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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The 3 Body Planes |
Sagittal, Coronal (Frontal), & Transverse Plane |
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Superior, Inferior |
To the head (Above), to the feet (Lower) |
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Anterior (Ventral), Posterior (Dorsal) |
To the front of the body, to the back of the body |
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Cranial, Caudal |
Towards the head, towards the distal end of the body |
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Ventral, Dorsal |
Front side of the organ, Back side of the organ |
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Medial, Lateral |
Toward the midline of the body, toward the side of the body |
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Superficial, Deep |
Near the surface, away from the surface |
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Proximal, Distal |
Near the origin, Away from the origin. |
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Thoracic cavity (2 cavities within) |
Mediastinum & Pleural cavities |
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Abdominopelvic cavity (2 cavities within) |
Abdominal & pelvic cavity |
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Ventral cavity (2 cavities within) |
Thoracic & Abdominopelvic cavity |
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Dorsal body cavity (2 cavities within) |
Cranial & spinal cavity |
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Mediastinum |
Trachea, heart, blood vessels |
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Pleural cavities |
Lungs |
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Abdominal cavity |
Liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine & part of large intestine |
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Pelvic cavity |
Lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs |
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Cranial cavity |
Brain |
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Spinal cavity |
Spinal cord |
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9 abdominal regions |
Right & Left hypochondriac Right & Left lumbar Right and left iliac Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric |
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Molecule |
When 2 or more atoms unite |
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Atoms |
The building blocks of matter |
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Cell |
The smallest living unit & function in the body |
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Tissue |
Organization of cells to perform a common function |
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Organ |
Organization of different tissues to perform a special function. |
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System of the body |
Organization of many organs to perform complex functions for the body. |
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Plasma membrane |
Forms the outer boundary of cell |
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Cytoplasm |
Protoplasm; Made up of 70% water, food, minerals, enzymes, & other materials in the cell. |
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Nucleus |
Responsible for reproduction & controls other organelles inside the cell. Contains nucleolus & chromatin granules (protein & DNA) |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
The circulation system in the cytoplasm for carrying substances. 1) smooth for fatty substances 2) rough for manufacturing protein |
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Ribosomes |
Protein factories structures floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Produce enzymes & other proteins. |
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Mitochondria |
Powerhouses in the cell. Bean shaped. Converts food into energy (Adenosine Triphosphate aka ATP) for the cell. |
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Lysosomes |
Sac like structures in the cells. Contain enzymes for digesting food compounds & microbes invading the cell. |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Packaging Plant in the cell. Packages certain carbs & protein compounds into globules of glycoprotein. |
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Centrioles |
Paired, rod shaped organelles in the cell. Aid in the formation of the spindle during mitosis. |
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Protein Synthesis |
Protein production from DNA to RNA to the ribosomes. |
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Mitosis |
Cell division 1) Prophase - Chromosomes form 2 chromatids. The centrioles form spindle fibers. 2) Metaphase - Nuclear membrane disappears. Chromatids & centrioles align in position. Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid. 3) Anaphase - Centrioles pull the chromatid & cell division begins. 4) Telophase - 2 nuclei appear & chromosomes disperse & 2 daughter cells appear. |
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Active transport |
Requires energy from the cell. Cell obtains energy from ATP. To move substances from low to high concentration. |
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Passive transport |
No energy needed. Movement of small molecules across the membrane of the cell by diffusion. From high concentration to low. |
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Phagocytosis |
Process of the cell eating foreign material. Usually performed by white blood cells. |
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Pinocytosis |
Cell drinking |
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Sodium-potassium pump |
Active transporting sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell & potassium ions (K+) into the cell. Operates in the plasma membrane. |
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Calcium pump |
Active transporting intracellular calcium ions (CA2+) into compartments or out of the cell. |
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Osmosis |
Passive transportation of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Filtration |
Passive transport of water & small solute particles by force (pressure or gravity). No solid particles. |
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Diffusion |
Passive transport of solid particles from high to low concentration resulting in even distribution. |
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Epithelial tissue |
Covers the outside of the body & some internal structure. Protects, Absorbs, & secretes. 1) Simple squamous 2) Stratified squamous 3) simple columnar 4) Stratified transitional |
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Connective tissue |
Connects tissue or structures of the body. Surrounded by intercellular fluid. (Adipose fat, Areolar, Dense fibrous tendons & ligaments, cartilage, blood, bone, hematopoietic in red bone marrow) |
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Muscle tissue |
Contracts in response to the brain. Skeletal muscles (striated voluntary) Cardiac (striated involuntary) Smooth muscles (visceral involuntary) |
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Nervous tissue |
Nerves, Brain, spinal cord. Allows control of body functions. Composed of neurons (nerve cells) & glial cells (supporting & nourishing neurons). |
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3 parts of a neuron |
Dendrites - carry impulses TOWARD the cell body Cell body Axon - carries impulses AWAY from the cell body |
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Membranes (2 types) |
Epithelial & connective tissue |
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Epithelial membranes (2 types) |
Mucous & serous membranes |
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Mucous membranes |
Line the body surfaces open to the outside environment. Nose, mouth, urinary & respiratory tracts |
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Serous membranes |
Single sheet of membrane that prevents friction when organs touch. Lungs (pleura), intestines (peritoneum), heart (pericardium) The parietal membrane lines the wall of the cavity & the visceral membrane lines the viscera (organs). |