Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the indications for performing Joint Mobilization?
|
Pain, Muscle Guarding, spasm. Reversible joint hypomobility, positional faults/subluxations, progressive limitation, functional immobility
|
|
What are the therapeutic effects of JM?
|
Brings nutrients to articular cartilage, Maintains extensibility and tensile strength of the articular and periarticular tissues, provide awareness of position and motion
|
|
What are the contraindications of JM?
|
Hypermobility, inflammation, joint effusion
|
|
True or False: if pain is experienced before tissue limitation, then pain inhibiting techniques should be used.
|
TRUE
|
|
True or False: if pain is experienced concurrently with tissue limitation, then aggressive stretching techniques can be used.
|
FALSE, gentle stretching
|
|
True or False: a grade II Oscillatory technique involves small-amplitude rhythmic oscillations.
|
FALSE, large
|
|
True or False: a grade II sustained translatory technique tightens the tissues around the joint.
|
TRUE
|
|
True or False: the first treatment of JM is performed in the closed packed position.
|
False, resting position
|
|
True or False: proper patient stabilization is important when performing JM.
|
TRUE
|
|
True or False: gliding techniques used in JM are applied perpendicular to the treatment plane.
|
False, parallel
|
|
True or False: when using sustained translatory techniques for the first time on a patient, you should begin with a Grade I technique.
|
False, you should begin with a Grade II
|
|
True or False: Grade II and III oscillatory techniques should be performed at a rate of 2-3 per second.
|
TRUE
|
|
True or False: when performing sustained JM techniques on restricted joints, the technique should be held a minimum of 30 seconds.
|
False, 6 seconds
|
|
What direction should the talus be mobilized to gain dorsiflexion in an open kinectic chain (OKC)?
|
Posteriorly
|
|
What direction should the proximal row of carpal bones be mobilized to gain extension in an OKC?
|
Anteriorly, remember to place the joint in the anatomical position
|
|
What are the three types of ROM exercises used in PT?
|
Passive, Active and Active-Assistive
|
|
What are the indications for performing PROM?
|
Injuries that are in the acute phase, and when a patient is not able or not supposed to actively move a segment
|
|
Which of the following patients is NOT a good candidate for PROM: a comatose patient, a paralyzed patient, a S/P Total knee replacement, a patient with a unhealed fracture
|
Unhealed fracture
|
|
What are the indications for performing A/AAROM?
|
When a patient is allowed to contract the muscles, atrophy, aerobic conditioning, after immobilization.
|
|
What are the goals of AROM?
|
Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility in the muscles, provide sensory feedback from contracting muscles, provide a stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity, increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation, develop coordination and motor skills.
|
|
PROM will not:
|
Prevent muscle atrophy, increase strength or endurance, assist circulation
|
|
What is the difference between stretching and PROM?
|
PROM does not result in an increase of ROM, stretching's goal to achieve plastic deformation
|
|
True or False: Active and passive ROM techniques should be performed smoothly and rhythmically.
|
TRUE
|
|
True or False: when stretching a muscle, the joint should be move in the opposite direction that occurs when the muscle that is being stretched contracts.
|
TRUE
|
|
Name 4 potential benefits or outocmes of stretching?
|
Increased flexibility and ROM, general fitness, injury prevention and enhanced performance.
|
|
What are some detrimental effects of immobilization?
|
Decay in contractile protein, decrease in the number of myofibrils resulting in atrophy and weakness, decrease in sacromeres which leads to a decrease in muscle length
|
|
What is the neurophysiological response of muscle to stretch?
|
If the stretch is applied in a sudden manner, the primary afferent fibers stimulate alpha motorneurons in the spinal cord and facilitate a contraction that is being stretched.
|
|
What determinants need to be considered during stretching?
|
Alignment and stabilization of the body during stretching, intensity, speed , duration, frequency and mode.
|
|
What is the minimum time that a static stretch should be held?
|
30 seconds
|
|
What is the optimal intensity that should be used in when stretching tissue?
|
Low load, long duration (Creep)
|
|
True or False: Ballistic stretching should not be used on elderly patients with musculoskeletal pathology or chronic contratures.
|
True
|
|
True or False: when stretching shortened tissue, the force should be applied gradually.
|
TRUE
|
|
True or False: the optimal frequency that should be used to stretch tissue is 3-5 times per week.
|
False, it is up to the descretion of the therapist.
|
|
Describe a Hold-relax stretching technique.
|
The range limiting muscle is first lengthened to the point of limitation, the performs a end-range isometric contraction for 10 seconds, followed by voluntary relaxation of the tight muscle. The limb is then is then passively moved into the new range as range-limiting muscle is elongated.
|
|
Describe Agonist Contraction.
|
Same as Hold-relax except the antagonist is asked to contract.
|
|
Name the factors that contribute to restricted motion.
|
Prolonged immobilization, Sedentary lifestyle and habitual faulty or asymmetric postures, paralysis, tone abnormalities and muscle imbalances, postural malalignment
|
|
How are contractures named?
|
By identifying the action of the shortened muscle. If a patient has shortened elbow flexors and cannot fully extend the elbow, he or she is said to have an elbow flexion contracture.
|
|
What is the safest form of stretching technique?
|
Static stretching
|
|
Define Cyclic (intermittent) stretching.
|
A relatively short-duration force that is repeatedly but gradually applied, released, and then reapplied.
|
|
Name 6 factors that can affect the frequency of stretching.
|
Underlying cause of impaired mobility, level of healing tissue, chroncity of a contracture, patient's age, use of corticosteroids, and previous response to stretching
|
|
What is the recommended number of repititions when performing A and PROM?
|
5-10 reps
|
|
How far should you move a joint when performing A and PROM?
|
Through its complete pain-free range to the point of tissue resistance.
|
|
Provide 2 examples of "selective stretching."
|
Not stretching the longer finger flexors and back extensors in spinal cord patients
|
|
What type of stimulus do Muscle spindles respond to? What response do they produce when stimulated?
|
Quick and sustained stretch.
It causes a contraction of the muscle |
|
What type of stimulus do Gogi tendon organs respond to? What response do they produce when stimulated?
|
Tension or force in a muscle
It inhibits the muscle from contracting |
|
Define Plasticity
|
the tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length after the stretch force has been removed
|
|
Define the term sarcomere absorption
|
the reduction in length of a muscle and its fibers and in the number of sarcomeres that occurs with immobilization
|