Addiction

Front 1

Protiens

Back 1

Neurotransmitter transports and neurotransmitter receptors are both __________ that create channels through the phospholipid bilayer.

Front 2

What is Number 1

Back 2

The third part of the reward pathway is the prefrontal cortex.

Front 3

What is number 2

Back 3

The second part of the reward pathway is the Nucleus Accumbens.

Front 4

What is number 3

Back 4

The first part of the reward pathway is the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

Front 5

Action of cocaine in the synapse

Back 5

This drug blocks dopamine transporter proteins. As a result excess dopamine becomes trapped in the synapse where it repeatedly binds to the dopamine receptor proteins.

Front 6

Where do Cocaine and Methamphetamine reduce brain function?

Back 6

Cerebral Cortex and nucleus accumbens.

Front 7

Why is crack more likely to cause addiction with less exposure than cocaine?

Back 7

The user feels the high from crack in 10 - 15 seconds, while cocaine takes 10 - 15 minutes.

"The high the high, the faster the high the more addictive with less exposure."

Front 8

What is the effect of methamphetamine in the synapse?

Back 8

This drug is taken up by the dopamine transports proteins and pushes dopamine out of the vesicles. The dopamine transporter proteins work in reverse and push dopamine into the synapse where it repeatedly binds to the dopamine receptor proteins.

Front 9

Why does smoking or injecting a drug lead to addiction faster with less exposure than than snorting or ingesting?

Back 9

More of the drug gets to the synapse creating a faster, higher high. The higher the high, the faster the high the more likely to form an addiction with less exposure.

Front 10

What does it mean to, "say the higher the high, the faster the high, the increase in the probability of addiction with less exposure."

Back 10

You can get addicted to any drug regardless of the method used to take the drug. However, if you increase your chance of becoming addicted faster if the drug acts quickly and create an euphoric high.

Front 11

What long term effects of Methamphetamine support the idea that it increases your chances of developing schizophrenia?

Back 11

There is a correlation between users of this drug and schizophrenia. Long term effects of using this drug include, paranoia, hallucinations, and repetitive motor activity.

Front 12

Cocaine

Back 12

This drug increases the amount of dopamine in the reward pathway to 3 times more than the body can naturally produce.

Front 13

Methamphetamine

Back 13

This drug increase the amount of dopamine in the reward pathway to 6 times more than the body can naturally produce.

Front 14

Why does heroin acts like morphine in the synapse?

Back 14

Because heroin is converted to morphine by enzymes naturally produced in the body.

Front 15

What are opioids?

Back 15

Heroin, Morphine/Kadian/Avinza, Hydrocodone/Vicodin, Oxycodone/Oxycontin/Percocet, and Codeine are all examples of this type of drug.

Front 16

How does heroin (and other opioids) act in the reward pathway?

Back 16

This drug blocks the transmission of GABA by a neighboring GABA regulating axon terminal. As a result the unregulated axon terminal floods the synapse with dopamine.

Front 17

Tolerance

Back 17

Physiological response to the drug decreases, and more of the drug is needed to achieve the high.

Front 18

Dependency

Back 18

The creates withdrawal symptoms when a person tries to quit a drug because the body can no longer regulate things like body temperature, pain, and mood with out the drug.

Front 19

What is the role of ecstasy in the synapse?

Back 19

This drug is taken up by serotonin transporter proteins and pushes serotonin out of the vesicles. The serotonin transporters then work in reverse pumping serotonin into the synapse were it repeatedly binds to the serotonin receptor proteins.

Front 20

What are three ways ecstasy can kill you?

Back 20

Suicide ( serotonin is a mood regulator without receptors you can become depressed)

Hyperthermia (the body can over heat, serotonin regulates your body temperature)

Hyponatreamia (not enough sodium to regulate water, the body takes in more water than normal and the brain swells.)

Front 21

How does ecstasy affects your ability to learn.

Back 21

It reduces the connections in the cerebral cortex (where memories are stored)

Front 22

How does LSD act in the synapse?

Back 22

LSD binds to serotonin receptor proteins.It acts as both an inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter. It takes much longer for the enzymes to break down the LSD than it does to break down serotonin.

Front 23

Long term effects of LSD abuse.

Back 23

Visual disturbances, Disorganized thinking, paranoia, mood disturbances, change in cerebral blood flow and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) or flash backs, are all long term effects of this drug.

Front 24

How does alcohol act in the synapse?

Back 24

When alcohol enter the synapse it increases the affect of GABA. It takes longer for the enzymes to break down the alcohol as a result the cell is inhibited longer.

Front 25

How come alcohol is addictive?

Back 25

By increasing the effects of GABA it is hyperpolarizing the cell. It is like putting your foot on the gas and break at the same time, when you take your foot off the gas you move fast, when GABA is out of the way the cell fires rapidly flooding it with dopamine.

Front 26

How does alcohol create blackouts?

Back 26

GABA inhibits the actions in the limbic system as well as the reward pathway. As a result the limbic system is not able to create memories.

Front 27

What is the effect of THC in the synapse?

Back 27

This drug binds to anandamine receptor proteins in a neighboring axon terminal of cells in the cerebral cortex. Anandamine acts as a GABA regulator. The GABA in return regulates the amount of dopamine released by a neighboring axon terminal. As a result THC increases the amount of dopamine by decreasing the amount of regulation.

Front 28

Why can smoking marijuana and drinking alcohol be fatal?

Back 28

Anandamine is involved in regulating our bodies natural response to vomit when poison is detected. Therefor vomiting is your bodies natural response to alcohol poisoning (drinking too much). This drug turns off this response increasing your chances of alcohol poisoning.

Front 29

What is rule 1 if you must abuse a drug and why is it a rule?

Back 29

Never do drugs if you are under the age of 23.

You have an under developed frontal lob! Let your brain finish growing before you mess it up. You increase you chances of addiction and life long side effects. Most people do not do drug once the frontal lob is developed.

Front 30

What is rule 2 if you must abuse a drug and why is it a rule?

Back 30

Go to college and learn how to make/grow your own drug.

Your drug dealer is NOT your friend! Drugs can be easily lased or cut with other substance you don't want. Also if you take chemistry you'll probable change your mind once you learn how the drug is made.

Front 31

What is rule 3 if you must abuse a drug and why is it a rule?

Back 31

Never Mix Drugs.

They can interact in ways that increase your chances of death. Ecstasy and Meth increase chances of hyperthermia. Alcohol and Marijuana increase your chances of alcohol poisoning.

Front 32

What is rule 4 if you must abuse a drug and why is it a rule?

Back 32

Always have a sober trustworthy baby sitter.

Someone who will call 911 if something goes wrong. Someone who will make sure you are safe. In 2014 drug overdose lead to over 47,000 deaths. In addition there were over 29,000 alcohol-induced deaths.