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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a sinus dysrhythmia?
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rate varies with respirations
rate increases on inhilation rate decreases on exhilation more common in children |
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On ECG paper what is the value of the horizontal small box?
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small = 0.04 sec
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On ECG paper what is the value of the horizontal large box?
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large = 0.20 sec
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On ECG paper what is the value fo the vertical small box?
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small = 0.1 mv
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On ECG paper what is the value of the vertical larger box?
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large = 0.5 mv
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What is the normal P-R interval?
(time) |
0.12 - 0.20 sec
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What is the normal QRS complex?
(time) |
0.04 - 0.12 sec
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What is a possible serious complication of A-fib?
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BLOOD CLOTS!
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What does A-fib look like?
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wavy baseline, no recognizable P waves, ventricular rhythm is irregular
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What does atrial flutter look like?
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saw tooth pattern
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what is depolarization associated with?
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systole
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what is repolarization associated with?
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diastole
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what does the P wave represent?
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atrial depolarization
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what does the QRS complex represent?
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ventricular depolarization
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IF the QRS complex is wider than 0.12 what is it considered?
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bundle branch block (BBB)
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what does the T wave represent
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repolarization of the ventricles
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what is the triad of risk factors for a PE?
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venous stasis
hypercoagulability vascular wall damage |
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what is an aneurysm
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a point of weakness, dilation or outpouching of an artery
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what is the typical patient with an aneurysm
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male
over 60 mildly obese sedentary smoker hypertension CAD DM |
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What are the S/S of a ruptured aneurysm
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severe pain, signs of shock, decreased RBC, increased WBC
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What are the s/s of an abdominal aneurysm
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palpable mass, systolic bruit, with or without abdominal or back pain
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what are the S/S of a thoracic aneurysm
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chest wall pain, dyspnea, cough, wheezing
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what are s/s of pericarditis
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pain (may be similar to MI), dyspnea, pericardial friction rub, symptoms of CHF
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what are complications of pericarditis
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pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
cardiac tamponade is an emergency situation |
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what is endocarditis
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infection of then endocardioum heart valves are most often effected
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what is cardiomyopathy
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disease of cardiac muscle
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what is the most common form of cardiomyopathy
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dilated cardiomyopathy
the myfibrils become floppy |
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what is do cardiomyopathy's cause
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Heart failure
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what is Rheumatic Heart Disease characterized by?
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scarring and deformity of the heart valves
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what is the most definitive and noninvasive test for mitral stenosis
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ECHO
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what are the signs and symptoms of aortic stenosis
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angina
syncope dyspnea |
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what is cardiac output
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the amount of blood ejected into the aorta every min
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what is normal cardic output
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4-8L/min
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what is a normal ejection fracture
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at least 50%
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what ejection fracture is considered heart failure
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less than 40%
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what is a positive inotropic effect
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increased force of contraction
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What is a negative inotropic effect
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decreased force of contraction
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what is a positive chronotropic effect
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increased heart rate
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what is a negative chrontropic effect
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decreased heart rate
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what is part of the patient prep for a cardiac cath
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check for allergies, NPO or clear liquid, informed consent
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what are the expected sensations during a cardiac cath
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flush, warm, fluttering , nausea with injection on contrast material
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what is some post cardiac cath nursing care
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bed rest 4-14h, elevate HOB only 30 degrees, monitor for bleeding,
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what are EKG changes with ischemia
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ST segment depression and symmetrically inverted T waves
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what are EKG changes with injury
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ST segment elevation
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what are the cardiac enzymes that you would expect to be elevated in dignosis of an MI
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troponin level indicated myocardical damage
CK CKMB |
