplatelet is considered to be the "Gold Standard" of therapy for secondary stroke prevention?

Back 21

Aspirin

Front 22

One Trial found that doses od ASA at 300 mg/day, were effective as doses of 1,200 mg/day in preventing stroke, MI, or vascular death. However, lower dose resulted in fewer GI side effects. Which Trial was it?

Back 22

UK-TIA Study

Front 23

Which trial demonstrated that 75mg/dayof aspirin produced an 18% reduction in risk of stroke or death?

Back 23

SALT

Front 24

According to the package insert, to what extent did Aggrenox reduce the risk of stroke compared to Aspirin?

Back 24

22.1%

Front 25

Why was the Extended release form of dipyridamole selected for Aggrenox?

Back 25

To reduce the risk that serum levels of dipyridamole will fall below the therapeutic range toward the end of the dosing.

Front 26

Why did the ESPS-2 include a placebo arm?

Back 26

All the above

Front 27

The PUBLISHED results of ESPS-2 are based on the data collected at all but one of the 60 centersoriginally scheduled to take part in the trial due to:

Back 27

fradulent data

Front 28

Based upon the results of CAPRIE, the only patients who clearly benefited from clopidogrel wer thos with a history of _____

Back 28

PAD

Front 29

Which of the following agents may interact with Aggrenox

Back 29

NSAIDS, diuretics, warfarin

Front 30

In ESPS-2, Aggrenox reduced the risk of experiencing at least one TIA by _____% compared to placebo.

Back 30

35.9%

Front 31

What is the primary endpoint for assessing efficacy in ESPS-2?
stroke / deeath / stroke and or death/ all of the above

Back 31

all of the above

Front 32

In what patients is Aggrenox contraindicated?

Back 32

all of the above

Front 33

What adverse effects are associated with of dipridamole monotherapy?

Back 33

Headache and diarrhea

Front 34

Dur to a known effect of dipridamole, caution is advised when Aggrenox is used in patients with severe coronaryt artery disease, unstable angina, or recent heart attack. What effect of dipridamole is the reason for this precaution?

Back 34

Vasodilation

Front 35

The primaey endpoint for assessing efficacy in the CAPRIE Trial was:

Back 35

Composit outcome of aschemic stroke, MI, or vascular death

Front 36

According to the package insert, among patients receiving the placebo, the risk of stroke recurrence (stroke event rate)durring the 2 years of ESPS-2 was ____. Among those receiving aggrenox, the risk of stroke recurrence was _____.

Back 36

15.2% and 12.8%

Front 37

In the CAPRIE Trial, patients with prior stroke had ____reduction in the risk of composite outcome cor clopidogrel compared to aspirin.

Back 37

7.3%

Front 38

According to the Package insert, Aggrenox reduces the risk of stroke by ____ compared to placebo.

Back 38

36.8%

Front 39

What constituents make up Aggrenox? What dose and form of these ingredients is used?

Back 39

Satandard release asiprin,25 mg
Extended release dipridamole, 200mg

Front 40

What was the secondary endpoint of the ESPS-2?

Back 40

TIA, MI, ischemic events (including stroke, MI, and sudden death) and other vascular events.

Front 41

Which of these adverse events declined with time in all study groups in ESPS-2?

Back 41

Headache

Front 42

Which of the following is an important advantage of using Aggrenox, rather than clopidogrel, for secondary prevention of stroke:

Back 42

better efficacy
better safety

B and C

Front 43

Based on the CURE Trial, the indication for plavix now includes:

Back 43

Acute coronary syndrome (including unstable angina)

Front 44

What were the criteria for entry into the ESPS-2 trial?

Back 44

Patients must have had ischemic stroke or TIA within 3 months of entering the trial.

Front 45

What percentage of patients in ESPS-2 had co-existing cardiovascular disease?

Back 45

77%