Advanced Biology Chapter 24

Front 1

Eukaryotic

Back 1

An organism with a nucleus

Front 2

Mulitcellular

Back 2

An organism with more than one cell

Front 3

Heterotrophic

Back 3

Organisms who cannot make their own food

Front 4

Invertebrates

Back 4

Animals without backbones

Front 5

Exoskelton

Back 5

Hard or tough outer coverings that provide a framework of support, protect soft body tissue, and provide protection from predators

Front 6

Vertebrates

Back 6

Animals without backbones

Front 7

Zygote

Back 7

Fertilization occur when the sperm penetrates the egg to form a fertilized egg.

Front 8

Blastula

Back 8

The cells continue to divide, forming a fluid-filled ball of cells

Front 9

Gastrula

Back 9

The blastula continues to undergo cell division as some cells move inward.

Front 10

Endoderm

Back 10

Inner level of cells in the gastrula

Front 11

Ectoderm

Back 11

Outer layer of cells in the gastrula

Front 12

Mesoderm

Back 12

Layer of cells between the endoderm and ectoderm

Front 13

Asymmerty

Back 13

Animals that are irregularly shaped with no symmetry

Front 14

Radial Symmetry

Back 14

Animals that can be divided down any central plane and be the same - like a jelly fish

Front 15

Bilateral Symmetry

Back 15

Can be divided into mirror images - like a butterfly

Front 16

Cephalization

Back 16

The tendency to concentrate nervous tissue and sensory organs at the anterior end of the animal

Front 17

Coelomates

Back 17

Have a fluid-filled cavity with tissue formed from mesoderm that lines and encloses the organs in the coelom.

Front 18

Pseudocoelomates

Back 18

Have a fluid-filled body cavity that develops between the mesoderm and the endoderm rather than developing entirely within the mesoderm.

Front 19

Acoelomates

Back 19

Having solid bodies without a fluid-filled body cavity between the gut and the body wall.

Front 20

Protostomes

Back 20

The mouth develops from the first opening in the gastrula

Front 21

Deuterostomes

Back 21

The anus develops from the first opening in the gastrula.

Front 22

Archaeoctyes

Back 22

Specialized cells that secrete spicules, which are support structure of sponges.

Front 23

Spicules

Back 23

Spicules are small, needlelike structures made of calcium carbonate, silica, or a tough fibrous protein called spongin

Front 24

Cnidocytes

Back 24

Have one body opening and two layers of cells, outer layer of functions in protecting the internal body, inner layer function mainly digestions

Front 25

Nematocysts

Back 25

A capsule that hold a coiled tube containing poison and barbs

Front 26

Nerve Net

Back 26

Conducts impulses to and from all parts of the body

Front 27

Collar Cells

Back 27

Cells that line the inside of a sponge.

Front 28

ancestral animals at the beginning of the evolutionary tree be classified as what

Back 28

Eukaryotic and Multicellular

Front 29

In terms of feeding and digestion, all animals are classified as what?

Back 29

Heterotrophic

Front 30

List the 2 functions of the exoskeleton

Back 30

Protect soft body tissues

Provide protection from predators

Front 31

List 2 functions of the Endoskelelton

Back 31

Protect internal organs

Provide support for the body

Front 32

What has enabled animals to move in ways that are more complex and faster than organisms in other kingdoms

Back 32

the evolution of nerve and muscle tissues

Front 33

Briefly explain internal fertilization and external fertilization

Back 33

internal happens on the inside and external happens on the outside

Front 34

List 3 types of asexual reproduction

Back 34

Budding

Fragmentation

Regeneration

Front 35

What is so unique about the offspring of asexual reproduction

Back 35

A single paren produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself

Front 36

What develops in each of the following layers of cells in the gastrula

Back 36

Endoderm

Digestive Organs

Mesoderm

Muscle Tissue

Ectoderm

Skin

Front 37

Briefly explain each type of symmetry

Back 37

Asymmetry - no symmetry at all

Radial - central axis- many slices

Bilateral Symmetry - Central axis cut will give you two mirror images

Front 38

List the 2 ways that segmentation benefits animals

Back 38

Can survive damage to one segment

Movement is more effective

Front 39

Why are sponges considered to be primitive animals

Back 39

They are not made up of tissues

Front 40

Explain the process of "filter feeding"

Back 40

Food particles cling to the cells

Digestion of nutrients takes place within each cell

Front 41

What is the main difference between the body plans of sponges and cnidarians

Back 41

Sponges do not develop tissue

Cnidarians have one main body opening and two rows of cells

Front 42

Explain the feeding process of cnidarians

Back 42

Stings cells in the nematocyst to paralyze prey and then pull them in

Front 43

What are the two body forms of cnidarians

Back 43

polyp

medusa

Front 44

List the 3 kinds of Cnidarians

Back 44

Hydroids

Jellyfish

Corals