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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nile River
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World's longest river.
Headwaters (start): Lake Victoria Mouth (delta/end): Mediterranean Sea -Cairo, Egypt |
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Madagascar
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World's fourth largest island.
-Also a country. |
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Great East African Rift
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Region of tectonic plate activity in E. Africa by the plates diverging.
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Highest point in Africa
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Mount Kiliminjaro
-18,240 feet -Kenya/Tanzania border. -It's a volcanoe. -Apart of GEARVS |
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Lowest point in Africa
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Djibouti's Lake Assal
-571 feet below sea level. -Also apart of GEARVS. |
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Horst
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Special plateaus formed by the surrounding land diverging.
-Common in GEARVS. |
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Graben
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Special valley/ depression formed by the surrounding lands diverging.
Ex: The many lakes in GEARVS. |
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Sahara Desert
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World's largest desert.
-1/3 of Africa. -As large as the contiguous USA. |
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Loess
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Geographic term for blowing silt or sand.
Saharan loess gets blown across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. |
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Erg
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Geographic term for sand dune.
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Big Daddy
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World's largest erg.
-1,100 feet. -In the Namib Desert in Nambibia. |
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Largest city in Africa. (Population)
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Cairo, Egypt.
-Approximately 14 million. |
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Largest country in Africa. (Population)
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Nigeria.
-8th largest in the world. -Approximately 155 million |
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Pharoah Scorpion I's tomb
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Heiroglyphics carved into bone fragments.
-Discovered and dated to 3300 BC. (5300 years old) -Oldest human writing ever found. |
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Mesopotamia
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Meso (between) potamia (rivers).
-Ancient Irag. -Between Tigris and Euphrates River. -One of the world's oldest civilizations. |
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Cuneiform
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Ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia.
-Wedge shaped pressed into clay tablets. -The oldest sample dates back to 3200 BC. (5200 years old) |
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Fertile crescent
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Considered the cradle of world civilization.
-Includes the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. -Mesopotamia (Iraq), Jordan (Israel), and the Nile (Egypt) |
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Meaning of the world's oldest writing
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Reciepts for taxes paid to Pharoah Scorpion I. He may have been the first pharoah of a unified Egypt.
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Maghrebs
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Islamic North Africa.
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Arab Spring 2011
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Wave of pro-democracy revolts that led to three North African dictators being overthrown in 2011.
-Tunsinia (he fled) -Egypt (he was arrested) -Libya (he was killed) |
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Shariah law
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Strict interpretation of Islam.
-Practiced by Islamic fundamentalists (extremeist). |
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Timbuktu, Mali
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Ancient trade center in Maghred.
-Founded by the Tuareg herders. -Today the word timbuktu means a far away place (middle of nowhere). |
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Tuareg
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Nomadic herders of North Africa (Berbers) in the Sahara Desert.
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Zawahari
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New leader of Al Qaida (Osama Bin Laden's terrorist organization) from Egypt.
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Col. Ghadafi
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Former dictator of Libya and enemy of the USA.
-Overthrown and killed by his own people during the Arab Springs revolt. |
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Pan Am 103
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Flight from London to NYC.
-Dec. 1998 -Blown up over Scotland by a Libyan bomb placed on board. -Worst terrorist attack until 9/11. |
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NATO airwar over Libya 2011
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NATO warplanes (including America) bombed Ghadafi's forces leading to his overthrowing by Libyan rebels.
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Sahel
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Arabic word for shore.
-Southern shore (edge) of the Sahara. -Geographic boundary between the two main parts of Africa, North and Sub-Saharan Africa. |
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Desertification in the Sahel
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Combination of drought and growing population in the sahel.
-Means the Sahara is expanding northward. |
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Animism
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Religon in which people believ in the presence of the spirits and forces and nature.
Ex: Sub-Saharan Africa and Japan. |
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The Lost Boys of Sudan
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Large group of about 10,000 orphans.
-Southern Sudanese boys who fled to Kenya (becoming refugees) to scape the genocide from the north in the 1990s. |
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South Sudan
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Broke away from Maghreb.
-Northern Sudan in 2011 after 5 decades of fighting and genocide. |
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Operation Restore Hope 1992
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US soldiers were sent to Somalia to make sure the donated food aid got to the starving Somalis. This ended in 1993 after the battle of Mogadishu when US army blackhawk helicopters were shot down.
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Maersk Alabama
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US ships hijacked by Somali pirates in 2009. These were rescued by Navy SEALS.
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Somali pirates
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They launch raids from Somalia (Horn of Africa) taking over ships and demanding ransom money.
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Berlin conference 1884
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European powers settled colonial disputes in Africa.
-All African lands were colonized by Europeans except Ethiopia and Liberia. |
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Rwandan genocide 1994
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Two rival African tribes, the Hutus and the Tutsis, engaged in a genocide against each other.
-About 1 million people were killed. |
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Imbabazi
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The orphanage that Roz Carr established for orphans of the Rwandan genocide.
-Word means "motherly love". |
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Zanzibar
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Well known Tanzanian tropical resort island in the Indian Ocean.
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Swahili
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Lingua franca (commonly used language) of Eastern Africa.
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Jane Goodall
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British scientist.
-World's leading expert on chimps. -She has a research park in W. Tanzania on Lake Tanganyika. |
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Serengeti plains/park
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Large national park in Tanzania.
-Famous for its diversity of wildlife. |
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Savanna
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Tropical grasslands
Ex: Serengeti plains/parks. |
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Human welfare in Africa
(Standard of living) |
Lowest in the world, primarily because most African countries are in the developing world and are extremely poor.
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HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
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About 75% of all HIV/AIDS cases in the world are in Sub-Saharan Africa.
-Major health issues. |
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Philanthropist Bill Gates
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He's the richest American and is now giving away his wealth to various causes.
Ex: Donated $100 million to try and find the HIV vaccine. |
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Pres. G.W. Bush's emergency program for AIDS relief
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First bill funded $15 billion for AIDS medications for Africa.
-Renewed the bill in 2008 for $30 billion more. |
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Malaria
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Disease spread by mosquitoes that is common in the tropics, but especially bad in Sub-Saharan Africa.
-Leading cause of death of young children in Africa. |
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Botswana's diamonds
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Worlds leading producer of diamonds.
-Native Kalahari bushmen are being evicted from their lands as the mining operations expand. |
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Apartheid
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Racial segregation system of South Africa.
-Ended in the 1990s. |
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Afrikaaners/ Afrikaans
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White South Africans.
-Mostly British and Dutch. -Afrikaans is a South African dialect, it is a blend of English and Dutch. |
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Homelands
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Reservations where the native black South Africans were forced to live during the apartheid era. Some are now independent nations.
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Mandela's 90th birthday celebration.
46664 concert in London |
2008 concert, 46664 was Mandela's prison number. That's how many tickets were sold to benefit his AIDS charity.
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Kofi Annan
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Leader of the United Nations from 1997-2007.
-From Ghana. -Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. |