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488 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Joint Interdependence?
|
A: All the Services working together. The Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines.
|
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Why did Military expeditions throughout history usually fail?
|
A: Historically Military Expeditions failed because of disease and combat losses eroded their
combat power, or a lack of supplies prevented them from seizing opportunities |
|
What gives our Nation the ability to deploy large ground forces anywhere and employs them
indefinitely? |
A: U.S. Soldiers operating around the world today are the best supplied, best equipped, and
healthiest American troops in history |
|
The Army Corps of Engineers is required by law to do what?
|
The Army Corps of Engineers is required to maintain the Nation’s rivers and waterways. The
corps also has the primary responsibility for safeguarding communities from floods |
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How long has it been since Soldiers have faced a Threat from the Air?
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Because of America’s Air Superiority it has been over 60 years since Soldiers have faced an
Air Threat |
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What is Joint Interdependence?
|
All the Services working together. The Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines.
What is an Example of Joint Interdependence? |
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What is an Example of Joint Interdependence?
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A Platoon leaders can call upon air, maritime, and space-based capabilities that would have
been considered science fiction by their World War II and Vietnam War counterparts |
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What did President George Washington say 8 January 1790 during his First Annual Address to
Both Houses of Congress about “Preserving Peace”? |
A: President George Washington said, “To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means
of preserving peace” |
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What are the two things that the Army Must invests in to the demanding environment that
Soldiers and the Nation may face in the future? |
A: Training and Leader Development
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What is allowing us to “Win the Current Fight”?
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A: Soldiers continue to take the fight to our enemies and they take unprecedented measures
to protect noncombatants |
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Currently the Army is undergoing “Reshaping” efforts, What is this Mission called and what is
the intent? |
A: The Mission is called “Joint Force 2020” and the intent is that the Army will remain flexible
and ready to meet the Nation’s requirements |
|
Where will the Army “Prioritize its assets”?
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A: The Army will prioritize it assets toward the Pacific region and Middle East and will reshape
the force to support the National Military Strategy |
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Historically after every conflict our Nation has had, what has happened to the Military?
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A: The Military has been Drawn Down in Size as the defense priorities reshape the Army,
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What must we ensure that we do not do during Drawdowns?
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A: we need to avoid the historic pattern of drawing down too quickly and risk losing
leaders, skills, and capabilities |
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The Army’s ability to expand rapidly depends on what four structural factors?
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A: 1. Maintaining a strong cadre of NonCommissioned and mid-grade officers to build the core of
new formations when needed; 2. Army special operations forces and incorporating them to work as a team with our conventional forces; 3. The Army National Guard and Army Reserve; 4. The Nation’s industrial base and their ability to research and development; designs, produces, and maintains weapons systems; and provides components and parts and we would also need to improve our acquisition process at every level throughout the Army |
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What is Operational adaptability?
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A: the broad measure of the Army’s utility based on the recognition that while we can forecast,we cannot predict the next conflict, disaster, or humanitarian crisis
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What does Operational adaptability require?
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it requires land power that can adjust rapidly to prevent conflict, shape an operational
environment, and win the Nation’s wars and the Army to operate effectively across the range of military operations while overcoming the psychological and moral challenges of land combat |
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Operational adaptability requires land power that can do what?
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A: adjust rapidly to prevent conflict, be scalable and tailorable in order to shape an operational
environment, and win the Nation's wars |
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For Operational Adaptability, what will the Army continue to support the Joint Force with?
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A: critical capabilities in space and intelligence collection, analysis, and synchronization of
landbased air and missile defenses for protecting key infrastructure and bases, and elite forces for special operations, civil affairs, military police, engineers, and many other supporting capabilities |
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What areas are being Changed because of Operartional Adaptability
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A: (DOTMLPF) Army doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education,
personnel, and facilities |
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What is meant by the Army having “Depth”?
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A: Depth in the Army means the Army has combat-ready Regular Army forces combined with an
ability to mobilize, deploy, and employ our Reserve Components |
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What is meant by the Army having “Versatility”?
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A: Versatility means the Army has a diverse mix of capabilities, formations, and
equipment allows the Army to tailor forces to the needs of the combatant commanders |
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What does it mean to have Adaptive and Innovative Leaders?
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A: Leaders accept that no predetermined solutions exist; each situation requires judgment and
discretion. |
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Describe how the Army is Flexible
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A: The Army is Flexible in it’s ability to conduct different joint missions across a wide range of
operational environments against equally diverse |
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Describe how the Army is Agile?
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A: The Army is Agile in tacticalness and the speed and effectiveness with which we transition
between tactical tasks as part of decisive action |
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What is the Army’s Greatest Asset?
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A: The All-Volunteer Force
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What does the All-Volunteer Force Provide?
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A: depth, versatility, and unmatched experience to the joint force
|
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What type of Leader must the Army Retain?
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A: high-quality, combat experienced leaders so that they, in turn, train the next generation
of Army professionals |
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What is Leadership?
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A: the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to
accomplish the mission and improve the organization |
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Good Leaders have the ability to respond effectively to what?
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A: complexity and chaos, anticipate opportunities, and remain effective under stress
|
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How does the Army Shape Leaders?
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The Army Shapes Leaders through training and experience into expert practitioners and then
they add education, leader development, and most importantly, responsibility for themselves and their teammates |
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How do Leaders prepare subordinates?
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A: by empowering them to operate autonomously and by underwriting risk
|
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What are the things that Leaders must Do?
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A: learn, think, and adapt as well as communicate fully, honestly, and candidly up, down, and
laterally |
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How is mission success realized by using Leaders?
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Great Leaders will balance risk with the opportunity to retain the initiative
|
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What is the percentage of Americans that Serve in the Military?
|
less than one-half of one percent of Americans serves in the military, and only about half of
them are Soldiers |
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What does Title 10, U.S. Code (USC) establish?
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It is the Law Established by Congress that establishes the basic structure of the Army made up
of one Regular Army and two Reserve Components: the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard of the United States |
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When was “The American Continental Army” established?
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14 June 1775
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ADP 1 & ADRP 1
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The Army
|
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What does the uniform of the Army represent for Soldeirs?
|
For Soldiers it means that they have become part of something far bigger than themselves, a
chance to serve their country and to change the world. It also means danger, long separations, grinding fatigue, and stress. |
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What is the Land Domain?
|
it is the most complex of all combat domains and also where most countries are capable of
having a defense as some are unable to afford navies, air forces and other forms of defense. |
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What is Unified Land Operations?
|
It is the synchronization of our efforts between Joint Services, other government agencies,
other partner nations and other military forces from other partner nations |
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What is the main goal for Unified Land Operations?
|
To combine offensive tasks, defensive tasks, stability tasks, and defense support of civil
authorities (DSCA) in coordination with joint services, other government agencies, other partner nations, and other military forces from partner nations. |
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The Army’s Vision captures the three strategic roles of the Army what are they?
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Prevent, Shape and Win
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What is meant by the Army’s role to Prevent?
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It means that countries believe that our force is credible, unbeatable, rapidly deployable,
highly trained, well equipped and always ready to assist our allies and protect the U.S. interests |
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What is meant by the Army’s role to Shape?
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The Army’s role to shape is to assist other nations to shape their own training and their
military strength to be able to defend themselves |
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What is meant by the Army’s role to Win?
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We must be able to Attack and Defend successfully against enemy ground forces
|
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What U.S. Code governs the Army?
|
A: Title 10 United States Code (USC)
|
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What gives the President the Authority as the Commander and Chief?
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A: The Constitution
|
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What is the Army’s Mission?
|
to fight and win the Nation’s wars through prompt and sustained land combat, as part of the
joint force |
|
What are the 4 essential characteristics of our profession?
|
military expertise, honorable service, esprit de corps, and stewardship
|
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What is Trust
|
assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something
|
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Where is must Trust Always be maintained?
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between Soldiers; between Soldiers and their leaders; among Soldiers, their families, and the
Army; and between the Army and the Nation |
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Why is “Trust between Soldiers” so Important?
