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29 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the ECG rhythms for patients who are in cardiac arrest?
-Vfib or pulseless VTach
-PEA
-Asystole
What is pathophysiologically going on in Ventricular fibrillation?
The heart quivers and cannot pump blood
What does the rate and QRS complex look like in Vfib?
rate: 150-500
QRS: unable to determine - unrecognizable
What is the rhythm in Vfib?
Indeterminate; just up and down deflections
What is the amplitude in Vfib?
fine: 2-5mm
medium 5-10mm
coarse >1015 mm
what are the main clinical manifestations of vfib?
-Pulse disappears
-Collapse/unresponsive
-agonal gasps
-onset of death
Which is more organized; Vfib or PEA?
PEA
What is PEA?
an organized conduction of impulses, but not enough to produce contractions
What is considered:
narrow QRS
wide QRS
Narrow QRS: <.10 (one box)
Wide QRS: >.12 sec (6 boxes)
In the H/T pneumonic for causes of PEA, what are the 6 H's?
Hypovolemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypoxia
H+ - acidosis
Hypothermia
In the H/T pneumonic for causes of PEA, what are the 5 T's?
-Tension pneumo
-Tamponade cardiac
-Thrombosis
-Trauma
-Toxins
What does the asystole ECG look like?
flat line
What is the pathophysiology of sinus tachycardia?
There is none; it's really just a physical sign - fast heart rate
What is the major EKG feature of atrial flutter?
Sawtooth
What is the major EKG feature of atrial fibrillation?
Irregularly irregular
What is Ventricular tachycardia a form of?
AV Dissociation
So what is typically seen on the ECG for Vtach?
Only QRS complexes - no p waves
What does Vtach typically deteriorate into?
Vfib or pulseless vtach - the heart just can't keep up and cardiac output dramatically drops
What is the specific cause of torsades de pointes?
prolonged QT interval
What is the classic QRS pattern seen in torsades de pointes?
Spindle-node pattern
What is the 'spindle' in torsades de pointes created by?
The regular pattern of increasing then decreasing vtach amplitude
What is the 'node' in torsades de pointes created by?
The fact that consecutive spindles will start off on opposite polarity directions
What rate is considered bradycardia?
<60
What is the pathophysiology of First degree AV block?
Impulse conduction is SLOWED at the AV node
What is the main ecg feature of First degree AV block?
Prolonged PR interval (>.20 sec) but FIXED
What is the other name for second degree type I heart block?
Mobitz I - Wenckebach
What is the main ecg feature of 2nd degree Type I heart block?
Progressive lengthening of the PR interval until one beat drops and a QRS is skipped
What is the symptomology of first degree and 2nd degree type I heart block?
Often asymptomatic
What is the main ecg feature of 2nd degree type 2 heart block?
Different rates between the atria and ventricals - latter is slower