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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If a defendant “stands mute” at his or her arraignment, Which plea will be entered before the judge?
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Not Guilty
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Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an individual?
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Public Order advocates
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One purpose of _________ is to provide an opportunity for bail.
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the first appearance before the judge
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Which Supreme Court era is remembered for its concern with protecting the innocent against massive power of the state in criminal proceedings?
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Warren Court
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Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights?
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Due-process advocates
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The preliminary hearing is used to decide all but which of the following?
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Whether the defendant is guilty
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__________ refers to understandings built up thorough common usage and also to decisions rendered by courts in previous cases.
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Precedent
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Enron executives Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skillings’s conspiracy to commit securities and wire fraud is an example of. . .
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White collar crime
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The model of criminal justice assumes that the efforts of the component parts of the system are fragmented, leading to a criminal justice nonsystem is ...
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the conflict model
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Which of the following acts was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks on the world trade center and the pentagon on sep 11, 2001
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USA Patriot Act
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......is not considered larceny
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Stealing a car
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......is a form of computer crime.
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Phishing
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.....is not a Part 1 crime
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Fraud
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......is an offense that does not fall under the category of larceny
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Robbery
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Part II offenses include all of the following except .....
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burglary
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....of sentences are imposed in criminal cases because of guilty pleas rather than trials.
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About 80-90 percent
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An offender who has served a portion of a prison sentence may be freed on....
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parole
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The ________ are based on crime reported by the police.
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Uniform Crime Reports
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.....refers to the aspects of the administrative justice that concern violations of criminal law.
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Criminal justice
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One example of violent crime is
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forcible rape.
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Social justice is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life.
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True
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Public-order advocates believe the interests of society take precedence over individual rights.
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True
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A trial is the examination of the issues of the fact and law in a case for the purpose of reaching a judgment of conviction of acquittal of the defendant.
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True
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An indictment is a formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense.
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True
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The FEMA experienced surprisingly little fraud after the Katrina disaster.
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False
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Herbert Packer is credited with creating the crime-control model of criminal justice.
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True
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The conflict model assumes that the interests of criminal justice agencies tend to be self-serving.
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True
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Every criminal defendant, even those who commit petty offenses, has a right under the 6th amendment to the U.S. constitution to a trial by jury.
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False
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Public-order advocates primarily seek to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice.
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False
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Criminal trials are expensive and time consuming.
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True
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A consecutive sentence is one that consists of two or more sentences that have been imposed simultaneously after the conviction for more than one offense, and that are the be served at the same time.
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False
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Guilty pleas are a rare occurrence.
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False
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Men are more likely to be victimized than women.
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True
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Property crimes typically have lower clearance rates than personal/violent crimes.
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False
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The federal fetal homicides statute passed in 2004 prohibits the prosecution of abortionists who are acting with the consent of the pregnant women
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True
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The hierarchy rule is a way of counting crime reports such that only the most serious of a series of events is scored
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True
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Most UCR information is reported as a rate of crime.
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True
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The FBI compiles the UCR.
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True
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The clearance rate of any crime refers to the proportion of reported crimes that have been solved.
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True
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Criminology is the scientific study of crime causation and prevention, and of the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders.
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True
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Once an offender has been sentenced, the stage of “corrections” begins.
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True
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The systems model of criminal justice is an accurate representation of how the system works.
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False
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Hate crimes targeting illegal immigrants have declined over the last 10 years.
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false
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Crimes involving fraud, even though they may be termed thefts, are not counted as larceny for the purposes of the UCR
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True
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Spam is the result of malicious computer programs such as viruses, worms, and Trojan horses.
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False
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The National Incident-Based Reporting System will replace the UCR.
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True
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Older victims are more likely to attempt to protect themselves than are younger ones.
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False
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Causation refers to the fact that the concurrence of a guilty mind and a criminal act may produce or cause harm
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TRUE
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The principle of recognizing previous decisions as precedents to guide future deliberations is called stare decisis.
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TRUE
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A necessary first feature of any crime is some act in violation of law
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TRUE
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In 2003 Brian P. Regan was convicted of trying to sell classified documents to prewar Iraq and China. Is it true or false that his crime was espionage?
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TRUE
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Civil suit seek punishment, not compensation
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FALSE
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Civil law provides a formal mean for regulating non criminal relationship among people, business, and other agencies of government
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TRUE
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Actus reus means “guilty mind”
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TRUE
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Corpus delicti refers to the facts that show a crime has occurred
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TRUE
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Which of the following types of law is based on the assumption that acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole?