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In battle, Soldiers primarily fight for one another, not just for their country or some ideal. They
entrust their lives to the Soldiers on their left and right, and focus on doing their duty in a way that maintains the trust of their comrades |
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What is the catalyst to developing the trust between Soldiers?
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The Army Values
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Does “Trust between Soldiers” accomplish missions nor generate high levels of unit
effectiveness? |
No, “Trust between Soldiers and their Leaders” allows this
|
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If Soldiers do not have “Trust between Soldiers and their Leaders” what can be the outcome?
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A: Soldiers will not follow orders except from fear of consequences
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What is the second critical aspect of trust?
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A: Trust between a superior and a subordinate
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What does trust at all levels of Leadership depend on?
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Candor
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What are the 7 Army Values?
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A: Loyalty; Duty; Respect; Selfless Service; Honor; Integrity; Personal Courage
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What is essential to preserving an all-volunteer force?
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The trust between the Army and our Soldiers’ families; confidence of the American Citizens
|
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What does the Army need to Provide to the Soldier and their Families?
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A: a quality of life commensurate with the Soldier’s service to the Nation
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How many Fields of Professional Knowledge are there?
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Four
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What are the Fields of Professional Knowledge?
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military-technical field; moral-ethical field; political-cultural field; leader development field
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Describe the military-technical field?
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encompasses the doctrine of how the Army applies landpower, including the integration and
adaptation of technology, the organization of units, and the planning and execution of military operations |
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Describe the moral-ethical field?
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describes how the Army applies its combat power according to law and the expectation of our
citizens |
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Describe the moral-ethical field?
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describes how the Army applies its combat power according to law and the expectation of our
citizens |
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Describe the political-cultural field?
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A: prescribes how personnel and units operate effectively across and outside the Army’s
institutional boundaries |
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Describe the leader development field?
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A: good leaders are the qualitative multiplier on any battlefield, the most dynamic element of
combat power |
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How does the Army impart Professional Knowledge?
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through training and education at both individual and unit levels
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What type of Culture does Mission Command want to foster during training?
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a culture of trust, mutual understanding, and a willingness to learn from mistakes
|
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Army Training does more than develop technical expertise, it also encourages Army leaders to do
what |
exercise discretionary judgments without close supervision; this ability is critically important
because of the lethality of what we do |
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What does Certification Measure?
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competence, character, and commitment
|
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What is Professional competence?
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their mastery of specific skills
|
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What is Professional commitment?
|
it shows each individual’s willingness to put the requirements of the Army and Nation above
their personal goals |
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How is Unit compliance with safety and personnel regulations measured?
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Through Inspections
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What are the two communities of practice the Army Profession recognizes?
|
Profession of Arms and Army Civilian Corps
|
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What article of the Constitution requires that Every member of the Army profession—military or
civilian, officer or enlisted enlisted—“shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution.”? |
Article VI
|
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What does Article VI of the Constitution require Every member of the Army profession—
military or civilian, officer or enlisted enlisted to do? |
shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution.”
|
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Why may the Enemy not respect international conventions and commit atrocities
|
to provoke retaliation in kind from our Soldiers
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How is loss of discipline on the part of our Soldiers exploited by the Enemy?
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through propaganda and magnified through the media
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What must small-unit leaders do to prevent our Soldiers from retaliating in response to an
Enemy’s unethical acts? |
maintain discipline and ensure that the conduct of Soldiers remains within ethical and moral
boundaries |
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What does ADP 1 Chapter 2-20 mean by mean by esprit de corps?
|
respect for our history and tradition and committed to the highest standards of individual and
collective excellence |
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How does the Army emphasize esprit de corps and tradition and history?
|
through the practice of customs, traditions, and ceremonies
|
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How do Units and organizations preserve their unit histories and display them?
|
with unit distinctive insignia (such as unit crests, patches, and mottos)
|
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What do these customs, traditions, ceremonies and symbols give us?
|
a sense of commitment, identify the cause we serve, and unite us to those who have gone
before and sacrificed so much |
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What is the hallmark of units with high esprit de corps?
|
Discipline and pride
|
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What is Discipline?
|
the behavior tempered by high standards of conduct and performance and reflects the selfcontrol
necessary in the face of temptation, obstacles, and adversity, and the fear to do the harder right instead of the easier wrong |
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What is Pride?
|
recognition that obstacles, adversity, and fear can be mastered through discipline and
teamwork |
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How do Discipline and Pride go together?
|
with judgment, expertise, and experience to create military and civilian professionals
|
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What
does Esprit de corps say about a Soldier or unit |
high motivation, discipline, and morale
|
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What does a Soldier with esprit de corps have?
|
A: pride, a sense of accomplishment in doing a good job or seeing a subordinate develop, and
shared values |
|
Landpower complementing air, maritime, and space-based power, and in turn the other Services
making the Army the preeminent ground force in the world this Joint interdependence is the evolution of what? |
A: Combined Arms
|
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What is Joint Interdependence?
|
the deliberate reliance of one armed service on the capabilities of another armed service
|
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What are the 4 primary missions of the Armed Forces that may require large numbers of ground
forces or the ready availability of large numbers of Soldiers? |
counter terrorism and irregular warfare; Stability and counterinsurgency operations; war; the
defense of our homeland and support of civil authorities |
|
What does assured access to cyberspace increase the Army’s ability to achieve
|
the Army’s ability to enhance our combined arms performance and integrates it with joint
capabilities |
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Does the Army consider Cyberspace as a Battleground?
|
Yes; the intensity of cyber electromagnetic activities continues to multiply
|
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What do Space systems allow the Army to employ
|
Space systems allow the Army to employ weapons systems rapidly, lethally and discreetly
|
|
What are the Army’s two Core Competencies that are indispensable contributions to the joint
force? |
A: combined arms maneuver and wide area security
|
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How does Maneuver effect the Enemy?
|
places the enemy at a physical disadvantage; the enemy is more vulnerable to our weapons
than Army forces are to the enemy’s; imposes a psychological disadvantage on the enemy. Individual fear leads to a breakdown in unit cohesion |
|
What are some of the Combined Arms Maneuver tasks?
|
offensive and defensive operations, security operations such a screen or guard mission,
reconnaissance missions, and special purpose tasks such as river crossings. Nothing the Army does is as challenging as combined arms maneuver |
|
What is Wide area security
|
the ability of landpower to secure and control populations, resources, and terrain within a joint
operational area |
|
What are Stability Operations?
|
the tactical tasks that the Army conducts to improve conditions for noncombatants within
areas of operations outside the United States |
|
What are the Basic Tasks of Stability Operations?
|
providing security, exercising control, and providing life-sustaining support such as food and
water |
|
What are the more Complex Tasks of Stability Operations?
|
governance and economic development
|
|
What is Force Tailoring
|
the process of determining the right mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in
support of a joint force commander |
|
ADP 1-02 & ADRP 1-02
|
Operational Terms and Military Symbols
|
|
What is one of the most important elements of military force’s ability to communicate when
conducting operations |
A: A common set of doctrinal terms and military symbols
|
|
How do you give shorter and clearer orders that convey their information with greater speed and
less risk of misunderstandin |
By using Plain, Concise, and understandable language
|
|
What is the Principle of Simplicity?
|
increase the probability that plans and operations will be executed as intended by preparing
clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders |
|
Where does the Army community develops a common language of terminology and symbology
|
through standardized doctrine development processes
|
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What is Doctrine
|
fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in
support of national objectives |
|
What are the four Publication types that Doctrine will be introduced to the Army?
|
Army doctrine publications (ADPs), Army doctrine reference publications (ADRPs), field
manuals (FMs), and Army techniques publications (ATPs) |
|
What is Joint Fires?
|
A: fires delivered from two or more forces to produce a desired effect to
support a common objective |
|
Should terms and abbreviations be classified or unclassified?
|
A: unclassified
|
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Who establishes policy for establishing doctrinal terms?
|
tradoc
|
|
What does TRADOC stand for?
|
A: Training and Doctrine Command
|
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What is the definition of Communication?
