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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Take off distance can be reduced by ______.
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increasing wing camber
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Maximum range is defined as the ______.
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Maximum distance an aircraft can fly on given amount of fuel
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Critical Mach number is defined as the _______.
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Mach number that produces the first evidence of local supersonic flow
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Flying _____ will give you the most distance for the airplane's altitude if the engine fails.
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best glide speed
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A headwind will ____ maximum glide range.
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decrease
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Landing roll is decreased by ______.
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a headwind
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P-factor is caused by _____.
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one propellor blade create more thrust than its opposing blade
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If the propeller rotates clockwise, _____.
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torque is opposite or counterclockwise
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Turn rate and radius are based on what factors?
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Velocity, bank angle, weight
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In a skid, the balance ball of the turn and bank indicator is _____.
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deflected in th opposite direction of the turn
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Thrust must increase in a turn due to the increase in _____.
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drag
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Load factor is the ratio of the _____ divided by _____.
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load; weight
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Limit load factor is defined as ______.
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the greatest load factor an airplane can sustain without risk of permanent deformation or damage
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Asymmetric G limit are lower than symmetric because _______.
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The lift on th up-going wing is experiencing more G than what is read on the accelerometer
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The G force required to maintain a 60 degree bank level turn is _____.
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+2.0
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Positive static stability is ______.
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the initial tendency of an object to return to its original equilibrium
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Neutral dynamic stability is ______.
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where oscillations never dampen but remain at a constant amplitude
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After a disturbance that rolls the airplane, "....it generates forces that reduce the bank angle and returns it to wings-level", is the definition of ______.
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lateral stability
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Cross-coupling causes ______.
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spiral and directional divergence
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A PIO in the pitch axis is the result of _____.
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the pilot and the inheren longitudinal stability of the airplane simultaneously trying to correct for the same oscillations
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Takeoff distance is ______.
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increased by tailwind
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Max range is defined as _____.
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The farthest distance an airplane can travel on a given amount of fuel
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Max endurance is ______.
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the maximum time that an airplane can remain airbourne on a given amount of fuel.
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Max glide range (flown at Best Glide Speed) is _______.
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obtained by flying at L/DMAX airspeed
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Gaining the most altitude in a given amount of time is ______.
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Max Rate of Climb
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Slipstream swirl is most noticeable ______.
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at high power settings and low airspeed
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Ultimate load factor for the T-6A is defined as ______.
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the maximum load factor that the airplane can withstand without structural failure
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Turn radius is ______.
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a factor of velocity and bank angle
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Critical Mach is defined as _____.
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the Mach number that produces the first evidence of local supersonic flow
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Sideslip angle is ______.
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the difference between the flightpath and the longitudinal axis
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Takeoff distance is ______.
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increased by tailwind
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Max range is defined as _____.
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The farthest distance an airplane can travel on a given amount of fuel
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Max endurance is ______.
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the maximum time that an airplane can remain airbourne on a given amount of fuel.
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Max glide range (flown at Best Glide Speed) is _______.
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obtained by flying at L/DMAX airspeed
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Gaining the most altitude in a given amount of time is ______.
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Max Rate of Climb
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Slipstream swirl is most noticeable ______.
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at high power settings and low airspeed
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Ultimate load factor for the T-6A is defined as ______.
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the maximum load factor that the airplane can withstand without structural failure
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Turn radius is ______.
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a factor of velocity and bank angle
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Critical Mach is defined as _____.
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the Mach number that produces the first evidence of local supersonic flow
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Sideslip angle is ______.
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the difference between the flightpath and the longitudinal axis
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When flying at maximum endurance airspeed in the T-6A, increasing AOA to maintain level flight will result in ______.
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slower airspeed requiring more power
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What is the difference between maximum rate of climb and maximum angle of climb?
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Maximum Rate of Climb: Maximum altitude gained in a given amount of time.
Maximum Angle of Climb: Maximum altitude gained for distance traveled |
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What is the difference between maximum endurance and maximum range?
