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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In a traditional aviation engine, a magneto is responsible for ___________________ |
Ignition |
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At night, edge lights that are _______ in color identify airport taxiways. |
Blue |
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In aviation terminology, 'crab' can be defined as: |
The maneuvering of an aircraft partially into a crosswind to compensate for drift |
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When wing flaps are extended, they provide: |
Increased lift and increased drag |
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Name three of the main control surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft... |
Rudder (upper, lower), aileron (inboard, outboard), leading edge wing flaps |
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An aircrafts' thrust is inversely opposed by: |
Drag |
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The strobe lights and elevated light bars leading up to an airports landing strip are called: |
Approach Lighting System (ALS) |
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A form of jet engine which operates without a mechanical compressor at subsonic speeds is: |
Scramjet |
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A traditional turbojet engine is practical in today's: |
Medium-range cruise missiles |
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The thrust of a scramjet is developed by compressing air in the inlet and mixing it with burning fuel. This creates pressure, which is vented rearward creating thrust. This engine requires ______________ air flow to function. |
Supersonic |
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The four forces acting upon an aircraft in motion are lift, mass, thrust, and __________ |
Drag |
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When an object flows through the air a force is exerted upon it. _________ is the component of this force perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. This component contrasts with the force of drag. |
Lift |
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The airspeed of an aircraft is generally measured with this device: |
Pitot tube |
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The air frame which cargo and passengers inhabit and all other mechanicals are attached to is called the: |
Fuselage |
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The empennage encompasses: |
The tail |
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Lift is affected by several variables, on of which is: |
Air density |
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Traveling at Mach 3.5 is equivalent to: (Note: Mach 1 = 1225.03 KPH) |
1.19 Kilometers per second |
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An airfoil can be defined as: |
The shape of a wing or blade |
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An airfoil may experience ___________ in freezing conditions. |
Reduced efficiency |
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A steady red light from the tower signals to pilots: |
To continue circling |
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Mach 1 |
1234.8 Kilometers Per Hour 343 Meters Per Second 767.269 Miles Per Hour 1125.33 Feet Per Second |
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An aircraft's best angle of ascent is performed at an airspeed that will produce: |
The most altitude gain in a given distance |
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Delta wing aircraft have a wing in the form of a _________ and have no _____________. |
Triangle ; Horizontal stabilizer |
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The above aircraft can best be characterized as a: |
Mid-wing aircraft |
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Lift is generated __________ to the direction of flight in fixed-wing aircraft. |
Perpendicular |
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The force of weight is counteracted by _____________ in flight. |
Lift |
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The phenomenon where air stops flowing smoothly over the wings and the aircraft starts to lose lift is called __________. |
Aerodynamic stall |
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What is the function of the vertical speed indicator (variometer, vertical velocity indicator)? |
To indicate whether the aircraft is climbing, descending, or in level flight |
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__________ occurs when an aircraft at or near a stall begins to spontaneously roll, leading to a downward spin. |
Autorotation |
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Air flows _____________ over the top of an aircraft wing compared with under the wing. |
Faster |
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Which of the following are considered fighter aircraft? a. B1-B Lancer b. C2-A Greyhound c. B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber d. B52 Stratofortress e. None of the above |
C2-A Greyhound |
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Which type of fuselage design involves the use of bulkheads, stringers, and formers of various sizes and shapes to support a stretched skin? |
Monocoque |
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Which of the following are considered attack helicopters? a. AH-64 Apache b. CH-46 Sea Knight c. CH-47D Chinook d. B and C e. None of the above |
AH-64 Apache
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A rotary-wing aircraft creates lift by: |
Changing the angle that the blades meet the air |
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The amount of ____________ will determine whether the aircraft will climb, descend, or remain level at a given altitude. |
Engine power |
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The term yaw refers to how much or how little: |
The nose points to the right or the left (in a horizontal line) |
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What is the function of the altitude indicator? |
To represent the relationship of the aircraft to the horizon |
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The joystick controls ___________ and _____________. |
Roll, pitch |
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Straight wings are ideal for ____________, but are not ideal for ______________. |
Low speeds, high speeds |
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Which of the following air considered cargo aircraft? a. C-2A Greyhound b. C-17 Globemaster III c. C-21A Learjet d. C-130 Hercules e. All of the above |
All of the above |
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The primary flight control systems are: |
Ailerons, elevator/stabilizer, & rudder |
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The ____________ is a fireproof partition between the engine block and the cockpit. |
Firewall |
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What is the normal method for losing altitude? |
A partial power descent |
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What is an adverse yaw? |
A yaw in the direction of the raised wing. |
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Aircraft rudder effectiveness increases with __________. |
Speed |
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Which of the following is not one of the four traditional types of airspeed? a. Indicated airspeed b. Calibrated airspeed c. Equivalent airspeed d. Pressurized airspeed e. True airspeed |
Pressurized airspeed
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Which of the following are considered attack aircraft? a. F-117A Nighthawk b. AC-130 H/U Gunship Spectre/Spooky c. A10 ThunderboltII ("Warthog") d. None of the above e. All of the above |
All of the above |
