Actcm - Medical Terminology - Final

Front 1

Anterior Pituitary (hormones are made within the gland)

Back 1

Located in the Brain - "FLAT PiG"

- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH-ovaries)

- Luteinizing Hormone (LH-corpus luteum)

- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTCH-adrenal cortex)

- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH-thyroid)

- Prolactin (lactation)

- Growth Hormone/Somatotropin (growth)

Front 2

Posterior Pituitary

Back 2

Located in the Brain

- Antidiuretic Hormone / Vasopressin (decrease water in urine)

- Oxytocin (bonding, feel good)

Front 3

Thyroid

Back 3

Located in the Neck

- Thyroxine (T3/T4)

(Supports metabolic rate, stimulated by TSH)

Front 4

Parathyroid

Back 4

Located in the Thyroid, Neck

- Parathyroid Hormone

(increases blood calcium levels)

Front 5

Adrenal Cortex (outer)

Back 5

Located on top of the Kidneys - "ACT"

- Aldosterone (water re-absorption)

- Cortisol (stress - stimulated by ACTH)

- Sex Hormones (Testosterone)

Front 6

Adrenal Medulla (inner)

Back 6

Located on top of the Kidneys

- Epinephrine (adrenaline)

- Norepinephrine (non-adrenaline)

Front 7

Pancreatic Islets

Back 7

"Islands" within the Pancreas

- Insulin (lowers blood sugar levels)

- Glucagon (raises blood sugar levels)

"Glucose gone, need sugar"

Front 8

Pineal

Back 8

Located in the Brain

- Melatonin (supports circadian rhythms)

Front 9

Thymus

Back 9

Located behind the Sternum

- Thymosin (development of T-cells)

Front 10

Testes

Back 10

Located in the Scrotal Sack

- Testosterone (male development - stimulated by FSH/LH)

Front 11

Ovaries

Back 11

Located in the Lower Abdomen

- Estrogens (female development, stimulated by FSH/LH)

- Progesterone (pro-gestation, supports pregnancy, stimulated by FSH/LH)

Front 12

endocrino-

Back 12

Endocrine glands or system

Front 13

Endocrinopathy

Back 13

Any disease or disorder of the endocrine system

Front 14

Pituitar-

Back 14

Pituitary gland

Front 15

Pituitarism

Back 15

Condition caused by pituitary disorder

Front 16

Hypophys-

Back 16

Pituitary gland

Front 17

Thyro-

Back 17

Thyroid

Front 18

Thyrolytic

Back 18

Destroys the thyroid (when hyper)

Front 19

Parathyro-

Back 19

Parathyroid

Front 20

Hyperparathyroidism

Back 20

Over activity of the thyroid

Front 21

Adreno-

Back 21

Adrenal gland or epinephrine

Front 22

Adrenergic

Back 22

Activated by or related to epinephrine

Front 23

Adrenocortico-

Back 23

Adrenal cortex

Front 24

Adrenocorticotropic

Back 24

Acts on or stimulates adrenal cortex

Front 25

Insulo-

Back 25

Pancreatic islets

Front 26

Insular

Back 26

Pertaining to the islet cells

Front 27

Endocrine

Back 27

Pertaining to hormonal system and its' glands

Front 28

Hormone

Back 28

Secretion of an endocrine gland that travels in the blood and changes physiology

Front 29

Receptor

Back 29

Site on (or within) a cell membrane to which a substance (hormones) acts upon and creates response

Front 30

Steroid hormone

Back 30

Hormone made from cholesterol made by the adrenal cortex

Front 31

Target tissue

Back 31

Specific tissue that a hormone acts upon

Front 32

Hyophysial

Back 32

Pertaining to the pituitary

Front 33

2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Back 33

Sympathetic - fight or flight

Parasympathetic - rest & digest

Front 34

Hemiplegia

Back 34

Paralysis of one side of the body

Front 35

Paraplegia

Back 35

Paralysis of lower half of body

Front 36

White matter

Back 36

Due to myelinated neurons

Front 37

Grey matter

Back 37

Concentration of neuronal cell bodies, non-myelinated

Front 38

Pyelonephritis

Back 38

Kidney inflammation

Front 39

Glomerulonephritis

Back 39

Inflammation of the glomeruli (primary location where blood is filtered by the kidneys)

Front 40

Neuron

Back 40

Basic unit of the nervous system, essentially a nerve

Front 41

Nephrons

Back 41

Functional sub-unit of the Kidneys - reabsorbs fluids and concentrates the blood

Front 42

Alveoli

Back 42

Tiny air sacks in the lungs where gas exchange occurs - oxygen in, CO2 out

Front 43

Gametes

Back 43

Mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism

Front 44

Dysmenorrhea

Back 44

Painful menstrual flow

Front 45

Oligomenorrhea

Back 45

Scanty menstrual flow

Front 46

Menorrhagia

Back 46

Excessive menstrual bleeding during a normal menstrual cycle

Front 47

Metrorrhagia

Back 47

Excessive menstrual bleeding in between normal cycle

Front 48

Estrogen

Back 48

Primary female sex hormone (estrogen, estradiol, estriol)

Front 49

Progesterone

Back 49

Hormone for gestation. Produced by the corpus luteum and placenta.