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CRIMINAL LAW
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A traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created from everyday social customs, rules, and practices
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COMMON LAW
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The maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles
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RULE OF LAW
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The part of the law that specifies the methods to be used for enforcing substantive criminal law
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PROCEDURAL LAW
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The body of regulations that the government creates to control the activities of industry, business, and the individuals
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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
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Which violation is not a misdemeanor
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ROBBERY
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Which is not categorized as a felony
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PETTY THEFT
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Which is not an element of crime?
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MOTIVE
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in its written form, the criminal law is also known as
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PENAL CODE
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Which of the following terms refers to gathering, transmitting, or losing information related to the national defense in such a manner that the information becomes available to enemies of the United States?
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espionage
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In the Andrea Yates murder trial, the jury had to decide if she knew that murdering her children was wrong, in order to consider
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her insanity defense.
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Murder, rape, and robbery all fall under what branch of modern law?
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substantive criminal law
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To avoid claims of entrapment, police officers must not:
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engage in an activity that would improperly induce a person to commit a crime.
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Which of the following elements of crime means “guilty mind”?
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mens rea
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Joe Maloney, a 22-year old iron worker, is accused of murdering his brother. He claims that he stabbed his brother to release the evil spirits within his body. The excuse defense that would most likely be used at his trial is:
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insanity
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Which of the following is a procedural defense
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double jeopardy
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Which type of law is enacted by a govt body or agency having the power to make law
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statutory law
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The main objective of a civil lawsuit is to
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seek just compensation
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__________ is the philosophy of law
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jurisprudence
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The principle of recognizing previous decisions as precedents to guide future deliberations is called
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stare decisis
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__________ are generally more serious than __________, but less serious than ____________.
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misdeameanors; offenses; felonies
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What term describes an offense not yet completed?
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inchoate
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Mens rea is most clearly present when a person acts
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purposefully and knowingly
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Which Constitutional Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial?
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Sixth
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A decentralized state police agency often operates with two agencies – a highway patrol and a state bureau of investigation
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True
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Wilson’s legalistic style of policing has been referred to as laissez-faire policing because officers avoid disputes that do not break the law
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True
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Discretion is used mostly in routine situations that involve offenses that are not very serious
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True
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Socialization into the police subculture commences with new recruits
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True
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Which policing strategy reorganizes conventional patrol strategies into integrated and versatile police teams assigned to a fixed district?
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team policing
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Which state had the first modern state police agency
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Pennsylvania
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The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment established that
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preventive patrol does not affect citizen fear of crime
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The FBI Headquarters is located in what city
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Washington, D.C.
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Which of the following is not one of the three major levels of law enforcement
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district
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Why doesn’t police response time result in a significant number of arrests?
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Citizens do not report the event to the police until a considerable amount of time passes.
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Which local law enforcement official is responsible for serving court papers, maintaining security within courtrooms, and running the county jail?
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sheriff
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The political era of American policing was characterized by
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police serving the interests of politicians.
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Semipermanent assignment of officers to particular neighborhoods is called
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team policing
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Community policing is best characterized by which of the following
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providing service to citizens
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The legalistic style of policing
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enforces the letter of the law
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Police-community relations (PCR) as a police practice
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recognizes that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve
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In what era of policing did police departments focus most of their resources on solving “traditional” crimes such as murder and rape?
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the reform era
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Which of the following is not an element of community policing?
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centralization of command
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A “knowing waiver” of rights requires that the defendant be able to understand the consequences of not knowing the Miranda rights.
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• True
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Recent lower courts decisions have ruled that the plain-view doctrine has no application to digital evidence.
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• False
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The U.S. Supreme Court established the public safety exception to the Miranda rule in NY v. Quarles.
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• True
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The first significant U.S. Supreme Court case involving an automobile was Carroll v. U.S.
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• True
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A landmark U.S. supreme court decision establishes guidelines by which the police and the rest of the justice system must abide.
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• True
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Harris v. U.S. sets out the plain-view doctrine
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• True
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Evidence seized by police officers who are proceeding on a warrant but violate the knock-and-announce rule will be subject to the exclusionary rule.
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• False
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During the 1960’s, the U.S. Supreme Court accelerated the process of guaranteeing individual rights in the face of criminal prosecution.
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• True
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The plain-view doctrine still applies if officers move objects so they can see evidence otherwise hidden from view.