|
an exchange of meaning that is only complete when the intended meaning is understood
precisely by the intended audience |
|
What does the word “Repeat” mean?
|
firing at the same target with the same ammunition for artillery and mortar fire
|
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What does the phrase “Say again” mean?
|
it asks someone to repeat what he or she previously said
|
|
What is an Adversary?
|
a party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of
force may be Necessary or needed |
|
What is an Enemy Combatant?
|
An individual engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during an
armed conflict |
|
How are Acronyms formed?
|
A: from the initial letters of a name or parts of a series of words
|
|
What is a military symbol?
|
a graphic representation of a unit, equipment, installation, activity, control measure, or tactical
task relevant to military operations that is used for planning or to represent the common operational picture on a map, display, or overlay |
|
What is a common operational picture?
|
a single display of relevant information within a commander’s area of interest tailored to the
user’s requirements and based on common data and information shared by more than one command |
|
What are the two military symbol categories?
|
framed and unframed
|
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What are framed military symbol categories
|
unit, equipment, installation, and activity symbols
|
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What are unframed military symbol categories?
|
control measure and tactical task mission symbols
|
|
Army Publication explains how to build symbols using basic components?
|
ADRP 1-02
|
|
What does ADP 2-0 Cover?
|
Intelligence
|
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What are hazards?
|
conditions or natural phenomena able to damage or destroy life, vital resources, and
institutions, or prevent mission accomplishment. |
|
What is intelligence?
|
the product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, evaluation, analysis, and
interpretation of available information concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations |
|
What is intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance?
|
synchronizes and integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing,
exploitation, and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations |
|
What does the intelligence warfighting function provide Commanders?
|
provides the commander with intelligence to plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations
|
|
What are the two most important aspects of intelligence?
|
enabling mission command and providing support to commanders and decision makers
|
|
How do Commanders provide guidance and continuous feedback throughout operations
|
Providing direction; Stating clear, concise commander’s critical information requirements
(CCIRs); Synchronizing the intelligence warfighting function; Participating in planning; Collaborating with the G-2/S-2 during the execution of operations |
|
What does the intelligence warfighting function allow a commander to understand?
|
the enemy, terrain, and civil considerations
|
|
For the purposes of intelligence the term “enemy” includes what?
|
the entire range of threats
|
|
For the purposes of intelligence, the term “terrain” also includes what?
|
weather because it will have an impact on operations
|
|
What is “Intelligence support to force generation”?
|
the task of generating intelligence knowledge concerning an operational environment,
facilitating future intelligence operations, and tailoring the force |
|
What is “Intelligence support to situational understanding”?
|
the task of providing information and intelligence to commanders to assist them in achieving a
clear understanding of the force’s current state with relation to the threat and other relevant aspects of the operational environment |
|
What is “Conduct information collection”?
|
A: the task that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors and assets as
well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of systems in direct support of current and future operations |
|
What is “Intelligence support to targeting and information capabilities”?
|
the task of providing the commander information and intelligence support for targeting to
achieve lethal and nonlethal effects |
|
What is Information Collection?
|
an activity that synchronizes and integrates the planning and employment of sensors and assets
as well as the processing, exploitation, and dissemination of systems in direct support of current and future operations |
|
What should the G-2/S-2 and G-3/S-3 staffs work together on to collect, process, and analyze
information for the commander on? |
threats, terrain and weather, and civil considerations that affect operations
|
|
What are shaping operations?
|
A: Reconnaissance, surveillance, security operations, and intelligence operations
|
|
What type of operation is a commander’s primary means to plan, organize and execute
information collection? |
Shaping Operations
|
|
What is the “Intelligence Enterprise”?
|
sum total of the intelligence efforts of the entire U.S. intelligence community
|
|
What is the “Intelligence Warfighting Function”?
|
A: the Army’s contribution to the intelligence enterprise
|
|
What makes up the “Intelligence Enterprise”?
|
all U.S. intelligence professionals, sensors, systems, federated organizations, information, and
processes supported by a network-enabled architecture |
|
What is the most important element of the Intelligence Enterprise?
|
the people that make it work
|
|
What will make the Intelligence Enterprise ineffective?
|
if there is no collaboration between the different agencies
|
|
What are the four primary means of collecting What are Fusion Centers?information?
|
IA: ad hoc cells designed to enable lethal and nonlethal targeting, facilitate current or future
operations, and inform decisionmaking |
|
Who has the overall responsibility and management of the intelligence community?
|
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
|
|
What are the intelligence core competencies
|
intelligence synchronization, intelligence operations, and intelligence analysis
|
|
What must all military intelligence units and military intelligence Soldiers continuously train on
in order to maintain a high degree of proficiency? |
the intelligence core competencies
|
|
What are the four primary means of collecting information?
|
Intelligence operations, reconnaissance, surveillance, and security operations
|
|
What is Intelligence Operations?
|
the tasks undertaken by military intelligence units and Soldiers to obtain information to satisfy
validated requirements |
|
What is an Intelligence Analysis?
|
the process by which collected information is evaluated and integrated with existing
information to facilitate intelligence production |
|
What is the purpose of the Intelligence Analysis?
|
to describe the current—and attempt to proactively assess— threats, terrain and weather, and
civil considerations |
|
What are three aspects that enable effective staff support and intelligence analysis
|
A: critical thinking; embracing ambiguity; collaboration
|
|
What is critical thinking?
|
disciplined and self-reflective, provides more holistic, logical, and unbiased analysis and
conclusions |
|
ADP 3-0 & ADRP 3-0
|
Unified Land Operations
|
|
What does Unified Land Operations describe?
|
how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of
relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution |
|
What is Unified Land Operations?
|
the Army’s basic warfighting doctrine and is the Army’s contribution to unified action and is
an intellectual outgrowth of both previous operations doctrine and recent combat experience |
|
What is The United States Army?
|
America’s sons and daughters, men and women of courage and character, and leaders of
consequence—bonded together in a profession of Arms—organized, trained, and equipped to be the most decisive land force in the world |
|
Describe Army doctrine?
|
a body of thought on how Army forces operate as an integral part of a joint force, Doctrine
acts as a guide to action rather than a set of fixed rules and also serves as the basis for decisions about organization, training, leader development, materiel, Soldiers, and facilities and helps partners understand how the Army will operate |
|
What do operational variables (PMESII-PT) consist of?
|
political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, time
|
|
What is the Operational Environment?
|
a composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of
capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander |
|
Army leaders plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations by analyzing the operational
environment by using what variables? |
A: operational variables and mission variables
|
|
What do mission variables ( METT-TC) consist of?
|
A: mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil
considerations (METT-TC) |
|
What does METT-TC stand for?
|
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil
considerations |
|
What does PMESII-PT stand for?
|
A: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, time
|
|
What are the most likely security threats that Army forces will encounter?
|
hybrid threats
|
|
What are hybrid threats?
|
the diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces,
criminal elements, or a combination of these forces and elements all unified to achieve mutually benefitting effects |
|
What are the two most challenging potential enemy threats that the U.S. faces?
|
nonstate entity and a nuclear-capable nation-state partnered with one or more nonstate actors
|
|
What is a nonstate enemy threat?
|
entity possessing weapons of mass destruction or other unique methods to challenge U.S.
dominance by attacking public will |
|
What is a nuclear-capable nation-state?
|
employ advanced information technology, conventional military forces armed with
modern equipment, and irregular forces at various levels of organization, training, and equipment |
|
What are the Army’s two core competencies?
|
Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security
|
|
What does the Army’s two core competencies enable Army forces to achieve?
|
to defeat or destroy an enemy, seize or occupy key terrain, protect or secure critical assets and
populations, and revent the enemy from gaining a position of advantage |
|
What is the philosophy of mission command?
|
the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable
disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent |
|
What is the foundation of Unified Land Operations built on?
|
initiative, decisive action, and mission command
|
|
How does the Army seize, retain and exploit the initiative?
|
by striking the enemy, both lethally and nonlethally, in time, places, or manners for which the
enemy is not prepared |
|
What is seizing the initiative?