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Aircraft with ___________ wing designs are designed to travel at supersonic speeds and land at high speeds. |
Delta |
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A stall is caused by ______________, and causes rapid decrease in lift. |
Low air speed |
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The secondary flight control systems are: |
Wing flaps and trim control systems |
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Which wing design is the most common design for modern high-speed planes? |
Swept wings |
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Moving the joystick or control wheel to the right would cause the right aileron to move _______________ while the left aileron moves ____________. This would cause the right wing of the aircraft to drop. |
Upward, downward |
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A _______________ wing requires no external bracing, while a _______________ wing requires both internal bracing and external support. |
Cantilever, semicantilever |
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What is the function of the altimeter? |
To measure height above sea level |
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What is the function of the airspeed indicator? |
To measure the difference between pitot (impact) pressure and static pressure |
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Which of the following is not an accepted type of altitude? a. Thermal altitude b. Indicated altitude c. True altitude d. Pressure altitude e. Density altitude |
Thermal Altitude |
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Which of the following is not one of the three main flight controls in a rotary-wing aircraft? a. Jet Thrust b. Cyclic c. Collective d. Directional Control System e. Vertical Control System |
Jet Thrust |
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__________ is the lift gained by a rotary-wing aircraft when it exits its own downwash. |
Translational lift |
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An example of a high lift device would be: a. flaps b. slats c. leading edge extensions d. all the above e. none of the above |
All of the above |
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Aircraft performance increases in cold weather because: |
cold air is more dense |
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IF you wanted to roll the aircraft about its longitudinal axis, what flight control movement would accomplish this? |
Aileron deflection |
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The standard altimeter setting used in Class A airspace would be: |
29.92 in Hg |
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During the execution of an aerobatic loop, what sort of energy will an aircraft have at the top of a loop? |
Potential energy |
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Airfield runways are numbered in accordance with: |
Their compass headings |
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In which of the following takeoff or landing situations would you be most concerned about aircraft performance? a. low altitude airport on a hot day b. low altitude airport on a cold day c. high altitude airport on a hot day d. high altitude airport on a cold day e. low altitude airport located next to water |
High altitude airport on a hot day |
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Lights that outline an airport taxiway are ________ in color. |
Blue |
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Extending wing flaps produces an increase in both lift and _________. |
Drag |
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The very thin layer of air flowing over the surface of an aircraft wing, an airfoil, or over the entire fuselage is called: |
The boundary layer |
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A smooth boundary layer is called: |
Laminar flow |
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A detached boundary layer is called: |
Turbulent flow |
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If your cockpit turn and bank indicator shows a perfectly centered ball: |
the aircraft is in aerodynamically balanced flight. |
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What effect do wing spoilers have when they are employed? |
They disrupt the boundary layer airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag. |
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The aircraft instrument that transmits signals that identify various aircraft parameters to air traffic control and flight monitoring organizations is the: |
Transponder |
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The transponder can also be known in the military as: |
The IFF - Identification, Friend or Foe |
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How would taking off into a headwind affect your aircraft? |
Your takeoff distance would be shorter with an increased climb angle |
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The acronym VSI stands for: |
Vertical Speed Indicator |
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The VSI instrument indicates: |
Rate of climb, rate of descent, and level flight |
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If one end of a runway is numbered 33, what would the other end be numbered? |
15 |
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Ground speed can be affected by which of the following? a. pressure b. altitude c. wind d. heat e. rain |
Wind |
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The two main types of drag an aircraft experiences in flight are: |
Parasite and induced |
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Bernoulli's Principle states that... |
When there is an increase in velocity there must be a decrease in pressure. |
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What are the two types of swept wings? |
Moderately swept wings & Sharply swept wings |
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Where is an afterburner located? |
Between the turbine and the rear exhaust nozzle |
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What is Newton's First Law |
A body at rest tends to stay at rest and a body in motion tends to stay in motion. |
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What is Newton's Second Law? |
F=MA |
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What is Newton's Third Law |
For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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What is the flight envelope? |
Any combination of lift, weight, thrust, and drag that allows the aircraft to fly safely. |
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What is parasitic drag? |
The airplane pushing air out of its wave as it moves forward. (Think of your hand out the window of a moving vehicle) |
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What is induced drag? |
Induced drag is a result of lift |
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What is flight attitude? |
An airplane's position in flight |
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What is the longitudinal axis of an aircraft? |
The axis that runs from nose to tail |
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What is movement about the longitudinal axis called? |
Roll |
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What is the lateral axis of an aircraft? |
Axis that runs from wingtip to wingtip |
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What is movement about the lateral axis called? |
Pitch |
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What is the vertical axis of an aircraft? |
Axis that passes through the aircraft's center of gravity. |
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What is movement about the vertical axis of an aircraft called? |
