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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What do the letters in SOAP mean?

Subjective


Objective


Assessment


Plan

Observations such as progress made, challenges with program, a description of symptoms or the client's own status report are considered ______in a SOAP report?

Subjective- definition:based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.


Remember it this way: Subjective info is SUBpar to objective info.

Measurements of vital signs, height, weight, age, exercise and nutrition log info are _____in a SOAP report

Objective- definition:not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

Summary of client's status based on subjective and objective observations and measures is called ______in the SOAP report

Assessment

description of the next steps in the program based on assessment in SOAP report

Plan

What is the leading cause of death in the developed world?

CVD

Discomfort or tired in walking is called

claudication

narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood and oxygen is called

CAD (coronary artery disease) aka atherosclerotic heart disease

It is imperative that a client with _____or more risk factors and/or active CAD is evaluated by his/her physician and obtains a physician release prior to starting an exercise program with a personal trainer

2

Restriction of/ inadequate blood supply to the heart is called

ischemia

LOW risk CAD clients:


NO evidence of ischemia


Functional capacity greater than 7 METs 3 weeks following event


Normal ventricular function with ejection fraction greater than 50%


no significant arrhythmias resting at work

Just memorize

Set/rep/frequency scheme for low risk CAD clients

1 set


12-15 reps


8-10 exercises


2 x week




Begin with RPE 9-11


Progress to RPE no greater than 11-14 (on the 6-20 scale)




40-50% HRR or 20-30 bpm over resting...progress to 60-85% of HRR.


Work up to 30 min or more of continuous or interval training. Cardio 3-5 X week

Difficult or labored breathing is aka:

dyspnea

What type of exercise is contraindicated in CVD clients?

Isometric- they can dramatically raise blood pressure

High blood pressure is defined as having systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to ______ or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to _______ mmHg

140/90 OR taking hypertensive medication

Prehypertension is defined as having systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to ______ or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to _______ mmHg

120/80 (untreated)

Regularly performing ______ minutes of exercise per week has consistently been shown to reduce SBP by an average of 2-6 mmHg.

150

Prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals should participate in ____minutes or more of regular exercise at least ____ days each week.


RPE:


HRR:

30 minutes


5 days


RPE 9-13 low intensity


40-65% HRR



TYpe of exercise contraindicated for high blood pressure

Isometric! Raises blood pressure.


Avoid Valsalva method of breath holding for same reason.


Avoid inverted positions.

Excellent resistance training option for hypertensives:

Circuit training utilizing low to moderate resistance and high reps instead of heavy lifting.




Yoga and tai chi also helpful.

________occur when the blood supply to the brain is cut off

Strokes- ischemic (80% of all strokes)

____occur when a blood vessel in the brain bursts

Strokes- hemorragic

Momentary reductions in oxygen delivery to the brain, possibly resulting in sudden dizziness, blackout and/or temporary neurologic dysfunction are called:

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)

True or false:


Clients who are at risk for, or have experienced, a stroke, should follow the same guidelines and recommendations used for CAD and hypertension

TRUE

Appropritae modes of exercise for clients recovering from stroke include:

walking


stationary cycling


recumbent bike


water exercise




balance exercises


light resistance training


Light-moderate intensity


start w/ 3-5 min bouts, grad increase to 30 min


ideally 5 days a week, ok to start w/ 3

Peripheral vascular disease is caused by

atherosclerotic lesions in one or more blood vessels. Patients with PVD are at high risk for CAD...

One of the most common forms of PVD, is characterized by muscular pain caused by ischemia, or lack of blood flow to the muscle- referred to as claudication- discomfort in walking...

PVOD- peripheral vascular occlusive disease.


Graded 1-4 modest pain- unbearable

Exercise of choice for PVD

walking

Describe walking conditioning for client with PVD

Walk to the point of intense pain (grade 2-3) before stopping- this is usually stimulated within 2-6 min of walking). Rest until pain subsides and proceed.Initially 20-30 min, progress to 30-60 min sessions...


moderate intensity RPE 9-13


DAILY. As functional capacity increases can be reduced to 4-5 X week

Contraindications for PVD clients

Exercising in cold air or water due to risk of vasoconstriction

"Bad" cholesterol=

LDL- low density lipoprotein

LDL/HDL levels and total serum cholesterol considered dyslipidemia and a risk factor for CVD:

LDL 130+ (borderline high)


HIGH LDL= 160-189


HDL under 40


Total serum cholesterol over 200




(if HDL is 60+ subtract a CVD risk factor)

