Age Of Expansion (1865-1910)

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The late 1800's

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era of CHANGE

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First shot of Civil War

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April 12, 1861

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Alexander Graham Bell

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Telephone patent 1876

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By 1869 ______ spanned continent

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Railroad

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___________ in urban center by 1880's

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Electric Lights

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Nation's population doubled between _____ & _____

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1870-1890

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jingoistic solidarity

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chauvinistic; believed they were better than other parts

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Hegemony of world affairs

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we dominated the political landscape worldwide

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Spirit of _________ & ____________ is overwhelming.

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Spirit of OPTIMISM & SPECULATION is overwhelming.

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South recovered slowly from Reconstruction: _________ _________ ended, exploitation of _________ diminished

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South recovered slowly from Reconstruction: MILITARY OCCUPATION ended, exploitation of CARPETBAGGERS diminished

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Native Americans

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suffered greater than ever

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Assimilation of Native American prompted via ________ _________ Act of _____

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General Allotment Act of 1887

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Undermined tribal sovereignty by __________ policy that __________ individuals from _________ heritage and customs.

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Undermined tribal sovereignty by EDUCATIONAL policy that SEPARATED individuals from TRIBAL heritage and customs.

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Boarding schools discouraged ______________ ________ & ____________ ___________

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native languages & traditional practices

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_________________ transformed peoples from California to New Mexico into Americans in political sense

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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13th Amendment in ________ freed _________ slaves and began _____________(1866-1877)

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1865; 4 million; Reconstruction

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Abandoned by _________ ___________ & __________ party, blacks oppressed by "____ _____" laws

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Abandoned by SUPREME COURT & REPUBLICAN party, blacks oppressed by "JIM CROW" laws

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___% of southern land was owned by __% of whites---sharecropping and _________ farming typical

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60% of land; 10% of whites; tenant farming typical

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By 1900, _/_ of southern ________ population tenant farmers

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3/4ths of southern black population

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Ku Klux Klan organized in ____(year)

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1866

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1885-1910 ---- over ________ __________ documented

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3500 lynchings

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happy darky and self-sacrificing Mammy

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Minstrel shows

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Some claimed blacks were ____

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non-human and likely doomed to extinction

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Retrogressionist argument

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black had deteriorated after freed from slavery

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---- depicted noble South with kindly master and loyal slaves.

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Plantation school of novelists

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Thomas Dixon's __________________ resulted in __________ in 1915

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The Clansman; The Birth of a Nation

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Writers moved from _____________ toward __________.

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romanticism to realism

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transcendentalism is a form of ______

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romanticism

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Realists emphasize

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facts

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Realist view life _________

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scientifically

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Realists writers attempt to be __________ and ___________ of life.

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observer & reporter

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____________, writers who realistically depicted the daily and common actualities and dialect of their localities

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Regionalists

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Didactic = ___________

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instructs

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Regionalists often surrendered to _________ impulses shunned by rigid realists

Authors caught between __________ of older world and ____________ of new one

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didactic


idealism
expectations

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Regionalists ____________ characters in support of __________ moral judgements or ideals

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sentimentalized
predetermined

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The ____ Age (tainted) lasted from _____-_____

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Gilded; 18700-1880

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Gilded Age was labeled by _____ and ________

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Twain and Charles Dudley Warner

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Large demand for _______ attracted _______ immigrants in population of 40 million.

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labor; 7.5 million

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Uneducated and underprivileged began to for America's first _________ class in European sense
a.)_____________ work conditions
b.)__to__hour workdays

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working
unregulated
10-12

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Realistic in their aims, ______________ emerged on literary scene in _______.
(realists on crack, extreme realists)

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Naturalists
1890s

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_________ rely on empirical description of experience

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naturalists

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Naturalist foremost concerned with concrete factors in ___________ & ____________. (nature vs. nurture)

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character and environment

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_____________ motivated by note of pessimistic determinism, spiritual unrest, and disturbed religious faith.

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Naturalists.

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______,_____,_____,______ posthumously grow in popularity.

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Cooper, Irving, Poe, Hawthorne

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____,______,______ alive and grow in popularity

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Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell

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Emerging modern American literature often thought of as beginning before ______ ____ when optimistic voice of ____ _______ first heard.

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Civil War
Walt Whitman