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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is acute abdomen?
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Sudden onset of abdominal pain usually correctible with surgery
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Chief sx of acute abdomen;
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PAIN
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How is visceral pain different from somatic?
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Visceral - dull/diffuse
Somatic - sharper/localized |
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What is hematemesis?
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Vomiting blood - bright red or coffee grounds
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What does coffee ground hematemesis indicate?
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Blood has spent some time in stomach acid being digested
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What location of bleeding is usually indicated by bright red or coffee ground hematemesis then?
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Proximal to the ligament of trietz - UPPER GI bleed
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What is Hematochezia?
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Passage of BRBPR
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What location of bleeding is typically indicated by hematochezia?
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Anywhere really, but usually LOWER GI bleed
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What is Melena and what level of bleeding does it typically indicate?
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Black tarry stools - any level of the GI tract
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How much blood does it take to be Guiac positive?
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Only 20 ml
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What are the 4 first things to do in assessing the patient with a GI hemorrhage?
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-History
-Physical -fibroscopic endoscopy for upper GI -anoscopy/sigmoidoscopy for lower GI |
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What is used to rule out upper GI bleeding?
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Nasogastric tube
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What type of study is useful in evaluating lower GI bleeding?
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Angiography
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What is NOT so great for assessing lower GI bleeds? Why?
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Colonoscopy - high risk of perforation
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What is the treatment plan for a lower GI bleed?
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-NG tube
-Replete clotting factors, IVF, blood -Vasopressin -Balloon tamponade |
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What are the most common causes of upper GI bleed in adult?
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-Duodenal ulcer
-Gastric ulcer -Erosive gastritis -Esophageal varices -Mallory weiss tears -Gastric cancer -AV malformation |
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What are the 2 most common causes of lower GI bleed in children?
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-Meckel's diverticulum
-Intussusception |
