Acp Random Cards

Front 1

Causes of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (8)

Back 1

-Severe COPD
-Hypoxia
-Acute Coronary Syndrome
-Digoxin Toxicity
-Rheumatic Heart Disease
-Theophyline Toxicty
-Electrolyte Embalanaces

Front 2

Nonmodifiable Cardiac Risk Factors (4)

Back 2

-Heredity
-Race
-Gender
-Age

Front 3

Modifiable Cardiac Risk Factors (7)

Back 3

-High BP
-Elevated Serum Cholesterol Levels
-Tobacco Use
-Diabetes
-Physical inactivity
-Obesity
-Metabolic syndrome

Front 4

Contributing Cardiac Risk Factors (4)

Back 4

-Stress
-Inflammatory markers
-Psychosocial factors
-Alcohol intake

Front 5

Patch-4-MD

Back 5

-Pulmonary Embolism
-Acidosis
-Tension Pneumothorax
-Cardiac tamponade
-Hypovolemia
-Hypoxia
-Heat/Cold (hypo/hyperthermia)
-Hypo/Hyperkalemia (and other electrolytes)
-Myocardial infarction
-Drug Overdose/accidents

Front 6

Five H's and 5 T's

Back 6

-Hypovolemia
-Hypoxia
-Hypothermia
-Hypo/Hyperkalemia
-Hydrogen Ion (acidosis)
-Tamponade, Cardiac
-Tension Pneumothorax
-Thrombosis: lungs (massive P.E.)
-Thrombosis: Heart (actue coroary syndrome)
-Tablets/toxins: drug overdose

Front 7

Upper Airway

Back 7

-outside chest cavity--nose, nasal cavitities, pharynx, and larynx (warm, filter, humidify, protect lower airway surfaces)

Front 8

Lower Airway

Back 8

-organs in chest cavity
-includes trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs
-exchange of o2 and co2

Front 9

Tidal Volume

Back 9

-volume of air in and out of lungs during a normal breath

Front 10

Minute Volume

Back 10

-amount of air moved in and out of lungs in 1 minute (tidal volume X resp rate)
-change in tidal volume or resp rate will change minute volume

Front 11

Right Coronary Artery

Back 11

-RCA from right side of aorta, tavels along grove between Right atrium and right ventricle
-Blockage--inferior wall MI and/or AV nodal conduction disturbance

Front 12

Left Coronary Artery

Back 12

-from left side of aorta
-first part LCA, main left main blood to left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx)
-Blocked septal branch of LAD--Septal MI
-Diagonal branch LAD block--anterior wall MI
-LAD can result pump failure and/or conduction delays
-LCx circles around left side of heart, embedded in epicardium--blocked--Lateral wall MI

Front 13

Properties of Cardiac Cells (4)

Back 13

-automaticity
-Excitability (irritability)
-Conductivity
-Contractility

Front 14

Depolarization of Cardiac Cells

Back 14

-Change in cell membrane Na+ ions rush in thru fast Na+ channels.
-Calcium moves slowly in thru Ca+(2)channels
-inside of cell more positive
-Cell depolarizes, cardiac contraction occurs (innermost layer to outermost layer--endocardium to epicardium)

Front 15

Repolarization of cardiac cells

Back 15

-Fast Na+ channels close
-Ca+(2) channels close and potassium flows out of cell
-Active transport via sodium-potassium pump begins restoring K+ to inside and Na+ to outside
-happens gradually until cell repolarized
-from epicardium to endocardium

Front 16

Lead I--positive, negative, view

Back 16

-positive-Left arm
-negative-right arm
-view-Lateral

Front 17

Lead II--Positive, negative, view

Back 17

-(+)-Left leg
-(-)-Right arm
-view-Inferior

Front 18

Lead III-Positive, negative, view

Back 18

-(+)-left leg
-(-)-Right Arm
-view-Inferior

Front 19

AVR (+), view

Back 19

(+)-Right arm
-none

Front 20

aVL (+), view

Back 20

(+)-left arm
-lateral

Front 21

aVF (+), view

Back 21

(+) left leg
-inferior

Front 22

V1 View
V2 View

Back 22

-Septum
-Septum

Front 23

V3 View
V4 View

Back 23

Anterior
Anterior

Front 24

V5 View
V6 View

Back 24

-Lateral
-Lateral

Front 25

Abnormal Q Wave

Back 25

-Pathologic- more than 0.04 (1 small box) and more than one third the height of the R wave in that lead

