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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the term used to describe Latinized blacks who were from Spain or portugal or Spanish or Portuguese colonies |
Ladino |
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Why we're the earliest slaves sent to the new world shipped from lisbon, portugal, rather then directly from West africa |
The treaty of tordesillas gave portugal control over trade in Africa and Asia |
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Who were bozales in Spains new world |
Slaves born free in Africa |
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What role did fortification,such as eliminate Castle on the western coast of Ghana, play for European traders |
They served as trading centers for the transatlantic slave trade |
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What agreement between Spain and Portugal gave portugal control over the early transatlantic slave trade in 1494 |
The treaty of tordesillas |
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What did the asiento system change about the slave trade at the end of the 16th century |
It allowed Portuguese merchants to ship enslaves Africans directly from Africa to new Spain |
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Why did the Dutch and later the British ultimately dominate the transatlantic slave trade for the later half of the seventeenth century and all of the eighteenth century |
Portugal and Spain became enemies and transferred their business to the Dutch and then to the British |
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What was one impact the transatlantic slave trade have on europe |
It provided raw materials and capital that were crucial to Europe's economic growth |
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Captives from the interior regions of africa reached the west african coast |
In chained groups called coffles |
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Why did as many as one in ten potential slaves die before reaching the coast of africa |
The rigors of the journey were to much for some bear |
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What were the outdoor pens called in which slaves were held before boarding slave ships bound for the Americas |
Barracoons |
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Why did captives in Africa often belive the Europeans slave traders were cannibals who planned on eating them once they arrived on board the slave ship |
The fear of cannibalism was part of African lore about the dangers of foreign people |
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Why did some slave traders Pender tight packing over loose packing |
Tight packing maximized profits by shipping as many slaves as possible |
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On board slaves ships captives were separated from their families and divide by |
Gender |
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Throughout the slave trade men outnumbered women by a ratio of |
Two to one |
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Why we're slaves frequently brought on deck for an act the slave traders called "dancing the slaves"? |
They were forced story exercise to maintain their health. |
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Male captives on board slave ships were often placed under tighter restrictions and in more confined conditions than female slaves in order to.... |
Prevent insurrections. |
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What difficulties did enslaved women face in addition to being separated from their homes and families and having to endure brutal conditions aboard slave ships? |
Rape and sexual violence from the crew. |
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What was the greatest cause of death among slaves during the middle passage? |
Disease |
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Also known as the "bloody flax," why was dysentery the single biggest killer among captives on on slave ships? |
Poor food and water caused this infection to spread rapidly in the packed hulls. |
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Why did morality rates among slaves vary so widely on slave ships during the Middle Passage? |
The spread of disease was unpredictable. |
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How did female slaves aid insurrection on slave ships? |
They passed messages and weapons to male slaves. |
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Why was the burial at sea of those captives that died on the middle passage additionally painful and traumatic for the slaves who survived these horrors? |
The survivors were prevented from performing mortuary rites and coping with the loss of life. |
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Between the the sixteenth and the nineteenth century, when the slave trade was finally abolished, at least how many captives left Africa as slaves for the New World? |
12 million |
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Where was England's first successful permanent settlement in North America founded in 1607? |
Jamestown |
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What was the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company chartered by King James I in 1606 l, designed to do for England? |
Establish English settlement in the New World. |
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Who did English explorers, such as Sir Francis Drake, ally with to raid Spanish colonies in New Spain in the late sixteenth century? |
Maroon communities of escaped slaves. |
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In the early sixteenth century, the first English "adventurers" in the New World expected to support their colonies with what resource? |
Precious metals, such as silver and gold. |
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Before 1611, how did the first English colonies in North America survive their first few years? |
Corn supplied by local Indians. |
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What impact did tobacco have on England's Chesapeake colonies after 1611? |
It created a new market for labor due to the length and difficulty of its cultivation. |
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When we're the first American slave brought to England's Chesapeake Colony? |
1619 |
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How did England seek to increase the number of laborers in its North American colonies in the early seventeenth century? |
Indentured servants brought to America. |
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What sentence was imposed on the African American indentured servant John Punch in 1640 after he was captured in Maryland fleeing from a Virginia planter? |
Servitude to the planter for the rest of his life. |
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What did the law passed in Virginia in 1662 change about the legal status of slaves |
The enslaves status of black women became inheritable |
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What was the system of chattel slavery created by English colonist in North America |
African slaves were considered the property of their owners similar to livestock or furniture |
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What was the impact on slaves of the laws passed during the seventeenth century that were designed to clarify slaves legal status in English colonial society |
Women could not seek liberty for their children by claiming freemen as the father |