True or false:


Exercise and dietary modification are considered to be effective in the management of high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and are particularly effective in elevating low HDL levels

TRUE

True or false: Programming for clients who have abnormal lipid levels, but who are free of other health conditions can be developed utilizing the general age-specific guidelines for physical activity

TRUE.


low-moderate intensity focusing on duration. start 15 min, build to 30-60 min daily, 5x week


Goal of 150-200 min/week




resistance training with light-mod weights in 10-12 rep range 2 x wk

Insulin-dependent diabetes is aka

Type I- autoimmune. Only 5-10% cases. Role of exercise in controlling glucose in type 1 diabetics has not been well demonstrated.

80% of diabetics have this type

Type 2! Formerly known as non-insulin dependent. 90-95% of all diagnosed cases. Typically presents as insulin-resistance.




Initial treatment calls for weight loss, diet modification, exercise!

Exercise session should be delayed or postponed if the pre-exercise blood glucose level in below___mg/dL

100

Exercise should be curtailed if pre-exercise blood glucose is greater than ____mg/dL

300


(or over 250 with ketones)

Contraindicated for exercise in diabetics:

Long-duration and high-intensity exercises that can increase risk of hypoglycemis (long duration) and hyperglycemia (high intensity)

True or false: 80% of type II diabetics are overweight

TRUE

Exercise intensity, frequency, duration for diabetics

moderate intensity RPE 11-14 type 1,


11-16 for type 2




Type 1: work up to 30 min


Type 2: 40-60 min




5-6 days/week




Resistance training 2 x wk 8-12 rep range, 8-10 exercises

________________ is a cluster of conditions that increases a person's risk for developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke

Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by:


abdominal obesity


High LDL, low HDL (atherogenic dyslipidemia)


High blood pressure


insulin resistance


Prothrombotic state (increased risk blood clots)


Proinflammatory state

just read it

Metabolic syndrome is identified as the presence of ____or more of the following:


elevated waist circumference _______


Elevated triglycerides________


reduced HDL__________


High blood pressure_________


High fasting glucose________

3 or more


waist 35"+ in women, 40"+ in men


LDL 150+


HDL men <40 women <50


Blood pressure 130/85+ (CAD risk factor is 140/90)


Fasting glucose 100 mg/dL+



True or false: The vast majority of people with metabolic syndrome are obese and the exercise program should be designed around guidelines for the treatment of overweight and obese clients (BMI 25+/30+)

True

Exercise frequency/intensity/duration...for clients with metabolic syndrome

Low-impact- walk, elliptical, water exercise


RPE 11-13 or 30-75% HRR


Duration first priority.


200-300 min/week..can do in 10-15 min increments throughout day


3-5 days/wk, preferably daily




resistance training 2 x week 8-12 rep range


Encourage a physically active lifestyle- take the steps, etc

True or false: Clients with well-controlled asthma can typically use the exercise guidelines for the general population for cardio and strength training

TRUE. Just do gradual warm-up and cool-down, keep initial intensity low and gradulally increase over time. Warm moist air best.

_________is the second leading cause of death in the US

Cancer

Sample exercise program for cancer patients

Weight bearing exercise like walking is great. Light-mod intensity RPE 9-13. Focus most on duration and consistency, not intensity.




Might start as low as 5-10 min, progress in 10 min bouts, up to 30-40 min




Can be performed daily




Strength 2-3 x wk

a bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean for young adults is known as:

Osteoporosis

Bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the mean is known as:

Osteopenia

Loading cycles of 5-50 impacts per session best (frequent sessions, multiple brief loading separated by a few hrs recovery) for clients with osteopenia/osteoporosis True or false?



true

rep range for increasing bone density?

8 rep max!

True or false: running is recommended for clients with osteoporosis/ osteopenia

False- exclude any jarring, high impact activities such as running

T or F: Focus on duration rather than intensity for arthritic clients

true

T or F: clients with arthritis should be encouraged to put all joints through their full ROM at least once a day to maintain mobility

True

T or F: strength training for clients with arthritis should focus on increasing the number of repetitions rather than increasing weight being lifted

True

True or False: Some arthritic clients may benefit from isometric exercises

True- isometric exercises strengthen the joint structures and surrounding muscle while placing less stress on the joint itself

True or False: Individuals with arthritis should not exercise during periods of inflammation

TRUE

Guidelines for individuals with hip replacement

Lift knee no high than hip level (90 degree flexion)


Toes straight ahead


no adduction past midline


focus on abduction, lateral movement, strengthening

Exercise guidelines for arthritic clients: frequency, intensity...

low intensity, low impact based on comfort level. RPE 9-15


Prolonged and gradual warm up and cool down




10-15 min progressing to 30 min


3-5 x week

Exercise recommendations for clients with fibromyalgia

Avoid prolonged inactivity!


