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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How has the geography of Africa impacted the history of the continent?(Hint: climate and other issues)
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The geography of Africa has determined where civilizations of the past have settled--for example, most civilizations have settled near rivers, such as the Niger River. Farming was plausible in the deserts and rainforests and though it was possible in the savannas, the rain there is unreliable. Rivers were difficult to navigate. Also, there are tse tse flies that transmit the sleeping sickness and mosquitos that transmit malaria.
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Compare the major civilizations of Africa to 1500. (Broad terms)
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Ghana was the first and it was less advanced than the rest, with kings who ruled without laws and reliant on a well
-trained army; Mali came next and was a center of Muslim learning; Songhai came next and was the largest and most powerful of all |
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Describe trade in Africa to 1500. (Location, trade goods, importance)
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Africans often traded across the Sahara Desert through camel caravans. Gold, iron tools and weapons, salt, and slaves were common exports.
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Describe the importance of the Bantu.(migration pattern and influence)
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- migrated out of West Africa over a course of 2000 years
- conquered, traded, and intermarried with existing groups - spread their language, knowledge of agriculture, and iron smelting techniques. |
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Describe the history of slavery in Africa.
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- Berbers regularly raided farming villages in the Sahara for captives
- They were either forced to do labor or sold - not seen as inferior, but trusted servants - slaves who worked on farmlands had the most difficult lives |
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Which religions are widely practiced in Africa today and how did past events influence the pattern of modern practice?
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- Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and traditional religions
- syncretism: the blending of two or more beliefs - religion brought to different regions through trade - marked by creator of god, ancestor worship, and afterlife |
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Silk Road!(General location, traded items, importance)
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Generally located between China and Northern Arabia. Items traded were (West) Arabian numbers, paper, plague, and silk. Things traded (East) were Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and horses. The importance of the Silk road is that it provided a reliable and fast trade route which helped improve money flow and helped economies of countries that took part in trading along the road grow and countries that bought those products traded. |
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What was the both the greatest achievement and downfall of the Sui Dynasty of China?
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-built the Grand Canal
-high taxes and forced labor upset the citizens |
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General info on the Tang Dynasty(When, importance, impact, culture)
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-organized China into a powerful, prosperous and productive society
-strong and benevolent ruler -lasted nearly 300 years |
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Five things the Tang do well leading to a long-lasting empire?
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1. administrative reform
2. good transportation and communication 3. equal allocation of farm land 4. military and diplomatic relations 5. revived the silk roads |
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Battle of Talas?
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(751)
-Tang v. Abbasid -Determined that Muslims would rule central Asia -(china was defeated) |
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Significance of the Song Dynasty?
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-Technologically and economically advanced.
-small size, focused on commerce not conquest -leading world innovations |
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Approach of Song Taizu to government and bureaucracy structure?
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-loyalty= reward
-officials appointed based on merit -placed bureaucrats in charge of military forces |
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Agricultural developments of the Song?
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-fast
-growing rice -heavy iron plows -used manure and fertilizer -irrigation systems -terraced mountain sides |
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Technological and industrial developments of the Song?
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-porcelain
-iron and steel production -gun powder -printing (block and reusable/ movable type) -naval technology-canvas and bamboo sails -rudder for steering -magnetic compass |
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Free Market/financial developments of the Song?
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-market economy emerging
-letters of credit |
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Examples of the harsh treatment of women in China.
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-foot binding
-Female infanticide -death penalty for women who violated codes of wifely practice -restricting remarriage for widows |
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Why did innovations NOT spread from China during the Song and what might be different if it had?
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-banned all foreign trade
-China would have started the industrial revolution |
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Examples of the positive and negative impact of the Mongols.
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-Positive: redistributed wealth, spared artisans, promoted trade, enforced law and order, placed government assistance for the poor-Negative: mass slaughter, destroyed irrigation systems and the land they conquered, spread disease
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Pax Mongolica?(When and importance)
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"Mongol Peace"
-created safe travels for people going through mongol land |
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Who are…Genghis Khan?Kublai Khan?Tamerlane?
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-Genghis Khan: founder of the Mongol Empire, known for uniting the lands
-Kublai Khan: grandson of Genghis, Leader of the Mongols -Tamerlane: founder of the Timurid Empire |