|
setting and dictating the terms of action
|
|
How does seizing the initiative affect the enemy?
|
it degrades the enemy’s ability to function as a coherent force
|
|
What must Leaders do to prevent an enemy’s recovery and retain the initiative?
|
follow up with a series of actions that destroy enemy capabilities, seize decisive terrain,
protect populations and critical infrastructure, and degrade the coherence of the enemy force |
|
From an enemy point of view, what must U.S. operations be?
|
rapid, unpredictable, and disorienting
|
|
How do Army forces conduct decisive and sustainable land operations?
|
through the simultaneous combination of offensive, defensive, and stability operations
|
|
What are Offensive Operations?
|
operations conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and
population centers |
|
What are the types of Offensive Operations?
|
A: movement to contact, attack, exploitation, and pursuit
|
|
What are Defensive Operations?
|
operations conducted to defeat an enemy attack, gain time, economize forces, and develop
conditions favorable for offensive and stability tasks |
|
What are the types of Defensive Operations?
|
mobile defense, area defense, and retrograde
|
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What are Stability Operations?
|
military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States to maintain or
reestablish a safe and secure environment and to provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief |
|
What are the five tasks for Stability Operations?
|
establish civil security, establish civil control, restore essential services, support to governance,
and support to economic and infrastructure development |
|
What are the two core competencies for the Army?
|
Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security
|
|
What is Combined Arms Maneuver?
|
the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground
forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative |
|
What is Wide Area Security?
|
the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces,
infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative |
|
What is an “Operation”?
|
a military action, consisting of two of more related tactical actions, designed to achieve a
strategic objective, in whole or in part |
|
What is a Tactical Action?
|
battle or engagement, employing lethal or nonlethal actions, designed for a specific purpose
relative to the enemy, the terrain, friendly forces, or other entity |
|
What are the characteristics of an Army Operation?
|
flexibility, integration, lethality, adaptability, depth, and synchronization
|
|
What can Leaders achieve by demonstrating flexability
|
tactical, operational, and strategic success
|
|
ADP 3-05 & ADRP 3-05
|
Special Operations
|
|
What Personnel and units are considered Army Special Operations Forces
|
Civil Affairs, Military Information Support operations, Rangers, Special Forces, Special
Mission Units, and Army special operations aviation forces assigned to the United States Army Special Operations Command |
|
What are Special Operations?
|
operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical techniques, equipment, and
training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments |
|
How are Special Operations usually characterized as?
|
time sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces,
requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk |
|
What are the factors for employment of Special Operations forces?
|
national policy, geographic combatant commander, joint force commander, or ambassador
requirements; the character of the operational environment; as well as the nature of the threat |
|
What is the percent that the Army’s Special Operations Forces supply to Department of Defense?
|
over 50%
|
|
What is the total percentage of Special Operations Forces in the Army?
|
about 5%
|
|
What are two Special Operations critical capabilities?
|
Surgical strike and Special Warfare
|
|
What does Surgical strike provide?
|
a primarily unilateral, scalable direct action capability that is employed in counterterrorism,
counterproliferation, hostage rescue, kill/capture operations against designated targets, and other specialized tasks of strategic importance |
|
What does Special Warfare provide?
|
provides a capability that achieves impact largely by working with and through others to
assess and moderate behavior, address local conditions, and/or build indigenous warfighting capability, typically in long-duration campaigns |
|
How is Special Warfare employed?
|
A: unconventional warfare, counterinsurgency, foreign internal defense, security force assistance,
stability operations, and select intelligence activities such as preparation of the environment Special Operations forces can provide a supporting role in major combat operations by providing |
|
what to the Joint Force Commander?
|
means to identify and engage selected high-payoff targets or conduct sabotage, subversion,
influence, or intelligence activities in the enemy’s sanctuary, rear area, or homeland |
|
What functions can Special Operations Forces provide outside designated theaters of war?
|
can shape potential operational environments by working with host nation or friendly
indigenous forces to assist with conflict avoidance or mitigation and set the conditions for the rapid introduction of other U.S. or allied forces |
|
What are the three lines of effort that guide the development and employment of Special
Operations? |
generating a force with a purpose, sustained engagement, and executing operations across the
spectrum of lethality and influence in support of U.S. interests and host nation objectives |
|
Why are Special Operations Forces frequently used in diplomatically sensitive missions?
|
Because special operations can provide a discreet, precise, politically astute, and scalable
capability |
|
What are the Joint Operations Phases
|
shape, deter, seize initiative, dominate, stabilize, enable civil authority
|
|
Which Joint Operational Phases do Special Operational Forces focus on preventing conflict?
|
A: Shape and Deter
|
|
During Shape and Deter, what do Army Special Operations Forces focus on?
|
A: the assessment, shaping, active deterrence, and influence activities
|
|
What is Special Warfare?
|
the execution of activities that involve a combination of lethal and nonlethal actions taken by a
specially trained and educated force that has a deep understanding of cultures and foreign language, proficiency in small-unit tactics, and the ability to build and fight alongside indigenous combat formations in a permissive, uncertain, or hostile environment |
|
What is Unconventional Warfare
|
activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or
overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area |
|
What is Foreign Internal Defense?
|
participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs
taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security |
|
What is Surgical Strike?
|
the execution of activities in a precise manner that employ special operations forces in hostile,
denied, or politically sensitive environments to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover or damage designated targets, or influence threats |
|
What are some of the Activities included in a Surgical Strike?
|
actions against critical operational or strategic targets; which include counterproliferation
actions, counterterrorism actions, and hostage rescue and recovery operations |
|
What are Counterproliferation Actions?
|
actions that prevent the threat and/or use of weapons of mass destruction against the United
States, its forces, allies, and partners |
|
What are Counterterrorism actions?
|
actions taken directly and indirectly against terrorist networks influence and render global and
regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks |
|
What are Hostage rescue and recovery operations
|
operations, which are sensitive crisis response
missions, include offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorist threats and incidents, including recapture of U.S. facilities, installations, and sensitive material |
|
What are Special Operations Core Principles?
|
A: discreet, precise, and scalable operations
|
|
What does ADP 3-07 Cover?
|
A: Stability
|
|
What are the 5 Stability Tasks?
|
Security; Rule of Law; Humanitarian Assistance; Governance and Participation; Economic
Stabilization and Infrastructure |
|
What are the 5 End State Goals for Stability?
|
Safe and Secure Environment; Established Rule of Law; Social Well Being;
Stable Governance; Sustainable Economy |
|
Stability Operations must be founded on what 4 Principles?
|
Conflict Transformation; Unity of Effort; Legitimacy and Host Nation Ownership; Building
Partner capacity |
|
What is the Intent of Stability?
|
to create a condition so the local populace regards the situation as legitimate, acceptable, and
predictable |
|
What are Factors that create Instability?
|
decreased support for the government; increased support for anti-government elements;
undermining of the |
|
What is Stabilization?
|
a process in which personnel identify and mitigate underlying sources of instability to
establish the conditions for long-term stability |
|
What are the 4 principles that lay the foundation for long-term stability?
|
Conflict Transformation; Unity of Effort; Legitimacy and host-nation ownership; Building
Partner Capacity |
|
What is the Goal of Conflict transformation?
|
focuses on converting the dynamics of conflict into processes for constructive, positive change
|
|
What is Unity of Effort?
|
the coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are
not necessarily part of the same command or organization—the product of successful unified action |
|
What does using whole-of-government approach enable?
|
achieving a balance of resources, capabilities, and activities that reinforces progress made by
one of the instruments of national power while fostering success among the others |
|
What is the Goal of A Comprehensive Approach
|
to integrate the cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of the USG, partners, and
private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal |
|
What is Legitimacy?
|
a condition based upon the perception by specific audiences of the legality, morality, or
rightness of a set of actions, and of the propriety of the authority of the individuals or organizations in taking them |
|
What are the 4 Factors for Successful Legitimacy?
|
mandate, manner, consent, and expectation
|
|
What is a Safe and Secure Environment?
