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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the ECG rhythms for patients who are in cardiac arrest?
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-Vfib or pulseless VTach
-PEA -Asystole |
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What is pathophysiologically going on in Ventricular fibrillation?
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The heart quivers and cannot pump blood
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What does the rate and QRS complex look like in Vfib?
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rate: 150-500
QRS: unable to determine - unrecognizable |
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What is the rhythm in Vfib?
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Indeterminate; just up and down deflections
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What is the amplitude in Vfib?
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fine: 2-5mm
medium 5-10mm coarse >1015 mm |
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what are the main clinical manifestations of vfib?
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-Pulse disappears
-Collapse/unresponsive -agonal gasps -onset of death |
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Which is more organized; Vfib or PEA?
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PEA
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What is PEA?
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an organized conduction of impulses, but not enough to produce contractions
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What is considered:
narrow QRS wide QRS |
Narrow QRS: <.10 (one box)
Wide QRS: >.12 sec (6 boxes) |
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In the H/T pneumonic for causes of PEA, what are the 6 H's?
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Hypovolemia
Hypoglycemia Hypo/hyperkalemia Hypoxia H+ - acidosis Hypothermia |
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In the H/T pneumonic for causes of PEA, what are the 5 T's?
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-Tension pneumo
-Tamponade cardiac -Thrombosis -Trauma -Toxins |
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What does the asystole ECG look like?
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flat line
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What is the pathophysiology of sinus tachycardia?
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There is none; it's really just a physical sign - fast heart rate
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What is the major EKG feature of atrial flutter?
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Sawtooth
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What is the major EKG feature of atrial fibrillation?
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Irregularly irregular
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What is Ventricular tachycardia a form of?
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AV Dissociation
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So what is typically seen on the ECG for Vtach?
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Only QRS complexes - no p waves
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What does Vtach typically deteriorate into?
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Vfib or pulseless vtach - the heart just can't keep up and cardiac output dramatically drops
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What is the specific cause of torsades de pointes?
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prolonged QT interval
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What is the classic QRS pattern seen in torsades de pointes?
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Spindle-node pattern
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What is the 'spindle' in torsades de pointes created by?
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The regular pattern of increasing then decreasing vtach amplitude
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What is the 'node' in torsades de pointes created by?
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The fact that consecutive spindles will start off on opposite polarity directions
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What rate is considered bradycardia?
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<60
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What is the pathophysiology of First degree AV block?
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Impulse conduction is SLOWED at the AV node
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What is the main ecg feature of First degree AV block?
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Prolonged PR interval (>.20 sec) but FIXED
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What is the other name for second degree type I heart block?
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Mobitz I - Wenckebach
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What is the main ecg feature of 2nd degree Type I heart block?
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Progressive lengthening of the PR interval until one beat drops and a QRS is skipped
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What is the symptomology of first degree and 2nd degree type I heart block?
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Often asymptomatic
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What is the main ecg feature of 2nd degree type 2 heart block?
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Different rates between the atria and ventricals - latter is slower
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