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a. Maximum endurance: greatest amount of time an aircraft can remain airborne for a given amount of fuel. Maximum endurance airspeed
b. Maximum range: greatest distance an aircraft can travel for a given amount of fuel. maximum range airspeed. |
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What is the definition of th ebest glide speed and what is it for the T-6A?
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a. Best glide speed is that airspeed that gives the maximum range in a power-off glide.
b. best glide speed for a clean T-6A is approximately 125 KIAS (L/Dmax airspeed) |
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What is the region of reverse command?
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Region of thrust/power required curve left of minimum thrust/power required point. In the region of reverse command, more power is required at slower airspeeds to maintain level flight
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What control input is needed to compensate for torque effect?
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Right rudder
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If the propeller rotates clockwise, torque is _____.
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opposite or counterclockwise
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What causes P-factor?
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One Propeller blade creating more thrust than its opposing blade
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What control inputs are necessary to perform a coordinated, level turn? What is the proper balance ball indication during the turn?
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a. Stick:
1. Moved in the direction of turn 2. Neutral after turn esablished b. Rudder: 1. Applied in the direction of turn 2. Neutral after bank established c. stick: Back pressure d. PCL: increase thrust/power (as required) e. Balance Ball: Centered |
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What are the causes and differences between a slip and a skid? Which one is more dangerous in-flight?
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a. Slip: Insufficient or opposite rudder; ball deflected inside; turn radius increases; turn rate decreases
b. Skid: Too much rudder; balance ball outside; turn radius decreases, turn rate increases c.Skids are more dangerous at low altitude and low airspeed |
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Why does an aircraft experience more G forces in a level turn than in straight-and-level flight?
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a. in a turn, total lift must be greater than 1 G so the vertical component of lift equals weight
b. more bank = more total lift required |
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What is the difference between symmetric and azymmetric G-loading?
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a. Symmetric: Elevator deflection only
b. Asymmetric: Aileron/rudder deflection with elevator deflection |
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What is stability? What is the difference between static and dynamic stability?
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a. Stability: Tendency for an object to return to a state of equilibrium when disturbed
b. Static stability: Initial tendency of an object to move toward or away from its original equilibrium position c. Dynamic stability: Position or motion of object ovr time of after being disturbed from equilibrium |
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What is the relationship between aircraft stability and aircraft maneuverability?
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a. They are opposites
1. stable aircraft are harder to maneuver(transports) 2. aircraft easier to maneuver are less stable (fighters) |
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What is the difference between sideslip angle and sideslip relative wind?
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a. Sideslip angle: Difference between flight path and longitudinal axis
b. sideslip relative wind: component of the relative wind parallel to the lateral axis |
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When do pilot induced oscillations (PIOs) occur and what is the remedy if a PIO occurs?
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a. PIO occurs when the pilot over controls the aircraft in response to short period pitch and AOA oscillations. This over control leads to oscillations which increase in amplitude over time.
b. Problem is corrected by neutralizing stick or freezing stick just aft of center |
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Of the factors affecting takeoff and landing performance, what is the single largest contributor to increasing takeoff of landing?
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weight is the greatest factor. Doubling weight quadruples both takeoff and landing distance.
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Why is it impossible to exceed the aircraft load limit at airspeeds below cornering velocity?
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Cornering velocity is the minimum airspeed at which the aircraft G-load limit can be obtained. Below this airspeed the aircraft will stall, making an over-G condition impossible
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What is the difference between positive and negitive static stability?
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a. Positive static stability: initial tendency is for the object to return to its original equilibrium position
b. Negative static stability: initail tendeny is for the object to move away from its original equilibrium position |
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Which airframe component is the largest positive contibutor to aircraft directional static stability?
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The vertical stabilizer is the greatest positive contributor to directional static stability due to its weathervane effect.
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Describe laminar airflow.
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Area of the boundary layer where air molecules flow smoothly within the streamline
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What force opposes and control the adverse pressure gradient?
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The kinetic energy of the relative wind
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What is the definition of bounday layer separation?
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Point in the streamline where airflow no longer adheres to the airfoil
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What is the point of stall on a Cl curve?
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CLMAX
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What is the definiton of a stall?
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Conditions in flight where increase in AOA results in decrease in CL
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What is the key difference between an aircraft's stall AOA and stall airspeed?
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Stall AOA remains constant- stall airspeed is variable
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What are the factors associated with increased thrust that impact stall characteristics?
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Vertical thrust component and propeller acceleration factor
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What are the major classifications of stalls?
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Power-on stall
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Which flight control would you normally expect to be least effective during a sall/stall recovery?
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Ailerons
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How do you think increased G loading will affect stall airspeed?
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Stall airspeed increases
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If maintaining level flight, what happens to stall airspeed as you increase bank angle?
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Stall airspeed increases because of the increae in load factor needed to maintain level flight
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What is the effect of increased weight on stall airspeed?
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Stall airspeed will increase
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Higher G loading and higher bank angle = ______ stall airspeed.
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higher
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What is the basic function of a boundary layer conrol (BLC) devices?
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To suppress boundary layer separation
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What is the T-6A stall AOA?
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Helps maintain directional stability and slows adverse yaw development
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What is the primary artificial stall warning in the T-6A?
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18 units
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What does activation of the stick shaker indicate?
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Stick shaker
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What is the definition of BLC?
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Point in streamline where airflow no longer adheres to the airfoil
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What effect does increasing AOA have on the kinetic energy of the relative wind?
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Decreases it
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What is the definition of a stall?
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Condition in flight where increase in AOA result in decrease in CL
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What are the two major classifications of stalls?
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Power-on stall and power-off stall
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What are the benefits provided by BLC devices?
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Increased maneuvering capablities, decreased landing speed and distance
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Which type of stall will have the lower stall airspeed?
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Power-on stall
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What is the T-6A stall AOA?
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18 units
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What is te only reason the T-6A will stall?
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Exceeding T-6A stall AOA (18 units)
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Can a aircraft that is stalled be in a spin?
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No. Both stall and yaw must be present to spin
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Define poststall gyration?
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Aerodynamic forces during stall that result in movement around the pitch, roll, and yaw axes
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What is the key factor affecting the intensity of poststall gyrations?
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The airspeed at the time of stall
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What is the definition of AOA?
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Angle between the chordline and the relative wind
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In a spin, which wing will have the higher AOA, up-going wing?
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Down-going (inside) wing
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What is the cause of autorotation in a spin?
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Unequal lift and drag forces acting on each wing
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If installed and yawed, which aircraft would enter an inverted spin?
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Neither. An aircraft must be in a negative G stall and yaw to enter an inverted spin
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How does anti-spin rudder aid in recovery?
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Slows rotation and decreases AOA
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as aircraft spinning with the stick other than full aft be in an accelerated or unaccelerated spin?
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Anytime the aircraft is spinning with the stick other than full aft, the spin is accelerated
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Higher pitch attitude at stall results in _____ spin entry and ______ oscillations.
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slower; less
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Will a left or right spin stablize at a lower pitch attitude?
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right
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What causes the variance in left and right spin characteristics?
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Gyroscopic effect of the propeller
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What two conditions must be present in order for an aircraft to spin?
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stall and yaw
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How does the introduction of yaw affect the lift and drag of a stalled wing?
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Causes asymmetrical lift and drag between the outside and inside wing
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What conditions must be present to enter an inverted spin?
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Negative G stall and yaw introduced
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What is the main accelerated spin?
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Conservation of angular momentum
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What causes an accelerated spin?
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Spinning with the control stick anywhere other than full aft
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In a right spin, which rudder position will provide the greatest anti-spin forces?
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Full left rudder
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How can a progressive spin be entered?
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By maintaining full aft stick while applying, and holding anti-spin rudder
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