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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gary Ives |
Secondary school in West Yorkshire Questioned 63 teenagers "Do people speak differently depending on their age?" 100% replied yes Made the assumptions that language becomes more standard, people stop swearing and start to sound more ‘posh’ Slang was also found to be popular among teens and thought to be specific to their age group >bare >beef >dench |
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What are the 3 concepts of age defined by Penelope Eckert? |
Chronological age Number of years since birth Biological age Physical maturity Social age Linked to life events |
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What does Jenny Cheshire state? |
"Language [...] develops in response to important life events that affect the social relations and social attitudes of individuals" |
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Penelope Eckert 1998 |
Teenagers use slang to 'establish a connection with youth culture and to set themselves off from the older generation... to signal coolness, toughness or attitude' Linguistic change is more common in teenagers >use of 'like' and 'okay' >rising intonation >Multiple negation |
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Odato 2013 |
Researched the use of 'like' in childrens speech Stage 1 Used infrequently and only in few syntactic positions, mainly the beginning of clauses Stage 2 Used more often and in greater number of positions. Girls reached this stage as 5, boys at 7 Stage 3 Now used more frequently and in other positions, girls also reached this stage earlier than boys |
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Berland 1997 |
Studied the use of tags such as 'innit', 'yeah' and 'right' Discovered social class also influenced this use 'Innit' More popular among the working class 'Yeah' Middle class 'Right' Used more frequently by boys the girls |
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Stenstrom |
Discussed a range of features she believed to be common in teenspeak Irregular turn taking Overlaps Indistinct articulation Clippings Teasing and name calling Verbal dueling Slang Taboo Language mixing (cultural) |
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Stenstrom Speech of 14-16 year olds in London |
Multiple negation Use of 'aint' Ellipsis of auxiliary verbs Non-standard pronoun use |
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Martinez 2011 |
Teens use negatives more frequently than adults Tend to speak in a more direct manner whereas adults are more conscious Mostly informal eg.. 'No way' 'Dunno' Multiple negation Non-standard use of 'never' |
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Bingham 2012 |
Important life events occur after the chronological age of 18 Given the term 'Emerging adulthood' Chronological age can still be an influential factor for younger speakers |
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Zimmerman 2009 |
Argues there are other factors which are influential in teenspeak >The media and press >New means of communication >Music >Street art and graffiti |
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Vivian de Klerk 2005 |
Young people have the ability to 'challenge linguistic norms' 'Seek to establish new identities' Feel the need to be established as different The need to belong to a group which is 'different to their parents, other adults and other young people ' to distinguish themselves as a different social group. |