|
one in which the population has the freedom to pursue daily activities without fear of
politically motivated, persistent, or large-scale violence |
|
Why is a Safe and Secure Environment Important to Mission Success?
|
it is essential for implementing the diplomatic, economic, and informational programs that
target the sources of conflict and instability |
|
What is Established Rule of Law?
|
the condition in which all individuals and institutions, public and private, and the state itself
are accountable to the law |
|
What is Social Well Being?
|
the condition in which the population believes its basic human needs are met and people
coexist peacefully |
|
What are Examples of Social Well Being?
|
: equal access to and delivery of basic needs services (water, food, shelter, and health
services), primary and secondary education, the return or resettlement of those displaced by violent conflict, and the restoration of social fabric and community life |
|
What is a Sustainable Economy?
|
A: one in which the population can pursue opportunities for livelihoods within a predictable
system of economic governance bound by law |
|
During what Phase of Operations should Stability be used?
|
Offense, Defense and Stability should be used simultaneously
|
|
When would Stability task receive the most Focus?
|
After achieving major combat objectives in major operations and campaigns; During a Post-
Conflict Environment |
|
What is the first thing that Commanders must do to prepare for Stability?
|
identify these sources of instability, which if not addressed often lead to violence
|
|
What does the Success of Stability Tasks Depend on to be successful?
|
depends on military forces seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative to anticipate sources
of instability and acting positively in support of a comprehensive approach |
|
What is the Goal of Establishing Civil Security
|
providing for the safety of the host nation and its population, including protection from
internal and external threats. Establishing civil security provides needed space for host-nation and civil agencies and organizations to work toward sustained peace |
|
What is the purpose of Establishing civil control?
|
it supports efforts to institute rule of law and stable, effective governance
|
|
What is the Rule of Law sector?
|
A: the domain of the police and other law enforcement agencies, courts, prosecution services, and
prisons |
|
When do basic functions of local governance generally stop?
|
during conflict and other disasters
|
|
What are signs of Economic Stress?
|
rapid increases in inflation, uncontrolled escalation of public debt, and a general decline in the
host nation’s ability to provide for the well-being of its people |
|
What 4 things should Commanders and Staff do when Planning for Stability?
|
Recognize complexity; Balance resources, capabilities, and activities; Recognize planning
horizons; Avoid planning pitfalls |
|
What are some Examples of a Decisive Point?
|
Securing national borders; Repairing a vital water treatment facility; Obtaining the political
support from key tribal leaders for a transitional authority; Establishing a training academy for national security forces |
|
What is Stability Mechanisms?
|
the primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions
that support establishing a lasting, stable peace |
|
What are the 4 Defeat Mechanisms?
|
destroy,dislocate, disintegrate, and isolate
|
|
What is Assessment?
|
the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating an effect, or achieving
an objective |
|
What are the 3 measuring tools to assist a Commander with Assessments?
|
measures of performance, measures of effectiveness, and indicators
|
|
What does Measure of Performance achieve?
|
assess proper completion of assigned tasks
|
|
What does Measure of Effectiveness achieve?
|
What does Measure of Effectiveness achieve?
|
|
What are Indicators?
|
A: subordinate measures that provide insight into measures of effectiveness and measures of
performance |
|
What does District Stability Framework accomplish?
|
assists planners in identifying and mitigating source of instability. Because of the uniqueness
of the stability environment, the interagency District Stability Framework was designed to identify and mitigate source of instability |
|
ADP 3-09 & ADP 3-09
|
Fires
|
|
What is Fires
|
the use of weapons systems to create specific lethal or nonlethal effects on a target
|
|
What is the Fires Warfighting Function
|
A: the related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires,
AMD, and joint fires through the targeting process |
|
What are the tasks of the Fires warfighting function
|
Deliver fires; Integrate all forms of Army, joint and multinational fires; Conduct targeting
|
|
What are the Core competencies of Fires
|
Air Defense Artillery and Field Artillery
|
|
What are Critical Capabilities of Fires
|
A: Target Acquisition, Target Discrimination and Target Engagement
|
|
What are the Principles of Fires
|
A: Precision, Scalable, Synchronized, Responsive and Networked
|
|
What are the Characteristics of Fires?
|
All Weather, Precision/Near Precision Fires, Mass Area Fires, Air and Space Integreation and
Inherently Joint |
|
How does Fires support the Offensive Task?
|
attacking targets throughout the area of operations with massed or precision fires, mortars
offensive counterair, rotary and fixed wing air support, electronic attack and other joint fires assets |
|
How does Fires support Stability Task?
|
by saving lives, restoring essential services, maintaining and restoring civil order, and disaster
relief |
|
What is Air Defense Artillery?
|
the defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the
atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce effectiveness of such attack either through surveillance actions or active engagements of aerial threat |
|
What is Fire Support?
|
fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to engage
enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives |
|
What is Joint Fire Support
|
joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces to move, maneuver, and
control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters |
|
What is a Target?
|
the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them,
considering operational requirements and capabilities |
|
What does ADP 3-37 cover?
|
Protection
|
|
What is Protection?
|
the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and
nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area |
|
What does Protection Achieve?
|
preserves the combat power potential of the force by providing capabilities to identify and
prevent threats and hazards and to mitigate their effects |
|
Throughout the Operations Process, Protection must be considered to achieve what 3 things?
|
Identify threats and hazards; Implement control measures to prevent or mitigate enemy or
adversary actions; Manage capabilities to mitigate the effects and time to react or maneuver on the adversary to gain superiority and retain the initiative |
|
What are the 4 primary ways to preserve the joint force fighting potential?
|
Active defensive measures to protect the joint force, its information, its bases/base camps,
critical infrastructure, and lines of communications from an enemy or adversary attack; Passive defensive measures to make friendly forces, systems, and facilities difficult to locate, strike, and destroy; The application of technology and procedures to reduce the risk of fratricide; Emergency management and response to reduce the loss of personnel and capabilities due to accidents, health threats, and natural disasters |
|
What are the 5 Protection Principles?
|
Comprehensive, Integrated, Layered, Redundant and Enduring
|
|
What is meant by the Principle Comprehensive?
|
A: Protection is an all-inclusive utilization of complementary and reinforcing protection tasks
and systems available to commanders, incorporated into the plan, to preserve the force |
|
What is meant by the Principle Integrated
|
Protection is integrated with other activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities associated
with unified land operations to provide strength and structure to the overall effort. Integration must occur vertically and horizontally with unified action |
|
What is meant by the Principle Layered
|
Protection capabilities are arranged using a layered approach to provide strength and depth.
Layering reduces the destructive effect of a threat or hazard through the dispersion of energy or the culmination of the force |
|
What is meant by the Principle Redundant?
|
Protection efforts are often redundant anywhere that a vulnerability or a critical point of failure
is identified. Redundancy ensures that specific activities, systems, efforts, and capabilities that are critical for the success of the overall protection effort |
|
What is meant by the Principle Enduring
|
Protection capabilities are ongoing activities for maintaining the objectives of preserving
combat power, populations, partners, essential equipment, resources, and critical infrastructure in every phase of an operation |
|
What is the Protection Warfighting Function?
|
the related tasks and systems that preserve the force so that commanders can apply maximum
combat power to accomplish the mission |
|
Name 5 of the 14 supporting tasks of the Protection Warfighting Function?
|
onduct operational area security; Employ safety techniques (including fratricide avoidance);
Implement operations security; Provide intelligence support to protection; Implement physical security procedures; Apply antiterrorism measures; Conduct law and order; Conduct survivability operations; Provide force health protection; Conduct chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear operations; Provide explosive ordnance disposal and protection support; Coordinate air and missile defense; Conduct |
|
What is the first step to effective Protection?
|
Planning
|
|
What are the keys to protection planning?
|
identifying the threats and hazards, assessing the threats and hazards to determine the risks,
developing preventive measures, and integrating protection tasks into a comprehensive scheme of protection that includes mitigating measures |
|
What are 5 of the 11 tasks of the Protection cell or Protection working group during planning?
