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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the JFACC do?
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Exploits the capabilities of joint air operations.
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JAOP
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Joint Air Ops Plan
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JFACC
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Joint Force Air Component Commander appointed by JFC
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JFACC responsibilities
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preponderance of air assets and ability to efect plan, task and control joint air ops
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Where does the JFACC get their forces?
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AF, Navy, marines and Army
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ACA
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Airspace Control Authority
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AADC
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Area Air Defense Commander
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#1 JFACC responsibility
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develop strategy and plan
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What other resp does JFACC normally pick up
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ACA, AADC
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Apportionment
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distribution or allotment in proper shares
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Allocation
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To set apart for a special purpose; designate
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Component air capabilities/forces
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those air capabilities/forces organic to a component that are used by the component to accomplish its assigned mission
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JFACC is responsible
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planning, coordinating, and monitoring joint air operations, and allocation/tasking of joint air ops forces based on JFC’s CONOPS & air apportionment decision
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joint force commander (JFC)
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may retain C2 of joint air operations and use the joint force staff, with appropriate augmentation from air capable components, to plan and execute on the JFC’s behalf
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The JFC may also organize and conduct
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air operations through the Service component commanders
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JAOP
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is the JFACC’s plan for integrating and coordinating joint air operations.
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Joint Air Operations Center (JAOC) = S-C-C-I-A
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Strategy – Combat Plans – Combat Ops – ISR – Air Mobility
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JOC
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Where the JFC operates
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Under JFC staff option
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the JOC also functions as the JAOC
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Joint Air Estimate Process
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six-phase process similar to other joint estimate models that culminates with the production of the JAOP
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Divisions of JAOC
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strategy, combat plans, combat ops, isr, air mobility
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Liasons
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AAMDC: Army Air and Missile Def Command
NALE: Naval and Amphibious Liaison Element AFLE: AF Liaison Element SOLE: Special Ops Liaison Element BCD: Battlefield Coordination Detachment MARLO: Marine Liaison Officer USTRANSCOM |
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JATC
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Joint Air Tasking Cycle-used to provide for the efficient and effective employment of the joint air capabilities/forces made available
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ATO cycles
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72 hour cycle, of which 24 hours is execution
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air targeting cycle
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a systematic process that matches available capabilities/forces with targets to achieve operational objectives
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three ATOs
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ATO currently being executed.
ATO being developed/produced. ATO in planning |
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JTCB
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Joint Targeting Coordination Board
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JFC Component Coord
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JFC guidance and obj ident targeting priorities
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Target Development
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target nominations
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weaponeering/allocation
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match weapons to target to accomplish desired results
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ATO production
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SPINS and ACO finalized
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Force Execution
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JFACC can retarget to adjust to changing targets/priorities
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Combat Assessment
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performed at all levels
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Joint Targeting Cycle
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CTCCMC-Commander's obj, Target DVNP, Cap Anal-Cdr's DeCFA-MPFE-CA
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TACS
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Theater Air Control System
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AOC
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provides operational-level C2 of air and space forces as the focal point for planning, directing, and assessing air and space operations
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AOC organization
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AOC Director, five divisions (Strategy; Combat Plans; Combat Operations; Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance; and Air Mobility), and multiple support/specialty teams
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Strategy division
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long range planning
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combat plans
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conduct near term planning, produce/distribute ATO, SPINS and ACO
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MAAP
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Master Air Attack Plan
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Combat Ops
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executes current ATO
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ISR
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monitor and assess enemy capabilities
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AMD
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plans, coordinates and tasks air mobility missions
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Componenets of TAGS
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Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Theater
Air Ground System |
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Funcitons most commonly assoc with TAGS
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couterair, counterland, countersea, and counter-information
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counterair
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oca, dca
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counterland
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destruction and neutral of enemy forces
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air interdiction
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destroy military's ability before it can be implemented
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CAS
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supporting forces on the ground
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countersea
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exten of AF functions into sea environ
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counterinformation
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seeks to establish information superiority through control of the information realm
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OCI
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take control of the info environ
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DCI
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protect our systems
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JATC
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Joint Air Tasking Cycle
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JAOP
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Joint Air and Space Ops Plan
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ACO
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Airspace Control Order
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JAOP products
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SMALC-Situation-Miss Analy-Air Ops-Log-C2
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JAOP does
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harmonizes the various air a space power functions
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5 paragraphs of JAOP
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SMALC
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JAOP situation
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situation and related OPLAN/CONPLAN
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JAOP mission
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JTF purpose and relationship to achieving JFC objectives
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JAOP Air Ops
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Intent of planning process, should be clear and concise
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JAOP Logistics
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Brief, broad statement of the SUSTAINMENT CONCEPT, logistic phases must be consistent with op phases
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JAOP C2
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Comm, COMAFFOR vs. JFACC, Admin vs warfighther; OPCON vs TACON
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AOD purpose
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first document produced with ATC, provides direction to rest of AOC at they work ATC
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JTL
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Joint Target List
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Targen Nomination list
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targets nominated for inclution on the JIPTL
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NSL
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No-strike list-may violate LOAC
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RTL
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Restricted target list
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TNL
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Targe Nomination List
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JTCB
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Joint Target Coordination Board-Reviews targeting info and refintes the drapt JIPTL, macro lever view, ensures IO consideration
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JIPTL
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Joint Integrated Prioritized Target List
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Approved targets
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are weaponeered
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MAAP
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Master Air Attack Plan-a graphic depiction of capability required for a given period; the plan of employment that forms the foundation of the ATO
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JGAT
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links targets to be attacked by aviation assets to commander's guidance
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Purpose of a MAAP
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air apportionment recommendation and prioritized target list
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Purpose of joint targeting process
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to provide the commander with a methodology linking objectives with effents throughout battlespace
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Target categories
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Planned and Immediate
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Planned targets
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scheduled and on-call targets
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Immediate targets
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unplanned immediate, unanticipated immediate
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TST's
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may be planned or immediate
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Target Development
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produce from the approved targets a TNL that ident those elemenst within an adversary's power base
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Phases of Joint Targeting Cycle
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CTCCMC- CC's Obj G I-Target DV N P-Cap Anal-CC's Dec F A-MPFE-CA
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JTC Phase I
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Commander’s Objectives, Guidance, and Intent-Identification of COG’s & Decisive Points is essential in achieving the CC’s objectives
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JTC Phase II
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Target Development, Validation, Nomination, and Prioritization-JFC’s objectives are normally directed against adversary capabilities
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Phase III
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Capabilities Analysis-The critical element of the cycle IS TO LINK anticipated effects to the JFC’s objectives
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Phase IV
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Commander’s Decision and Force Assignment-TNL's and associated forces are vetted
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Phase V
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Mission Planning and Force Execution
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Phase VI
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Combat Assessment-The end product of CA at the operational and/or strategic level is a campaign assessment that is incorporated into strategy and guidance development.
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Deliberate targeting
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prosecutes planned targets
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Dynamic targeting
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prosecutes targets of opportunity and changes to planned targets or objectives
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combat operations division
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has overall responsibility for implementation of dynamic targeting
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Selection of the best TST asset begins
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during the capabilities analysis and tasking phase
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high payoff targets
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Targets that are considered crucial for success of friendly component commanders’ missions, but are not CFC-approved TSTs—for sake of convenience
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Targeting
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the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them, taking account of operational requirements and capabilities
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“3 d’s” of effects-based operations
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disruption, distribution, duration
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For every target
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the 3 D’s of effects-based targeting: the level of disruption, the distribution and the duration of the effect, will help guide the measures of merit for a target
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Measures of Effectiveness
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tools used to measure results achieved in the overall mission and execution of assigned tasks
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four broad categories of EFFECTS
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DIRECT – INDIRECT – INTENDED - UNINTENDED
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Effects Based Targeting
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Target to achieve a desired effect
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Direct effects
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immediate, first order consequences/results of an action unaltered by intervening events or mechanisms
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Indirect effects
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are generally hard to recognize, usually displaced, and frequently highlighted by intermediate events.
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distinct characteristics of effects
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cumulative, cascading, and collateral
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Cumulative effects
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aggregate result of many direct or indirect effects
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Cascading effects
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indirect effect[s] that ripple through an adversary system
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Collateral effects
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consequences that result when something occurs other than what was originally intended
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Physical effects
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by the direct impact, through physical alteration, on an object or system targeted by the application of military resources
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Functional effects
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the direct or indirect effects of a military action, attack, or operation on the ability of a particular target/object to function properly
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Systemic effects
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the direct or indirect effects of a military action, attack, or operation on the ability of a particular target/object to function properly
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Systemic effects
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ndirect effects aimed at affecting or disrupting the operation of a specific system or set of systems
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Psychological effects
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the results of actions that influence motives, emotions, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals
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EBP
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Effects-Based Planning
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EBP methodology
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Fundamentally, EBP is about integrating all instruments of power (i.e., DIME) actions “within the battlespace in time, space, and purpose to create the desired effects to achieve the Joint Force Commander’s (JFC) objectives.
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SoSA
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identify actions that, when executed against specified key nodes, should achieve the desired effects
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EBE
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Effects-Based Execution-Understanding the capabilities and constraints of DIME instruments of powers and effectively integrating them during EBP results in the effective integration and utilization of DIME during EBE.
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EBA
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Effects-based assessment is essential because it “defines the measures of campaign success.”
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An EBA improves current combat assessment in two ways
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by using measures of performance (MOP) and measures of effectiveness (MOE) to assess task accomplishment and effects attainment respectively; and by periodically performing overall campaign assessments.
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effects-based operations methodology
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It provides a framework to maximize the power and effectiveness of America’s instruments of national power through collaborative planning and synchronized execution.
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EFFECTS-BASED OPERATIONS are
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actions that change the state of a system to achieve directed policy aims using the integrated application of the diplomatic, informational, military, and economic (DIME) instruments of national power
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States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM) defines EBO as
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operations that are planned, executed, assessed, and adapted based on a HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING of the operational environment in order to influence or change system behavior or capabilities using the integrated application of selected instruments of power to achieve directed policy aims.
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The OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT is
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the composite of elements, conditions and influences that affect the employment of resources and capabilities and that bear on the decisions of the commander
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effective targeting is distinguished by the ability to
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identify the targeting options, both lethal and non-lethal, to achieve the desired effects that will support the commander’s objectives.
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Understanding the adversary’s operational objectives, intentions and decision cycle, expectations, and needs through observations and analysis enable
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use of varied joint and multinational means to produce effects against the enemy’s critical vulnerabilities.
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Different levels of effect
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Strategic, Operational, Tactical
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EBO processes
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planning, exection and assessment. Plus, theis concept was based on a system-of-systems view of the battlespace
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Closed systems
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are less complex and normally composed of non-organic elements
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open systems
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are comprised of living organisms—some of which can change dynamically into an infinite combination of organizational and functional arrangements
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JFCs deal with
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“open systems” that have been “bounded” through the application of operational art and design.
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A SYSTEM is
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any complex set of elements (nodes) that are interconnected (via links) with one another and has a clearly defined boundary.
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A system’s variables
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things about a system that change; the things that can be acted upon to influence the system—include the nodes that make up the system and the links by which those nodes interact with one another.
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System-of-systems Analysis (SoSA)
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SoSA attempts to identify, analyze, and relate the goals and objectives, organization, dependencies and inter-dependencies, external influences, strengths, vulnerabilities, and other aspects of the various systems.
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ONA
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Operational Net Assessment
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ONA
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The integration of people, processes, and tools that use multiple information sources and collaborative analysis to build shared knowledge of the ADVERSARY, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND OURSELVES
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initial “baseline” ONA effort
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is to develop a system-of-systems analysis
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The ONA process
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is a framework for collecting and analyzing information related to the commander’s battlespace
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ONA PRODUCTS are
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based on a SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS analysis and understanding of key relationships, dependencies, strengths, and vulnerabilities within and between the adversary’s PMESII elements.
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AIR INTELLIGENCE evaluates
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the adversary as a ‘system of systems’ to predict likely effects on key adversary capabilities when action is taken against them to meet military objectives
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Joint intelligence preparation of the battlespace (JIPB) contributes
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to the JFCs' situational awareness of the OE
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From a joint doctrine perspective, JIPB and SoSA
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should NOT be separate and distinct processes
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A systems perspective can
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enhance the JFC's situational understanding
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JFCs and their joint staffs are better able to separate "the important" from "the unimportant" because
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they understand the battlespace they are about to enter
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Gaining a sufficient systems perspective may
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take more time and consume more resources up-front, but ensuing planning, execution, and assessment should yield greater effectiveness and efficiency throughout the remainder of the operation.
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Information operations
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A key goal of IO is to achieve and maintain INFORMATION SUPERIORITY for the US and its allies. Information superiority provides the joint force a competitive advantage only when it is effectively translated into superior decisions.
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INFORMATION WARFARE: Defend - Attack
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Information operations conducted to defend one’s own information and information systems, or to attack and affect an adversary’s information and information systems
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INFORMATION-IN-WARFARE: Gain - Exploit
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-Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
-Precision Navigation and Positioning -Public Affairs Ops -Weather Services |
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PNP
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Precision Navigation and Positioning
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IO are described as
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the integrated employment of electronic warfare (EW), computer network operations (CNO), psychological operations (PSYOP), military deception (MILDEC), and operations security (OPSEC), in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making while protecting our own.
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All IO capabilities
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may be employed in both offensive and defensive operations
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The three IO capabilities
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influence operations, electronic warfare operations, and network warfare operations
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The military capabilities of influence operations are
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psychological operations (PSYOP), military deception (MILDEC), operations security (OPSEC), counterintelligence (CI) operations, counterpropaganda operations and public affairs (PA) operations
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INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
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the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on inform- ation. The actors include leaders, decision makers, individuals, and organizations.
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The information environment is made up of
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three interrelated dimensions: physical, informational, and cognitive
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The Cognitive Dimension
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It is the most important of the three dimensions
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Of the five core IO capabilities
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PSYOP, OPSEC, and MILDEC have played a major part in military operations for many centuries. In this modern age, they have been joined first by EW and most recently by CNO
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The ultimate STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE OF IO
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to deter a potential or actual adversary or other TA from taking actions that threaten US national interests
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Targeting
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The purpose of targeting is to achieve specific desired effects at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war
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