Yaw |
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Which control surface controls pitch? |
Elevators |
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Which control surface controls roll? |
Ailerons |
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Which control surface controls yaw? |
Rudder |
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What is our atmosphere composed of? |
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Other Gasses |
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What is atmospheric pressure at sea level? |
14.7 PSI 29.92 Hg |
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What air properties affect an airplane in flight? |
Temperature, air pressure, humidity |
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Primary control systems are: |
Ailerons, elevator, and rudder |
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Secondary control systems are: |
wing flaps and trim controls |
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What are the 3 ways to control an aircraft from inside the cockpit? |
The joystick, rudder pedals, and throttle |
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What is an altimeter? |
A device that measures the altitude of a plane (usually above sea level) |
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What are the 5 types of altitude? |
Indicated Altitude - uncorrected altitude True Altitude - Actual vertical distance above sea level. Absolute Altitude - Vertical distance above the ground. Pressure Altitude - Altitude indicated when altimeter is adjusted to 29.92 Hg. Density Altitude - Pressure altitude corrected for variations from standard temperature. |
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What color are hospital heliports? |
Red "H" on a white cross |
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What color are taxiway markings? (Areas not intended for use by aircraft) |
Yellow |
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What are the 3 types of paved runways? |
Visual, non-precision instrument, and precision instrument |
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What are Runway End Identification Lights (REIL) |
A pair of synchronized flashing lights installed at the runway threshold - one on each side |
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What are runway end lights? |
A pair of 4 lights on each side of a runway extending the full width of the runway.
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What are runway edge lights? |
White elevated lights running the length of the runway, becomes yellow in the last 2,000 feet. |
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What is the Runway Center-line Lighting System (RCLS)? |
White lights embedded in the runway center-line at 50 ft intervals. Changes to white/red alternating 3,000 ft from the end of the runway Changes to red the last 1,000 ft of the runway |
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What is a Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) |
A system of lights that provide descent guidance information. |
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On a conventional fixed-wing aircraft, the _________ and ____________ maintain pitch and yaw. |
Horizontal stabilizers ; vertical stabilizers |
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A ramjet engine consists of: |
inlet, combustion zone, and a nozzle |
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What four factors affect density altitude? |
altitude, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and temperature |
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What does the prefix AH stand for? |
Attack Helicopter |
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What does the prefix CH stand for? |
Cargo Helicopter |
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What does the prefix HH stand for? |
Heavy-lift and large rescue helicopter |
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What does the prefix MH stand stand for? |
Helicopter modified for special ops |
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What does the prefix OH stand for? |
Observation, recon, and courier helicopter |
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What does the prefix SH stand for? |
Anti-Submarine warfare helicopter |
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What does the prefix UH stand for? |
Utility / General purpose helicopter |
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What does the prefix A stand for? |
Attack Airplane |
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What does the prefix B stand for? |
Bomber Airplane |
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What does the prefix C stand for? |
Cargo Airplane |
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What does the prefix AC stand for? |
Cargo airplane modified to perform attack missions |
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What does the prefix KC stand for? |
Cargo airplane modified to perform aerial refueling missions |
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What does the prefix E stand for? |
Electronic airplane |
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What does the prefix F stand for? |
Fighter airplane |
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What does the prefix F/A stand for? |
Fighter/Attack airplane |
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What does the prefix O stand for? |
Observation airplane |
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What does the prefix P stand for? |
Observation airplane |
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What does the prefix Q stand for? |
UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle |
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What does the prefix R stand for? |
Reconnaissance airplane |
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What does the prefix S stand for? |
Anti-submarine airplane |
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What does the prefix T stand for? |
Trainer airplane |
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What does the prefix U stand for? |
Utility airplane |
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What does the prefix V stand for? |
Vertical Take-off/landing airplane |
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What is a monoplane? |
An airplane with one set of wings |
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What is a biplane? |
An airplane with two sets of wings, usually stacked vertically |
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What is a wing that requires no external bracing? |
Cantilever wings |
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What is camber? |
The amount of curve on an airfoil |
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What is the distance from the leading edge of the wings to the trailing edge called? |
Chord |
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What are the 4 types of airspeed? |
Indicated Airspeed - Read directly from dial measuring from pitot tube Calibrated Airspeed - Calculated after accounting for aircraft mechanical and position errors (Altitude) Equivalent Airspeed - Calculated after compensating for compression effects (usually only needed at speeds over 200 mph) True Airspeed - Calculated after accounting for temperature and atmospheric pressure |
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What is Hypoxia? |
A condition caused by insufficient oxygen in the bloodstream. Usually caused by un-pressurized flight at high altitudes. |
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Three main controls in a rotary wing aircraft: |
The Cyclic - controls tilt of the main rotor The Collective - controls the angle of the main rotor blades The tail rotor pedals - controls the pitch of the tail rotor blades |