|
Establishes a protection working group; Conducts initial assessments; Develops a critical asset
list and a defended asset list; Integrates and layers protection tasks; Develops a scheme of protection; Recommends protection priorities; Refines the running |
|
What are 5 of the 11 tasks of the Protection cell or Protection working group during preparation
of protection measures? |
Revises and refines the plan; Determines protection indicators and warnings for information
collection; Emplaces systems to detect threats to the critical assets; Directs operations security measures; Prepares and improves survivability positions; Conducts liaison and coordinates with adjacent and protected units; Rehearses; Trains with defended assets; Reviews the personnel recovery readiness of subordinate units; Establishes personnel recovery architecture; Implements vulnerability reduction measures |
|
How do Commanders maintain Protection?
|
by applying comprehensive protection capabilities, from main and supporting efforts to
decisive and shaping operations. Protection can be derived as a by-product or a complementary result of some combat operations (such as security operations), or it can be deliberately applied as commanders integrate and synchronize tasks that comprise the protection warfighting function |
|
What is Assessment
|
the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or
achieving an objective |
|
Who develops running estimates?
|
Who develops running estimates?
|
|
What are running estimates?
|
estimates that illustrate the significant aspects of a particular activity or function over time
|
|
What do running estimates allow a Commander?
|
they allow Commanders to maintain situational understanding and direct adjustments
|
|
ADP 3-90 & ADRP 3-90
|
Offense and Defense
|
|
What is Tactics?
|
is the employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other
|
|
What do Tactical Operations always require?
|
Tactical operations always require judgment and adaptation to the unique circumstances of a
specific situation |
|
What provides commanders with a set of tools to use in developing a solution to a tactical
problem? |
Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)
|
|
What is the Tactical Level of War?
|
Tactical Level of War is the level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and
executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces |
|
What is an Engagement?
|
An Engagement is a tactical conflict, usually between opposing, lower echelon maneuver
forces |
|
How long do Engagements usually last?
|
They are usually short, executed in terms of minutes, hours, or days
|
|
What is a Battle?
|
Battle consists of a set of related engagements that lasts longer and involves larger forces
than an engagement |
|
Why must Commanders master the art of science and tactics
|
to solve the problems that will face them on the battlefield
|
|
What does the art of tactics require from a commander
|
it requires exercising intuitive faculties that cannot be learned solely by study
|
|
What does the Acronym METT-TC stand for?
|
mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil
considerations |
|
9. What are the three interrelated aspects of the art of tactics
|
the creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions, decision-making
under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers |
|
Why must Commanders continue to change their Tactics?
|
Because the enemy changes and adapts to friendly moves during the planning, preparation,
and execution of an operation, there is no guarantee that tactics which worked in one situation will work again |
|
What does every Commander need to outwit a willing and able opponent
|
a high degree of creativity and clarity of thought
|
|
What makes Combat one of the most complex human activities?
|
Because Combat is characterized by violent death, friction, uncertainty, and chance
|
|
What is the science of tactics?
|
The science of tactics encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tactics—
capabilities, techniques, and procedures—that can be measured and codified |
|
What is a hasty operation
|
an operation in which a commander directs immediately available forces, using fragmentary
orders, to perform activities with minimal preparation, trading planning and preparation time for speed of execution |
|
What is a deliberate operation?
|
an operation in which the tactical situation allows the development and coordination of
detailed plans, including multiple branches and sequels |
|
What does the Commander base the decision to conduct a hasty or deliberate operation
on? |
current knowledge of the situation and an assessment of whether the assets available (to
include time) and the means to coordinate and synchronize those assets are adequate to accomplish the mission |
|
What are the two things inherent in tactical operations
|
Uncertainty and risk
|
|
What is a critical skill that a Commander must have?
|
knowing when there is enough information to make a decision within the higher commander’s
intent and constraints is part of the art of tactics |
|
When can a Commander be less deliberate in planning and preparing for an operation?
|
A: when facing a clearly less capable and less prepared enemy
|
|
What are actions on contact?
|
a series of combat actions, often conducted nearly simultaneously, taken on contact with the
enemy to develop the situation |
|
What is an important factor in reducing risk?
|
how much intelligence is available about the enemy
|
|
How can a Commander reduce risk associated with any situation?
|
by increasing knowledge of the terrain and friendly, neutral, and enemy forces
|
|
How does a Commander have a greater risk or making a poor decision?
|
if that individual’s situational understanding is incomplete or faulty
|
|
How can a Commander partially compensate for a lack of intelligence
|
by being flexible in troop dispositions through an increase in the depth of the security area, the
size and number of security |
|
What is joint interdependence
|
the purposeful reliance by one Service’s forces on another Service’s capabilities to maximize
the complementary and reinforcing effects of both |
|
What are the twelve principles of joint operations?
|
Objective 2. Offensive 3. Mass 4. Maneuver 5. Economy of Force 6. Unity of Command 7.
Security 8. Surprise 9. Simplicity 10. Perserverance 11. Legitimacy 12. Restraint |
|
What are the eight Operational Variables?
|
Political 2. Military 3. Economic 4. Social 5. Information 6. Infrastructure 7. Physical
Environment 8. Time |
|
What is Operational Variables?
|
A: those aspects of the operational environment, both military and nonmilitary, that may differ
from one operational area to another and affect operations |
|
What are the six Mission Variables?
|
Mission 2. Enemy 3. Terrain & Weather 4. Troops & support available 5. Time available 6.
Civil considerations |
|
What is critical during the military decision-making process
|
analyzing Mission Variables
|
|
What is critical during the military decision-making process?
|
analyzing Mission Variables
|
|
What are the 15 Basic Tactical Concepts?
|
Area of Operations 2. Combined Arms 3. Concept of Operaitons 4. Decisive engagement 5.
Defeat in detail 6. Flanks 7. Maneuver 8. Operation 9. Operational frameworks 10. Piecemeal Commitment 11. Reconstitution 12. Reserve 13. Rules of engagement 14. Tactical mobility 15. Uncommitted forces |
|
What are the Army’s Tactical Echelons?
|
the fire team or crew, through the squad, section, platoon, company, battalion, brigade, and
division |
|
What is Operational initiative?
|
setting or dictating the terms of action throughout an operation
|
|
How should Army Forces strike the Enemy?
|
using offensive action in times, places, or manners for which the enemy is not prepared to
seize, retain, and exploit the operational initiative |
|
Defeating the Enemy will ultimately require what?
|
our Forces being on the Offensive
|
|
What is the main purpose of the offensive?
|
to defeat, destroy, or neutralize the enemy force and to secure decisive terrain, to deprive the
enemy of resources, to gain |
|
What is the main feature of the offensive tasks?
|
taking and maintaining the initiative
|
|
What characterizes the conduct of offensive tasks?
|
Audacity, concentration, surprise, and tempo
|
|
What is the main focus of the commander for the offense?
|
to expedite the outcome
|
|
If a commander is in a difficult situation such as numerical inferiority, what could he do
to have a successful outcome? |
he should be bold and handle the situation audaciously
|
|
What is Concentration?
|
the ability to mass effects without massing large formations and is therefore essential for
achieving and exploiting success |
|
How do Commanders achieve Surprise?
|
by striking the enemy at a time, place, or manner for which the enemy is not physically or
mentally ready and by varying the direction, boldness, means, and force of the attack |
|
How does Surprise effect the Enemy?
|
Surprise delays enemy reactions, overloads and confuses enemy decisionmakers and command
and control systems, induces psychological shock in enemy soldiers and leaders, and reduces the coherence of the enemy defense |
|
What are some things Commanders can do to gain surprise?
|
Being unpredictable and using military deception, cunning, and guile also help to gain surprise
|
|
What is Tempo?
|
the rate of speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy
|
|
What is essential for maintaining the initiative?
|
controlling or altering that rate and Tempo
|
|
What are the four primary offensive tasks?
|
movement to contact, attack, exploitation and pursuit
|
|
What is Attack?