Maintains the endometrium for pregnancy. Remains at high level during pregnancy.

Front 50

Testosterone

Back 50

Primary sex hormone for males. Precursor for estrogen.

Front 51

Transgender

Back 51

Those whose sense of gender identity and/or gender expression differs from social expectations for the physical sex they were born with

Front 52

Genderqueer (or Non-binary gender)

Back 52

Those who redefine or play with gender or refuse sex binaries or gender all together

Front 53

Transexual

Back 53

Out-dated term

Front 54

Transgender man

Back 54

Assigned female at birth - identifies male, often preferring "he" or "him" as pronouns

Front 55

Transgender female

Back 55

Assigned male at birth, identifies female, often preferring "she" or "her" pronouns

Front 56

Sexual orientation

Back 56

An individual's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted

Front 57

Intersex

Back 57

People who are born with physical features that are uncommon e.g. micro-penis, one ovary, enlarged clitoris, etc.

Front 58

Gender Identity

Back 58

The gender that one sees oneself as, refusing to label oneself as a specific gender

Front 59

Arrhythmia

Back 59

Irregular heart beat

Front 60

Bradycardia

Back 60

Slow heartbeat (less than 60 BPM)

Front 61

Tachycardia

Back 61

Fast heart beat (greater than 100 BPM)

Front 62

Thrombus

Back 62

Blood clot

Front 63

Embolus

Back 63

Mass carried in blood circulation

Front 64

Embolism

Back 64

An obstruction of a vessel by blood clot or other matter that has moved through circulation

Front 65

Thrombosis

Back 65

Development of blood clots within a blood vessel

Front 66

Arteriosclerosis

Back 66

Hardening of the arteries

Front 67

Atherosclerosis

Back 67

Deposition of fatty plaques in the walls of the arteries

Front 68

Pneumothorax

Back 68

Presence of air in the thorax

Front 69

Hemothorax

Back 69

Presence of blood in the lungs

Front 70

Empyema

Back 70

Presence of pus in the lungs, can lead to partial lung collapse

Front 71

Cyanosis

Back 71

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia (decrease in oxygen levels)

Front 72

Erythema

Back 72

Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries.

Front 73

Tendon

Back 73

Attaches muscle to bone

Front 74

Ligament

Back 74

Attaches bone to bone

Front 75

Endoscopy

Back 75

Use of fiberoptic endoscope for direct visual examination of upper GI (esophagus to duodenum)

Front 76

Colonoscopy

Back 76

Use of fiberoptic colonoscope for direct examination of the lower GI (colon, rectum)

Front 77

Pronation

Back 77

Turning downward

Front 78

Supination

Back 78

Turning upward

Front 79

Eversion

Back 79

Turning outward

Front 80

Inversion

Back 80

Turning inward

Front 81

ABduction

Back 81

Movement away from the midline

Front 82

ADduction

Back 82

Movement toward the midline

Front 83

Anterior

Back 83

Towards front of the body

Front 84

Ventral

Back 84

Towards front of the body (belly)

Front 85

Posterior

Back 85

Towards back of the body

Front 86

Dorsal

Back 86

Towards the back of the body

Front 87

Superior

Back 87

Above or higher

Front 88

Cranial

Back 88

Towards the head

Front 89

Cephalad

Back 89

Towards the head

Front 90

Inferior

Back 90

Below or lower

Front 91

Caudal

Back 91

Towards end of spine or tail, in the inferior direction

Front 92

RUQ

Back 92

Right Upper Quadrant

Front 93

LUQ

Back 93

Left Upper Quadrant

Front 94

RLQ

Back 94

Right Lower Quadrant

Front 95

LLQ

Back 95

Left Lower Quadrant

Front 96

Hyper-

Back 96

Excess or above

Front 97

Hypo-

Back 97

Beneath or below

Front 98

Oligo-

Back 98

Few or scanty

Front 99

Pan-

Back 99

All over or everything

Front 100

Super-

Back 100

Above or over

Front 101

Anatomic position

Back 101

Erect position of body with face directed forward, arms at side, and palms facing forward

Front 102

Plantarflexion

Back 102

Movement of foot in which the foot or toes flex downward toward the sole

Front 103

Dorsiflexion

Back 103

Backward flexion (bending) of the hand or foot

Front 104

Nevus

Back 104

Mole or birthmark

Front 105

Keloid

Back 105

Raised or thickened scar tissue while scar is forming

Front 106

Bacteremia

Back 106

Bacteria in the blood

Front 107

Sepsis

Back 107

Caused by bacteremia

Front 108

Aphasia

Back 108

Difficulty finding words (neurological)

Front 109

Dysphonia

Back 109

Difficulty speaking (mechanical)

Front 110

Dysphagia

Back 110

Difficulty swallowing

Front 111

-megaly

Back 111

Suffix denoting enlargement of a (specified) body part: cardiomegaly, dactylomegaly, gastromegaly

Front 112

Mega-

Back 112

Prefix that means abnormally large e.g. megacolon

Front 113

Hepato-

Back 113

Liver

Front 114

Spleno-

Back 114

Spleen

Front 115

Renal-

Back 115

Kidney

Front 116

Pulmono-

Back 116

Lung

Front 117

Cardia-

Back 117

Heart

Front 118

Chole-

Back 118

Gall Bladder

Front 119

Cysto-

Back 119

Urinary Bladder

Front 120

Gastro-

Back 120

Stomach

Front 121

Brady-

Back 121

Too slow

Front 122

Tachy-

Back 122

Too fast

Front 123

Pruritis

Back 123

Severe itching of the skin

Front 124

Gyri

Back 124

Elevated portions of the brain

Front 125

Sulci

Back 125

Shallow troughs of the brain

Front 126

Murmur

Back 126

Abnormal heart sounds (valve regurgitation)

Front 127

Sphygmomanometer

Back 127

Instrument for measuring blood pressure

Front 128

Auscultation

Back 128

Action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope

Front 129

Stethoscope

Back 129

Instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing

Front 130

Atrophy

Back 130

Waste away, typically due to the degeneration of cells

Front 131

Hemoglobin

Back 131

The oxygen-carrying pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells

Front 132

Emetics

Back 132

Medicine or other substance that causes vomiting

Front 133

Small Intestine structures

Back 133

"Dow Jones Industrial"

- Duodenum

- Jejenum

- Ileum

Where most of digestion and absorption happens

Front 134

Cecum

Back 134

Opening of the Large Intestine

Front 135

Colon

Back 135

Largest part of the Large Intestine

Front 136

Sigmoid

Back 136

S-shaped portion of the Colon

Front 137

Rectum

Back 137

Distal portion of the Large Intestine that stores feces until defecation

Front 138

Anus

Back 138

Distal opening of the digestive tract

Front 139

Patellar

Back 139

Knee cap

Front 140

Popliteal

Back 140

Behind the knee

Front 141

Axillary

Back 141

Armpit

Front 142

Inguinal

Back 142

Of the groin

Front 143

SOAP

Back 143

Subjective Objective Assessment & Plan

Front 144

CC

Back 144

Chief Complaint

Front 145

Hx

Back 145

History

Front 146

Rx

Back 146

Prescription

Front 147

Sx

Back 147

Symptom

Front 148

Tx

Back 148

Treatment

Front 149

Dx

Back 149

Diagnosis

Front 150

PO

Back 150

Per Orum, by mouth

Front 151

QD

Back 151

Once Daily (Quaque Die)

Front 152

QID

Back 152

Four Times Daily (Quartre In Die)

Front 153

BID

Back 153

Twice per day (Bis In Die)

Front 154

TID

Back 154

Three times a day (Ter In Die)

Front 155

R/O

Back 155

Rule out (a need to rule out, keep an eye on)

Front 156

g

Back 156

Grams

Front 157

y/o

Back 157

Years Old

Front 158

WNL

Back 158

Within Normal Limits

Front 159

ADL

Back 159

Activities of Daily Living

Front 160

BP

Back 160

Blood Pressure

Front 161

HTN

Back 161

Hypertension

Front 162

NKDA

Back 162

No Known Drug Allergies

Front 163

Lymphedema

Back 163

Condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system

Front 164

Lith-

Back 164

Root that indicates a stone

Cholelithiasis (Gall stones)

Renal Lithiasis, Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stones)

Front 165

Quadriplegia

Back 165

Paralysis of all 4 limbs

Front 166

Ventricles (nervous system)

Back 166

Small cavities in the brain in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed

Front 167

Hypothalmus

Back 167

Below the thalmus, controls the pituitary gland

Front 168

Meninges

Back 168

3 membranes that cover brain and spinal cord - "PAD"

Pia Mater (most inner)

Arachnoid Mater

Dura mater (strongest)

Front 169

Pharynx

Back 169

Swallows food via reflex action

Front 170

Esophagus

Back 170

Moves food into the stomach via peristalsis (muscle waves to move things along)

Front 171

Pancreas

Back 171

Makes many digestive enzymes

Front 172

Phrenic nerve

Back 172

Nerve that activates the diaphragm

Front 173

Epiglottis

Back 173

Prevents breathing in of food - cartilage that covers the larynx

Front 174

Bulborethral (Cowper) Gland

Back 174

Secretes lubrication substance for the urethra

Front 175

Myocardium

Back 175

Heart muscle

Front 176

Atria

Back 176

Upper chambers of the Heart

Front 177

Ventricles (Heart)

Back 177

Lower chambers of the Heart

Front 178

Vena cava

Back 178

Largest veins connecting to the right atria

Front 179

Artery

Back 179

Carries blood away from the heart (arteriole - small arteries)

Front 180

Vein

Back 180

Carries blood to the Heart (venule - small veins)

Front 181

Integumentary

Back 181

Pertaining to the skin, glands, hair and nails