Acid Base Balance

Front 1

Acidosis

Back 1

Respiration will increase breathing which will decrease CO2 and decrease H+.

Renal will reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete H+ and ammonia.

Will lead to depression on CNS function

Front 2

Alkalosis

Back 2

Respiration will decrease breathing which will increase CO2 and increase H+.

Renal will reabsorb less bicarbonate and secrete less H+ and ammonia.

Will lead to excitement of CNS function

Front 3

Values: pH range, pCO2 range, HCO3- range

Back 3

pH is from 7.35- 7.45 less than 7.35 is acidosis and 7.45 is alkalosis (45-35 mEq/L) 35 corresponds to 7.45

pCO2 is from 38 mmHG - 45 mmHg. Less than 38 mmHg means that it is hypocapnia.

HCO3- is 24-28 mEq/L

Front 4

Respiratory acidosis

Back 4

Any severe impairment of ventilation or pulmonary diffusion that will lead to CO2 retention. high H+ and High CO2.

Treated by a ventilator (anything that gives proper ventilation.

Front 5

Chronic acidosis causes loss of what from bone hypercalcemia

Back 5

Loss of calcium. If it is treated to rapidly all the calcium will migrate back into bone creating hypocalcemic tetany.

Front 6

Metabolic acidosis

Back 6

Primary problem is the accumulation of H+ so it can be through lactic acid production, organic acid production, reduced tubular H+ secretion, loss of base from stomach, loss of bicarb from colon, ingesting acids like vinegar etc.

The increase in H+ stimulates ventilation so CO2 decreases. What is seen is high H+ but low CO2.

Can be treated with sodium bicarbonate (unless you have respiratory acidosis) otherwise use lactate/citrate instead. Restore perfusion and oxygenation (if caused by shock). Restore glucose and insulin if caused by diabetics.

Front 7

Respiratory alkalosis

Back 7

Mainly caused by hyperventilation which will lead to hallucinations. Aspirin poisoning, over ventilation, or high altitudes. Results in low pCO2. It is self limiting because pCO2 is an automatic depressant. Treatment is usually self correcting. You can breathe into an airbag or be sedated.

Front 8

Metabolic Alkalosis

Back 8

Problem is base excess which can happen through ingestion of base, vomiting of acid, hypersecretion of aldosterone. Hypokalemia, and over correction of acidosis with IV base. Treated by self correction or use of acidic salts (rare occcuring)

Front 9

Look at plasma bicarbonate to determine effects of renal compensation. If pH is lowend of normal range and bicarb is ____ then you have a compensated _____. If pH is highend of normal range and bicarb is ____ then you have a compensated _____.

Back 9

increased, acidosis
decreased, alkalosis