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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Analgesic |
Having a painkillers effect |
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Benzene ring structure |
What is a hydrocarbon containing 6 carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms |
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Amino group |
A functional group comprising one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms |
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Carboxyl group |
A carbon atom double - bonded to an oxygen atom and single - bonded to a hydroxyl group |
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Carboxylic acid |
An organic compound containing the carboxyl functioning group, and carbon with double - bonded oxygen, and an alcohol group atteched |
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Caroteniods |
Terpeniod compounds with 40 carbon atoms |
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Catalyst |
A stimulant that initiates and/or increases the rate of a chemical reaction. |
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Chlorine |
A halogen element commonly a gas that is a strong oxidizer with a strong odor |
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Coenzymes |
What are vitamins or hormones that assist in any enzyme's activity or act as a cofactor |
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What is a covalent bond |
Sharing of electrons between atoms that binds the atoms together |
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What is a sugar made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose |
Disaccharide |
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What are proteins that regulate and catalyze biological reactions in living organisms |
Enzymes |
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What are electrons |
Subatomic particles that carry a negative charge and circle the nucleus |
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What is an equation |
Notation representing a chemical reaction |
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What is a compound structure that is formed through the reaction of an acid with an alcohol |
Ester |
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What are fatty acids |
Lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats |
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What is an atom or group of atoms that bonds to a reactive area of an organic compound giving the compound many of its overall characteristics |
Functional group |
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What does the term "hydrophobic " mean |
Not absorbing or mixing with water |
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What is a bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Ionic bond |
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What are isoprene units |
Hydrocarbon chains with 5 carbon atoms |
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What term refers to a family of carbohydrates made of a single sugar unit that cannot be converted into smaller carbohydrate molecules |
Monosaccharide |
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What is the nucleus |
Center of the atom |
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What are neutrons |
Subatomic particles found in the nucleus that carry no charge |
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What term refers to compounds that contain the elements carbon |
Organic compounds |
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What are peptide bonds |
The primary linkage between all proteins |
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What term refers to a chart of all the known chemical elements , including naturally occurring elements and synthetic elements |
Periodic table of the elements |
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What are physiologically active organic compounds containing an aromatic ring and a three - carbon chain |
Phenylpropanoids |
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What are carbohydrates that contain 3 or more simple carbohydrate molecules |
Polysaccharides |
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What term refers to the metabolites required for the growth, structure, and reproduction of a plant |
Primary metabolites |
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What are protons |
Subatomic particles found in the nucleus that carry a positive charge |
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What condition is the result of an oxygen reaction at the unsaturated site of a fatty acid causing decomposition of the oil and a disagreeable odor |
Rancidity |
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What term refers to fatty acids that contain no double bonds |
Saturated fatty acids |
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What are terpeniod compounds |
Lipids made up of multiple isoprene units |
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What are fatty acids that contain at least one double bond |
Unsaturated fatty acids |
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What are valence electrons |
Electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of the atom |
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the human body's daily functioning is based on: |
chemical reactions |
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rusting iron and burning wood are examples of changes in: |
chemical properties |
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the lightest element on earth is: |
hydrogen |
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the most abundant element found on earth is: |
oxygen |
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four - fifths of the air inner atmosphere is made up of: |
nitrogen
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_______ makes up about 65% of the human body and covers 75% of the earth's surface. |
water |
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on the pH scale, _______is neutral |
7 |
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____________sudstances make up the physical mixtures of solutions, suspensions and emulsions. |
two or more |
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suspensions are made of _______ of two or more substances. |
uniform mixtures |
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_________ include skin cleansers, moisturizers , and body washes. |
oil - in - water emulsions |
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in water - in - oil emulsions, droplets of water are surrounded by surfactants with their "heads" (hydrophilic ends) pointing ____ and their "tails" (lipophilic ends) pointing _____. |
in, out |
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solutions, suspensions, and emulsions are ____ mixtures. |
physical |
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a _________is made up of two or more atoms that are chemically joined together . |
molecule |
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what takes place when ice melts and forms water, or when water turns into steam? |
change of state |
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the relative degree of _______ is the potential hydrogen (pH) of a substance. |
acidity or alkalinity |
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anything below 7 on the pH scale is considered: |
acidic |
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acid mantle: |
is the protective barrier of the skin |
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the three states of matter are: |
solid, liquid, and gas |
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how do antioxidants prevent oxidation from occurring? |
neutralize dress radicals |
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in skin care preparations, surfactants: |
wet the skin, disperse oil in water, emulsify oil and water |
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a________is a change in the state of a substance, without the formation of a new substance. |
physical change |
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two types of chemical reactions that are important to estheticians are : |
acid - alkali neutralization and oxidation reduction |
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in oil - in - water emulsions: |
droplets of oil are dispersed in water |
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oil - in - water is: |
oil added to water |
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an unstable mixture of two or more _______ substances united with the aid of an emulsifier is an emulsion. |
immiscible |
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water - in - oil emulsions are ______ than oil - in - water emulsions. |
greasier, more resistant , heavier |
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identify the characteristics of solid matter: |
definite size ( volume) and a definite shape |
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a liquid state of matter has: |
definite size, but not a definite shape |
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identify the physical properties of a substance: |
color, odor , weight, density, specific gravity, melting point, boiling point, harness |
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a change in the_________is a chemical change. |
chemical composition of a substance |
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on a pH scale, a change of one of one whole number |
represents a tenfold change in pH |
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the rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production go heat and light, is called: |
combustion |
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solutions, suspensions, and emulsions are differentiated by the: |
size of particles and solubility of the components |
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immiscible substances are: |
not mutually soluble |