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7 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Arterial Blood Gasses & Values
pH: PaCO2: HCO3: PaO2: |
pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 - 45 HCO3: 22 - 26 PaO2: 80-95 |
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3 Acid Base Regulatory Mechanisms
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-Buffer System (bicarbonate, phosphate, intracellular and plasma proteins). Instant
-Respiratory System (CO2) Minutes - hours -Renal System (HCO3) Hours - days, long-term maintenance. |
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2 Compensatory Mechanisms
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Respiratory - CO2 from lungs affects carbonic acid concentrations.
Metabolic - HCO3 thru kidneys affects base bicarbonate concentrations. |
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Respiratory Acidosis
Causes: Symptoms: |
Hypoventilation r/t overdose, PNU, Pulm. edema, Cardiac arrest, Obesity, Advanced MS, Neuromuscular disease (Guillian Barre).
Low excitability, low BP, low CNS (coma), Hypoventilation Acute: restlessness, confusion, apprehension, headache, vertigo |
Low pH, Low symptoms
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Respiratory Alkalosis
Causes: Symptoms: |
Hyperventilation, Anxiety, Hypoxia, Altitude, Fever, Pregnancy, Initial stage of pulmonary embolus, Over-ventilation, Resp. center alterations r/t septicemia, brain injury, encephalitis, shock
Anxiety, apprehension, Dizziness, H/A, fever, tingling, twitching, diaphoresis, dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitations |
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Metabolic Acidosis
Causes: Symptoms: |
ASA overdose, Ketoacidosis, Starvation, Diarrhea, Renal failure, Sepsis, Shock
Low excitability, Low CNS (coma), Low urine output, Low BP. Kussmaul breathing (compensating), Apathy, Weakness, Bradycardia, Stupor, twitching, convulsions, Fruity breath |
Low pH, low symptoms
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Metabolic Alkalosis
Causes: Symptoms: |
Vomiting, Antacid overuse, Decreased K+, GI suctioning, Diuretics
High excitability, Disorientation, Irritability, Tingling, Convulsions, Severe vomiting, Muscle weakness, flaccidity, Paralytic Ileus, Tachycardia, Arrhythmias, hTN (think low K+) |
Think high excitability, Low K+ symptoms
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