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What were the consequences of laws passed in Virginia in 1691 outlawing interracial marriage |
All marriages between blacks and whites became a crime |
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The previous legal protection for slaves was exempted by an act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1667 |
Baptism gave slaves legal standing in colonial courts |
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Why did the number of English men coming to Virginia decline by the middle part of the seventeenth century |
The colony's reputation for abusing and exploiting servants made it unappealing |
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Why did landless freemen servants and slaves join beacons rebellion in Virginia in 1676 |
The colony's Indian policy was not aggressive enough to suit their desire for land |
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How did Virginias colonial government respond to bacons rebellion |
The enacted laws allowing slave owners to kill rebellious slaves with imputiny |
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Why did the population of blacks in Virginia increase from approximately 7 percent in1680 to 44 percent by 1750 |
Virginia built a plantation economy that revolved around black slavery |
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What was the term that applied to slaves that recently arrived from Africa |
New negros |
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How did slaves who came from different parts of africa communicate with one another once on plantations in America |
They created Americanized or creole forms of communication |
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Who made up most of the Chesapeake free black population |
Descendants of slaves who secured their freedom from Virginia planters |
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About half of the planters who established the colony of Carolina in 1663 came from what other English colony |
Barnados |
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Rice was cultivated successfully in South Carolina despite the colonists lack of knowledge of how to grow it because slaves |
Used the same equipment and techniques they used in Africa |
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What kind of labor system was used in rice growing regions where the driver was chosen to oversee the work of other slave |
Task system |
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Why did slaves death routinely outnumber births in the carina through out the 18th century |
The brutal labor regime worked slaves literally to death |
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In what English colony did slaves never reach 3 percent of the population |
New England |
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How did some new England colonist acquire black slaves |
In exchange for native American prisoners of war |
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Why was it difficult in new England for slaves to start families |
Most slaves in new England were male |
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When did the Dutch begin importing african slaves to their settlements in North America middles Atlantic coast know as new netherland |
1626 |
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What company held a royal monopoly over the Dutch trade in the Americas and led to the colonization of new Netherlands |
West Indian company |
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What region did England claim permanently after seizing control of new Netherland from the Dutch in 1664 |
The middle Atlantic |
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England's king James developed polices that favored his controlling interest in the royal african company when he |
Imposed tariffs on domestic slave imports |
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New Jersey encouraged the importation of slaves to the colony and cultivation of the farm land when it |
offered sixty acres per slaves to colonist who imported slaves |
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Where did most slaves live in both the middle Atlantic and new England colonies |
Port cities |
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What kind of work did the middle Atlantic slaves do in English colonies |
Domestic work |
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What evidence suggests that there was controversy one quackery over the use of slaves |
German town quackery wrote the first fist American antislavery petition 1688 |
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What impact did objections to slavery by some quackery have on the institution of slavery in Pennsylvania |
The petitions did not stop quackery merchants from continuing to own slaves |
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Great Britain founded the colony of Georgia in 1732 as a |
As a buffer zone between Carolina and Spanish Florida |
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What was Louisiana economy originals based on in the 17th century |
Fur trade with the regions Indian nations |
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Officials from the company of the west indies in Louisiana capitalized on the slaves expertise by forcing them to grow what cash crop |
Rice |
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What did the code noir or black codes in the French colonies permit slave owners to do to their slaves |
Kill slaves who ran away 3 times |
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Spanish Florida was often a destination for run away slaves from Carolina because slaves |
And free blacks had a higher degree of autonomy in Florida than in other colonies |
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The community of freed slaves in the town of Garcia real de Santa Teresa de mose helped the colonial government in Spanish Florida by |
Tracking down runaway slaves |
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What did British royal officials initially agree to a ban on slavery during the founding of the colony of Georgia |
They knew slaves would not defend the colony against Spanish and Indian enemies |
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The salzburgers who migrated from Germany in 1734 opposed slavery in Georgia because they |
Feared slave insurrections like those in the west indies |
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What was the largest slave uprising in Britain's American colonies |
Stono rebellion |
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Where is it believed a majority of slaves who participated in the stono rebellion were from |
The kingdom of kongo |
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The rebels who participated in the stono rebellion in South Carolina |
were executed with out trial |
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South Carolina passed the 1740 negros act giving all whites the power to kill any slave who resisted interrogation or punishment because |
Slave owners hoped it would prevent future slave rebellions |
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Why did the Spanish start replacing indigenous labor with african labor in the 16th century |
The population of Indians rapidly declined mostly due to disease |
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What was the practice of half freedom in Dutch controlled new Netherlands during the seventeenth century |
Blacks who defended the colony would be freed but their children were not liberated |