Front 26

QRS duration

Back 26

-0.06 to 0.10 (<.10)

Front 27

P Wave (+) in which leads

Back 27

-I
-II
-aVF
-V2 to V6

Front 28

PR interval

Back 28

-0.12 to 0.20

Front 29

QT Interval

Back 29

-0.38

Front 30

T wave

Back 30

-ventricular repolarization
-Upright all leads except aVR, positive or negative Leads III and V1
-inverted suggest myocardial ischemia
-tall, pointed (peaked)=hyperkalemia
-Low amplitude T = hypokalemia

Front 31

Absolute Refractory Period

Back 31

-effective refractory period
-Onset of the QRS to Peak of T wave
-myocardial cells will not respond to further stimulation

Front 32

Relative Refractory Period

Back 32

-vulnerable period
-downslope of T wave
-some cardiac cells have repolarized to their threshold potential and can be stimulated to respond (stronger than normal impulse)

Front 33

Supernormal period

Back 33

-after relative refractory period
-weaker than normal impulse can cause depolarization
-end of T wave, possible for cardiac dysrhythmias to develop during this period.

Front 34

Causes of Sinus Tach

Back 34

-Exercise, hypoxia
-Fever, Pain
-Fear and anxiety
-CHF, Acute MI
-Infection, Sympathetic stimulation
-Shock, dehydration, hypovolemia
-P.E., Hyperthyroidism
-Medications eg:epi, atropine
-Caffenine beverages
-nictoine
-Drugs eg: cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis

Front 35

Causes of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Back 35

-Hypoxia, stress
-Overexertion, Anxiety
-Caffeine, smoking
-Sleep deprivation
-Medications

Front 36

Causes of Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm

Back 36

-Digitalis toxicity
-Cocaine toxicity
-Subarachnoid hemorrhage
-Acute Myocarditis
-Hypertensive Heart disease
-dilated cardiomyopathy

Front 37

Causes of Ventricular Tachycardia

Back 37

-Acute Coronary syndromes
-Cardiomyopathy
-Tricyclic antidepressant overdose
-digitalis toxicity
-Valvular heart disease
-Cocaine abuse
-Mitral Valve prolapse
-Acid-Base Imbalance
-Trauma (myocardial contusion)
-Electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypomanesemia)

Front 38

Endotracheal Medications

Back 38

-Naloxone
-atropine
-Vasopressin
-Epinephrine
-Lidocaine

Front 39

Sympathetic Stimulation Terms

Back 39

-sympathomimetic
-Sympathetic agonist
-Adrenergic
-Adrenergic Agonist

Front 40

Sympathetic Inhibition Terms

Back 40

-Sympatholytic
-Adrenergic blocker
-Sympathetic blocker
-Antiadrenergic
-Sympathetic antagonist

Front 41

Parasympathetic Stimulation Terms

Back 41

-Parasympathomimetic
-Parasympathetic agonist
-Cholinergic
-Cholinergic agonist

Front 42

Parasympathetic Inhibition Terms

Back 42

-Parasympatholytic
-Cholinergic blocker
-Parasympathetic blocker
-Anticholinergic
-Parasympathetic antagonist
-vagolytic

Front 43

Chronotrope

Back 43

Affects the heart rate
-Positive Chronotrope= Increase H.R.
-Negative Chronotrope = decrease H.R.

Front 44

Inotrope

Back 44

A substance that affects myocardial contractility
-Positive inotrope = increase force of contraction
-Negative inotrope = decrease force of contraction

Front 45

Dromotrope

Back 45

affects AV conduction velocity
-Positive dromotrope = increase AV conduction velocity
-Negative Dromotrope = decrease conducation velocity

Front 46

Preload

Back 46

-pressure/volume in the left ventricle at the end of diastole

Front 47

Afterload

Back 47

-pressure or resistance against which the heart must pump

Front 48

agonist

Back 48

-produces predictable response (stimulates action)

Front 49

antagonist

Back 49

-exerts an action opposite to another (blocks action)

Front 50

Medications in Acute Coronary Synromes

Back 50

MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin