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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Normal aging
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Two types: optimal and typical. Involves changes in functioning and behavior in the various dimensions that are inevitable. They occur as the natural result of maturation or the passage of time
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Pathological aging
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Changes with age that are the result of abnormal conditions or disease processes, rather than to age per se
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Life cycle
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Young adulthood, middle age, and late adulthood
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Person-environment interaction
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Suggests that all aspects of human behavior and performance are the result of the interaction or transactions between individuals and their environment
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Transactional model
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Refers to the importance of the Person Environment Fit. This means that adaptation level depends on (1) Individual's abilities, (2) demands from the environment, (3) behavioral reactions to event/environment, and (4) emotional responses to event/environment
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Developmental niche
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Defined in terms of the culture or environment in which the individual best functions. Persons select those environments in which they can function mostt comfortably.
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Typical aging
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Aging of individuals who have one or more medical conditions that become prevalent in later life
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History-normative influences
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Events that occur at a specific point in time (day, month, or year) and theoretiically affect everyone in that society or culture. Can have either a short-term or long-term effect
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Non-normative influences
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Factors that are not related to age or history but still affect specific individuals during the life span. These factors cannot be attributed to the normal process of development or to the impact of historical change vents. (ex: winning the lottery)
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Age-related changes
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Assumed to be direct result of the aging process (Intra-individual change- within an individual over time)
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Traditionalists
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The cohort of individuals who were born between 1925 and 1945. The work ethics and values of this generation are "practical," "patient, loyal, and hard-working," "respectful or authority," and "rule followers."
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Millennials
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Persons born from 1981 to present. This is the first generation to be born into a wired world. Work ethics and work values of this generation are described as "hopeful," "meaningful work," "diversity and change values," and "technology savvy."
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Age continuum
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To the extent that there is something systematic and age-related about our behavior, the ___ ___ serves as our individual time line, which begins at birth and ends with death. Serves as a focus or basis for the itneractions of each of these dimensions
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Individual time line
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To the extent that there is something systematic and age-related about our behavior, the age continuum serves as our ___ ___ __ which begins at birth and ends with death.
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Historical time continuum
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Each point in history serves as a reference point, and thereby defines the larger context for our development.
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Contextual time
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historical continuum. We might draw several samples of a person's behavior at various chronological age points in time.
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Adaptation level
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The point at which the person is performing at a comfortable level relative to the external demands of the environment or situation. Beyond this comfort zone, positive affect decreases and becomes negative as the demands of the environment push persons past it.
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Optimal aging
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The aging of individuals who have no identified physical illness
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Age-normative influences
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Factors that are general to the process of development and are highly related to chronological age. Can be the result of either biophysiological processes, or social-environmental factors.
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In/out of synchrony
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Whether Intra-individual differences are working together or at cross-purposes with one another.
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Cultural ethics
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Mcllroy refers to the long-term effects of history-normative influences as __ __, which are the prevailing attitudes, values, and beliefs shared by members of society at a particular time, or of a specific generation within a society.
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Generation X
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Persons born between 1965 and 1980. Grew up with financial, family, and societal insecurity; rapid change; great diversity; and a lack of solid traditions. Technically competent, comfortable with diversity, change multitasking, and competition; they believe in similaritiees rather than differences.
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Baby Boomers
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Group of individuals born between 1946 and 1964. First to be free of many potentially fatal childhood diseases, such as small pox and whooping cough. Grew up with television and experienced Woodstock, Vietnam, free love, and the drug culture. "Optimistic, teamwork and cooperation, and effecting change." Grew up embracing the psychology of entitlement and expected the best from life.
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Age function
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A picture of how our variable of interest is related to age
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Time of measurement
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Influences that affect all persons, regardless of age or cohort, at a given point in time such as the aftermath of September 11, 2001.
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Age differences
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The cross-sectional research design measures ___ ___ or what can be considered average interindividual differences, that is, the normative and average performance for members of that age group on the variables of interest.
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Developmental tasks
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Age-specific expectancies, in terms of the acquisition of speciofic skills, behaviors, and activities. Also vary as a function of culture, race, ethnicity, or gender.
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Age-appropriate behaviors
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Developmental tasks are useful in that they provide individuals with a ystem of age norms or __ ___ ___ and activities. Example: "Act your age."
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Chronological age
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Refers to the number of years that have passed since our birth.
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Transitions
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___ are important developmental events which can occur in adulthood. According to Schlossberg, there are seven types: (1) Elected, (2) Surprises, (3) Nonevents, (4) Life on hold, (5) Sleepers, (6) Double whammies, (7) Legal/chronological
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Age norms
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Also termed age-appropriate behaviors
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Emerging adulthood
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Beginning with the late teens and lasting through the 20s, with the focus being on ages 18-25. According to Arnett, sweeping demographic shifts have taken place over the past century which has made the late teens and early 20s a distinct period of the life cycle, characterized by change and exploration of possible life directions.
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Longitudinal design
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Research design that invovles comparing individuals of the same age at different times of measurement. Measure age changes or average intra-individual change.
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Selective sampling
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Samples are generally composed of volunteers, therefore, persons who do so may not represent everyone in whom we are interested. Those who volunteer may be brighter, healthier, more highly educated, or differ in terms of their gender or marital status from those who do not volunteer.
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Aging society
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The percentage of "older" individuals is becoming larger than the percentage of "younger" individuals.
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Filial piety
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Demonstrates that respect and care for parents and the aged are deeply entrenched in Asian cultures
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Stereotypes
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Myths or beliefs that are overgeneralizations
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Stereotype threat
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The impact of being exposed to negative or positive stereotypes on persons' performance and well-being.
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