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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
treatment for cough depends on what |
underlying cause |
|
90 percent of bronchitis are what |
viral |
|
most common bronchitis pathogens |
Influenza parainfluenza RSV coronavirus adenovirus rhinovirus |
|
which of the previous is very common |
adenovirus |
|
name the atypical bronchitis pathogens |
Bordetella pertussis mycoplasma pneumoniae chlamydia pneumoniae |
|
what would you consider for alternate causes of bronchitis |
History of URI symptoms Irritants (aerosols, dust, fumes, molds) Aspiration Change in lifestyle Smoking |
|
how will most of the chest x-rays look in acute bronchitis |
normal |
|
treatment for viral bronchitis |
symptomatic |
|
2 dangerous illnesses that may be associated with bronchitis |
sars H1N1 |
|
what other treatments would you use for acute bronchitis
|
Bronchodilators (if bronchospasm)
Anti-inflammatory agents
Nasal sprays
Anti-tussive agents
Combination meds with pain medications
Smoking cessation |
|
treatment for chronic bronchitis |
Smoking cessation Bronchodilators Oxygen therapy Antibiotics |
|
what happens if you get new symptoms post treatment? |
re-evaluation might be needed |
|
examples of new symptoms that raise concern |
Fever Increase in sputum production Chest pain |
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Bronchiolitis is common in what age group |
infants and children |
|
what are the two common pathogens |
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Adenovirus |
|
what are the classifications for bronchiolitis |
acute constrictive proliferative |
|
acute bronchiolitis |
neutrophilicor mononuclear without proliferative collagen formation |
|
constrictive bronchiolitis |
chronic inflammation, concentric scarring, and smooth muscle hypertrophy |
|
another name for constrictive |
Obliterative |
|
proliferative bronchiolitis |
intraluminal exudate obstructing the lumen |
|
proliferative bronchiolitis can lead to what |
pneumonia |
|
if an adult has bronchiolitis it is related to what |
underlying condition |
|
3 examples of underlying conditions |
Transplantation Connective tissue disease Hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
|
typical age these patients present at |
50-70 |
|
symptoms of adult bronchiolitis |
Dry cough dyspnea constitutionalsymptoms ranging weeks to months |
|
treatment for bronchiolitis for children |
supportive +/- steroids albuterol |
|
treatment for bronchiolitis for adults with constrictive |
oral steroids have little benefit |
|
treatment for bronchiolitis for adults with proliferative |
Prednisone1mg/kg/day x 1-3 months then tapered to 20-40mg/day for 3-6 months |
|
prognosis of bronchiolitis is dependent upon what |
severity of underlying disease and acute illness |
|
it is estimated that 1 million people in the US died in what |
pandemic flu of 1918 |
|
what is highly contagious and comes in 3 different strains |
influenza |
|
which two strains have similar characteristics |
A & B |
|
which strain has a very short lived duration |
C |
|
which strain is most likely to lead to a pandemic |
A |
|
which flu was transmitted from bird to humans in 2009 |
H1N1 virus |
|
type of flu that can affect a variety of mammals
|
type A
|
|
type of flu that usually only affects humans |
B & C |
|
subtypes of H & N |
Hemagglutinin Neuramidase |
|
influenza laboratory findings |
leukopenia nasal swab influenza (A & B) throat swab |
|
hallmark of care for influenza |
prevention |
|
who gets vaccinated |
1. Patients >age 50 2. Nursing home patients 3. Children over 6 months 4. Chronic lung disease 5. Pregnant in 2nd or 3rd trimester 6. Health care workers |
|
treatment for influenza |
rest fluids analgesia (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) anti-tussives time |
|
other treatments must be administered in the first two days of onset to be effective. what are those drugs |
zanamifir oseltamivir peramivir |
|
which drug is contraindicated in asthma patients |
zanamifir |
|
which drug is administered by IV and comes directly from the CDC |
Peramivir |
|
the previous drugs are marketed to do what |
to reduce the number of sick days and symptoms |
|
how long does the flu last |
7 days |
|
complications of the flu
|
Co-morbid illness
Viral Pneumonia
CHF Diabetes
Renal failure
Heart disease
Pulmonary illness |
|
prognosis of the flu |
good in young, healthy adults |
|
how does a pulmonary function test work |
Measures the lungs ability on airflow &transfer of gas via alveolar-capillary exchange system |
|
what does it detect |
type and extent of pulmonarydisease |
|
contraindications for PFT's |
Acute or severe asthma Respiratory distress Pneumothorax Hemoptysis Active tuberculosis |
|
total lung capacity TLC
|
Total amount of gas that exists at the end of a maximal inhalation |
|
vital capacity
VC
|
Total amount of gas that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation |
|
Residual volume RV |
Amount of gas left in the lungs after amaximum exhalation |
|
Inspiratory capacity IC |
Amount of gas that one can inhale at thestart of a normal breath |
|
Functional Reserve Capacity FRC |
Amount of gas that remains at the end ofa resting tidal breath |
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume IRV
|
Available amount of volume that can be achieved at a full tidal breath |
|
Tidal Volume
Vt
|
Amount of gas that is inhaled and exhaled with each breath |
|
Expiratory Volume Reserve
EVR
|
Amount of gas remaining that can be exhaled beyond a normal exhalation |
|
3 normal patterns of lung disease |
normal obstructive restrictive |