|
an offensive task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both
|
|
What are some Attack types?
|
ambush, counterattack, demonstration, spoiling attack, feint, and raid
|
|
What is Maneuver?
|
the employment of forces in the operational area through movement in combination with fires
to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy |
|
What are the forms of Maneuver?
|
envelopment, flank attack, frontal attack, infiltration, penetration, and turning movement
|
|
What are the four major activities of the operations process?
|
plan, prepare, execute and assess
|
|
47. What are the three integrating processes
|
intelligence preparation of the battlefield, targeting, and risk management
|
|
What does Maneuver allow the Defender?
|
Maneuver allows the defender to take full advantage of the area of operations and to mass and
concentrate when desirable |
|
What is the purpose of Security measures?
|
to coordinate and synchronize the defense, to provide early warning, and to begin the process
of disrupting the integrity of the enemy attack as early as possible. Commanders must provide for the protection of their forces |
|
What are the three basic Defensive Tasks?
|
area defense, mobile defense, and retrograde
|
|
What is Area Defense?
|
Area Defense is the defensive task that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to
designated terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright |
|
What is Mobile Defense?
|
Mobile Defense is a defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy
through a decisive attack by a striking force |
|
What is Retrograde
|
Retrograde is a defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy
|
|
What are the three forms of Retrograde?
|
The three forms of the retrograde are delay, withdrawal, and retirement
|
|
What are the three forms of Defense?
|
Defense of linear obstacle, Perimeter defense, Reverse slope defense
|
|
What does ADP 5-0 cover?
|
Operations Process
|
|
What are the major mission command activities performed during operations
|
Planning, preparing, executing, and assessing the operation
|
|
9. How do Commanders express their Visualization
|
Commander’s intent, planning guidance, critical information, requirements and essential
elements of friendly information |
|
How does a Commander show Leadership?
|
A: By providing purpose, direction and motivation to Subordinate Commanders, Staff and
Soldiers |
|
35. What are the Troop Leading Procedures?
|
receive the mission, issue the warning order, make a tentative plan, initiate movement, conduct
reconnaissance, complete the plan, issue the order, supervise and refine the plan |
|
What is the staff’s role in the operations process?
|
understanding situations, making and implementing decisions, controlling operations, and
assessing progress |
|
What are operational variables?
|
A;political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and
time. |
|
What are the three methodologies for planning?
|
Army design methodology, military decision making process, and troop leading procedures
|
|
what are the steps of MDMP?
|
receipt of mission, mission analysis, coa development, coa analysis, coa comparison, coa
approval, orders production, dissemination, and transition |
|
How do you effectively plan?
|
commanders focus planning, develop simple, flexible plans through mission orders, optimize
available planning time, continually refine the plan |
|
What does ADP 6-0 cover?
|
Mission Command
|
|
What is Mission Command
|
Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission
orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations |
|
What is the exercise of mission command based on?
|
Mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission
orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. |
|
What are the six principles of mission command?
|
Build cohesive teams through mutual trust; Create shared understanding; Provide a
clear commander’s intent; Exercise disciplined initiative; Use mission orders; Accept prudent risk |
|
What is a commander’s intent?
|
The commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation
and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned |
|
What is disciplined initiative?
|
Disciplined initiative is action in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer fit the
situation, or when unforeseen opportunities or threats arise |
|
Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are to achieve
them, are known as what? |
A: Mission orders
|
|
What is the creative and skillful exercise of authority through timely decision-making
and leadership called? |
Art of command
|
|
What is authority?
|
Authority is the delegated power to judge, act, or command
|
|
What is control?
|
Control is the regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission
in accordance with the commander’s intent. |
|
What does the “science of control” consist of?
|
It consists of systems and procedures used to improve the commander’s understanding
and support accomplishing missions. |
|
What is a team?
|
A team is a group of individuals or organizations that work together towards a common goal.
|
|
What are the five additional tasks that reside within the mission command warfighting
function that are commander-led and staff supported? |
Conduct the operations process: plan, prepare, execute, and assess; Conductknowledge management and information management; Conduct inform and influence
activities; Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities |
|
How do staff members assist the commander?
|
Staff assists the Commander in the details of planning, preparing, executing, and assessing
by conducting the operations process |
|
What is a mission command system?
|
Mission Command System is the arrangement of personnel, networks, information systems,
processes and procedures, and facilities and equipment that enable commanders to conduct operations. |
|
What is an information system?
|
An information system consists of equipment that collects, processes, stores, displays,
and disseminates information. |
|
What are mission orders?
|
Directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are
to achieve them. |
|
What is command?
|
Command is the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises
over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. |
|
What does ADP 6-22 cover?
|
Army Leadership
|
|
What is an Army Leader?
|
An Army leader is anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires
and influences people to accomplish organizational goals |
|
What is leadership
|
Leadership is the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and
motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization. |
|
What is toxic leadership?
|
Toxic leadership is a combination of self-centered attitudes, motivations, and behaviors that
have adverse effects on subordinates, the organization, and mission performance |
|
What do Toxic Leaders consistently use dysfunctional behaviors to do?
|
deceive, intimidate, coerce, or unfairly punish others to get what they want for themselves
|
|
Can a Toxic Leader still achieve results?
|
Yes, but only Short Term results where followers respond to the positional power of their
leader to fulfill requests |
|
Which Leader competency categories does a Toxic Leader ignore when getting short term
results? |
Leading and Developing Soldiers
|
|
What will Toxic or Negative Leadership effect in Followers
|
the followers’ will, initiative, and potential and destroys unit morale
|
|
What are the two Characteristics of a Toxic Leader?
|
operates with an inflated sense of self-worth and from acute self-interest
|
|
What Value must a leader have to take the initiative to make something happen rather
than standing by or withdrawing and hoping events will turn out well |
A: Personal Courage
|
|
What type of leader will learn from each decision and action; with guidance from superiors,
the leader will grow in confidence? |
A Self-Aware Leader
|
|
What type of Leaders have the psychological and physical capacity to bounce back from life’s
stressors to thrive in an era of high operational tempo and persistent conflict? |
Resilient and fit leaders
|
|
What is “Command”?
|
the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates by
virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions |
|
What is “Mission Command”?
|
the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to
enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations |
|
What Army Regulation specifically charges commanders to perform functions such as
establishing a positive climate,caring for the well-being of Soldiers, properly training their Soldiers and developing subordinates’ competence? |
A: AR 600-20
|
|
What is AR 600-20?
|
A: Army Command Policy
|
|
What are the three Levels of Leadership?
|
Direct; Organizational; Strategic
|
|
What is the Direct Level Leadership?
|
A: ability to apply competencies at a proficient level
|
|
What is the Organizational Level Leadership?
|
competencies to increasingly complex situations
|
|
What is the Strategic Level Leadership?
|
Shape the military through change over extended time
|
|
Shape the military through change over extended time
|
Formal; Informal; Collective; Situational
|
|
What are the three Leader Attributes
|
A: Character; Presence; Intellect
|
|
What are the three Leader Competencies?
|
A: Leads; Develops; Achieves
|
|
What is Character?
|
the essence of who a person is, what a person believes, how a person acts
|
|
What year was the Army’s First Leadership Doctrine Published?
|
A: 1948
|
|
What does a Leader taking care of people involve?
|
creating and sustaining a positive climate through open communications, trust, cohesion,
and teamwork |
|
Should every good Army Leader also need to be a good Follower
|
A: Yes
|
|
What are the things that a good Follower must Learn
|
learning loyalty, subordination, respect for superiors, and even when and how to lodge
candid disagreement |
|
How can Leaders mitigate resistance when trying to influence others?
|
by anticipating what others value, their reactions to influence, their shared understanding
of common goals, and their commitment to the general organization or the purpose of the mission and their trust in the organization and the leader |
|
How do Army Leaders build Trust?
|
by being honest and dependable
|
|
Which Army Value must leaders have in order to take the initiative to make something happen or confront problems of discipline and/or disorderly conduct?
|
Personal couragePersonal courage
|
|
What is collective leadership?