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• False
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Officers armed with a warrant are legally allowed to enter a person’s home unannounced if the officers have a reasonable suspicion that it would be dangerous to announce themselves
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• True
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Probable cause is necessary for an arrest under any circumstance.
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• True
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Officers are usually required to submit an affidavit to magistrate or prosecutor in order to obtain an arrest warrant
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• True
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The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the use of a drug sniffing dog during a routine and lawful traffic stop is permissible and may not even be a search within the meaning of the 4th amendment.
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• True
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In 2006 the USA Patriot Act was repealed.
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• False
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Suspects who flee from officers and throw away evidence as they retreat may be arrested based on the nature of the abandoned evidence.
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• True
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Officers only need to provide Miranda warnings in those situations involving custodial interrogation.
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• True
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Warrantless searches of a vehicle are permitted if officers have probable cause to believe contraband is present.
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• True
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In technical terms, an arrest occurs whenever a law enforcement officer restricts a person’s freedom to leave
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• True
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When using phone taps, police must stop monitoring the call when it becomes obvious the conversation is innocent
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• True
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Unreasonable searches and seizures are prohibited by the
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• 4th Amendment
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This rule requires that incriminating evidence be seized by police according to the constitutional specifications of due process or it will not be allowed as evidenced in court.
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• Exclusionary rule
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Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule?
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• Weeks v. U.S.
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A legal principle that excludes from introduction at the trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure.
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• Fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine
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Which of the following is not a justification for emergency warrantless searches?
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• Danger to property
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Which Supreme Court ruling applied the principles developed in Weeks v. U.S. to trials in state courts?
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• Mapp v. Ohio
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Which famous 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case provided for the advisement of rights to criminal suspects prior to questioning?
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• Miranda v. Arizona
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An officer’s authority to detain occupants of a dwelling incident to the execution of a valid search warrant is
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• Absolute and unqualified
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Jake and Sue are married and own their home. The police come to the house and ask permission to search the house for drugs. Jake gives his consent to the search, but Mary says no because she has hidden some drugs in the kitchen. The police come in and search, over Mary’s objection, since Jake said it was okay. They find Mary’s drugs.
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• The drugs cannot be used at Mary’s trial because she did not consent to the search
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An _________warrant is issued based on probable cause to believe the evidence of a crime, while not currently at the place described, will likely be there when the warrant is executed.
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• Anticipatory
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Probable cause is
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• A legal criterion residing in a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime.
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Under Terry vs. Ohio the police may conduct a ________ search.
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• Simple pat-down
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An officer knocks on the door of a suspected drug dealer, who invites the officer into the house. While in the kitchen, the officer notices a marijuana plant on the window sill. The officer may legally seize the plant under the _________ doctrine.
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• Plain-view
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What legal concept provides the basis of suspicionless searches when public safety is at issue?
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• Compelling interest
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A stop under Terry vs. Ohio must be based on
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• A reasonable suspicion
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Which of the following cases emphasizes the totality of circumstances approach?
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• Illinois v. Gates
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What two principles are considered the Miranda triggers?
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• Custody and interrogation
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The Supreme Court gives qualified immunity to officers to protect them from lawsuits if the officers believed their actions were lawful based on the information they possessed at the time.
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• True
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Stress is a natural component of police work.
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• True
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Less-lethal weapons cannot offer a potential solution to incidents of “suicide by cop.”
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• False
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Private security personnel
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• Protect lives and private property
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In 2004 the International Association of Chiefs of Police found fault with America’s homeland security strategy because it
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• Was developed without seeking advice of local public safety organizations
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The collection and analysis of information to produce an intelligence end product designed to inform the police decision making at both the tactical and strategic levels.
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• Bivens action
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Since September 11, the need to share _________ across jurisdictions has become apparent.
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• Criminal intelligence
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Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases specified the conditions under which deadly force could be used to apprehend a suspected felon?
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• Tennessee v. Garner
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What division in a police department investigates charges that officers are guilty of wrong doing?
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• Internal Affairs
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__________ training can be used to control corruption.
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• Ethics
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Historically, officers were allowed to use deadly force to prevent the escape of a suspected felon. This was known as the
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• Fleeing felon rule
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Police subculture is transmitted primarily
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• Through informal socialization
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A recent study by the FBI found that most slain officers
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• Were good natured and well-liked by the community and department
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When a police officer arrests someone based on an improperly issued warrant.
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• The warrant protects the officer from liability
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