|
Collective leadership refers to the combined effects and interactions when leaders at different
levels synchronize their leadership actions to achieve a common purpose. |
|
Who can demonstrate leadership?
|
Anyone can demonstrate leadership
|
|
What are the three Leadership attributes?
|
Character, Presence and Intellect
|
|
What are the three Leadership competencies
|
Leads, Develops and Achieves
|
|
What is empathy?
|
Empathy is identifying and understanding what others think, feel and believe.
|
|
What does Character refer to?
|
the internal identity of the leader
|
|
What does Presence refer to?
|
how others see the leader, the leader’s outward appearance, demeanor, actions and words
|
|
What does Intellect refer to?
|
the abilities and knowledge the leader possesses to think and interact with others; the mental
and social faculties the leader applies in the act of leading |
|
How do Leaders build credibility with their Soldiers?
|
by unwaveringly adhering to applicable laws, regulations, and unit standards build
credibility with their subordinates and enhance trust from the American people they serve |
|
What is Building Trust?
|
an important competency to establish conditions of effective influence and for creating a
positive environment |
|
What is Actions speak louder than words?
|
Actions can speak louder than words and excellent leaders use this to serve as a role model
to set the standard |
|
Why must Leaders Communicate Effectively
|
Leaders communicate to convey clear understanding of what needs to be done and why
|
|
Arm Army Leaders expected to influence beyond the chain of command
|
Yes, involves influencing others when the leader does not have designated authority or
while the leader’s authority is not recognized by others, such as with unified action partners |
|
How do Leaders Create a positive environment
|
A Leader inspires an organization’s climate and culture
|
|
What is the Competency Prepares self?
|
encourages improvement in leading and other areas of leader responsibility
|
|
Why do Leaders Develop Others?
|
to assume greater responsibility or achieve higher expertise
|
|
Why does a Leader Steward the Profession
|
to maintain professional standards and effective capabilities for the future
|
|
When developing subordinates, what should a Leader provide?
|
resources the subordinate needs to succeed, makes expectations clear, and provides
positive, meaningful feedback |
|
What does Getting Results require?
|
the right level of delegation, empowerment and trust balanced against the mission
|
|
How do Leaders Develop?
|
when the individual desires to improve and invests effort, when his or her superior
supports development, and when the organizational climate values learning |
|
What are examples of Formal Systems that provide feedback for Leaders to Develop?
|
evaluation reports, academic evaluation reports, and 360 assessments
|
|
What is the quickest opportunity for Leaders to Lear and Develop
|
when there are challenging and interesting opportunities to practice leadership
with meaningful and honest feedback and multiple practice opportunities |
|
What does Leader Development Involve?
|
recruiting, accessing, developing, assigning, promoting, broadening, and retaining the
best leaders, while challenging them over time with greater responsibility, authority and accountability |
|
Why is "Military Leadership" unique?
|
because the armed forces grow their own leaders from the lowest to highest levels
|
|
What are the four requirements and expectations of character?
|
Army Values; Empathy; Warrior Ethos; Discipline
|
|
What are the four requirements and expectations of presence?
|
Military and professional bearing; Fitness; Confidence; Resilience
|
|
What are the five requirements and expectations of intellect?
|
A: Mental agility; Sound judgment; Innovation; Interpersonal tact; Expertise
|
|
What are the five requirements and expectations of the lead competency?
|
Leads others; Extends influence beyond the chain of command; Builds trust; Leads by
example; Communicates |
|
What are the four requirements and expectations of the develop competency?
|
Creates a positive environment/fosters espirit de corps; Prepares self; Develops others;
Stewards the profession |
|
What in the one requirement and expectation of the achieve competency?
|
Gets results
|
|
How does leadership develop within an individual
|
Leadership develops when the individual desires to improve and invests effort, when his or
her superior supports development, and when the organizational climate values learning |
|
What does the leader development process involve
|
Leader development involves recruiting, accessing, developing, assigning, promoting,
broadening, and retaining the best leaders, while challenging them over time with greater responsibility, authority and accountability. |
|
How is military leadership unique from civilian or private sector leadership?
|
Military leadership is unique because the armed forces grow their own leaders from the lowest
to highest levels. It entrusts leaders to develop professionally and be ready to accept greater responsibility when called upon. |
|
What does ADP 7-0 cover?
|
Training Units and Developing Leaders
|
|
What ADP Covers Training Units and Developing Leaders?
|
A: ADP 7-0
|
|
What are the three training domains the Army uses?
|
institutional, operational and self-development
|
|
What is the institutional training domain?
|
The Army’s institutional training and education system which includes training base centers
and schools that provide initial training and subsequent professional military education for Soldiers, Military Leaders and Army Civilians. |
|
What is the Operational Training domain?
|
training that organizations conduct at home stations, maneuver combat training centers,
during joint exercises, at mobilization centers and while operationally deployed. |
|
What is the self-development training domain?
|
oriented learning that reinforces and expands the knowledge base, self-awareness,
and situational awareness and it compliments institutional and operational learning and enhances professional competence and professionalism. |
|
What are the underlying logics of training and leader development?
|
Training and leader development, Training, Leader development, Role of the Commander
|
|
What is Unified Action?
|
Unified action is the synchronization, coordination and/or integration of the activities
of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort |
|
Who is responsible for training units and developing leaders?
|
Commanders
|
|
How do Commanders exercise training and leadership development
|
through formal and informal chains, assisted by progressive, challenging and realistic training
|
|
What is individual training?
|
Individual training allows for individuals to master fundamental skills. They are
responsible for their own professional grown and for seeking out self-development opportunities |
|
What is collective training
|
Collective training integrates and synchronizes the skills learned at the individual skill level. It
includes unit level tasks and events, but also requires individual skill proficiency and capitalizes on multi-echelon, joint, interagency and multinational forces training opportunities as often as needed. |
|
Who is responsible for the training proficiency of their respective organizations and subordinates?
|
Subordinate leaders; NCO's
|
|
Who are the primary trainers of enlisted Soldiers, crews and small teams?
|
Noncommissioned officers
|
|
What do leaders need to establish and enforce to ensure their organizations meet
mission requirements? |
Standards
|
|
What fundamentals must units at every echelon master in order to accomplish their missions?
|
Basic soldiering, the Warrior Tasks, battle drills, marksmanship, fitness and MOS
proficiencies |
|
What leaders attribute results from training under complex, changing conditions, with
minimal information available to make decisions? |
A: Adaptability
|
|
What training technique allows for simultaneous training of more than one echelon on different or
complementary tasks known as? |
A: Multi-echelon training
|
|
Which training principle prepares units and individuals to be resilient?
|
A: Train to Sustain
|
|
What are the seven principles of leader development?
|
Lead by example; Develop subordinate leaders; Create a learning environment for
subordinate leaders; Train leaders in the art and science of mission command; Train to develop adaptive leaders; Train leaders to think critically and creatively; Train your leaders to know their subordinates and their families. |
|
What should all leaders know about their subordinates?
|
Strength, weaknesses and capabilities
|
|
What is the primary focus of a unit when not deployed?
|
Training
|
|
What is the purpose of unit training
|
The purpose of unit training is to build and maintain
ready units to conduct unified land operations for combatant commanders |
|
What do units build once they master individual and collective tasks under the conditions of
their anticipated operational environmeWhat is the goal of METL proficiencynt |
Flexibility, integration, lethality, adaptability, depth and synchronization capabilities
|
|
What is the definition of a METL?
|
A: METL is the doctrinal framework of fundamental tasks for which the unit was designed
|
|
What does METL stand for?
|
A: Mission Essential Task List
|
|
What is the goal of METL proficiency?
|
The goal of METL proficiency is to enable the unit to adapt to unexpected situations
during mission execution |
|
What type of approach do unit training plans use that progressively and systematically builds
on successful task performance before progressing to more complex tasks? |
Crawl-Walk-Run approach
|
|
What do subordinates provide in order to enable the Commander to assess the readiness of
a mission-essential task? |
A: After Actions Review (AAR)
|