Walking, low-impact elliptical, recumbent bike, warm water exercise, swimming.




Light stretching


resistance bands




low-mod intensity RPE 9-13


Progress to goal of 150 min/wk


REGULAR pattern of 3-5 days/wk

True or false: Instead of helping people with CFS, moderate to vigorous intensity activities can cause an exacerbation in fatigue and other CFS symptoms

True

Exercise guidelines for CFS clients

Create balance, avoid extremes of activity


Exercise in 1:3 ratio!!


Rest three minutes for every 1 minute exercise


Low impact! walking, cycling


light stretching, resistance bands


Multiple 2-5 min periods followed by 6-15 min rest (1:3)


Gradually build to 30 min activity

Low back exercises have the most beneficial effect when performed ____days per week

7!

T or F: Diurnal variation in the fluid level of the intervertebral discs (discs are more hydrated in teh morning after rising from bed) changes the stress on the discs throughout the day. These stresses are highest following bed rest and diminish over subsequent few hours.

TRUE

T or F: it would be very unwise to perform full-range spine motion while under load shortly after rising from bed.

TRUE

Low back exercises should focus on more repetitions of less demanding exercises

True

4 exercises for daily routine f/ enhancing back health:

1) cat-camel- motion, not stretch 5-8 cycles


reduces spine viscosity, flosses nerve roots




2)anterior abdominal exercise such as the modified curl up with towel under low back and bent leg




3) Bird dog no more than 7-8 sec hold, build reps, not length time held




4) side bridge on knees, then sides feet

Sample exercise recommendations for clients with low back pain

walking, stationary bike, swimming


Variety is good. Core stregth, light resistance training and stretching


Light-mod intensity, can progress...




Build to 30-60 min session




3-5 x wk

Overweight and obese individuals should accumulate more than ____minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week, and when possible more than ____min/wk

150


225

weight stability/ maintenance is less than a ___% change in body weight

3

Formula for BMI

weight (kg)/height squared (meters)

Individuals undertaking non-medically supervised weight loss initiatives can be encouraged to reduce energy intake by ___to____ cal/ daily to eleicit a weight loss of about ___to___ lbs per week

500-1000 cals


1-2 lbs/wk

Sample exercise recommendation for weight management:

low-mod intensity, progress as conditioning improves.


Duration is critical- 150-200 min+ per week


5-6 days a week to maximize calorie expenditure




walking, cycling, group class- find something enjoyable to promote consistency

On average there is a ___% reduction in basal metabolic rate between early adulthood and retirement age, and a further ___% decline after that time

10


10

Good exercises for improving balance and coordination in older adults:

tai chi, yoga and pilates

Older adults should perform ____intensity exercise for a minimum of ____minutes ___days each week


or(for relatively few individuals) ______intensity activity for a min of ___minutes, ____days per week

moderate intensity 30 min, 5 x week


or vigorous intensity 20 min 3x week




Moderate = 5-6 on scale 1-10


vigorous = 7 or 8

Older adults should perform resistance training at least ___x per week.


It is recommended that ___to___ exercises be performed using a resistance that allows ___to___ reps

2 x week


8-10 exercises


12-15 rep range

True or false: because of the dose-dependent response relationship between physical activity and health, older persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic disease and disabilities, or prevent unhealthy weight gain will likely benefit from exceeding the minimum recommended amountn of physical activity

TRUE

True or false: to maintain the flexibility necessary for regular physical activity and daily life, older adults shoudl perform activities that help maintain or increase flexibility at least twice each week for at least 10 min a day

True

Sample exercise recommendation for older adults

low impact aerobics, walking, elliptical, cycle, swimming




resistance training low weight, high rep




maintain or improve balance- walking backward, sideways, heel walking, tai chi

clients can gradually increase duration to ___min to___ min per session, exercising at least ___days per week

30-60 min


5 days

Youth should exercise for ____minutes per day

60

youth exercise should be ___to___intensity

moderate to vigorous

Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy

Not at high intensity


not requiring dussen bursts of movement


Activities that encourage extensive jumping, hopping, skipping, bouncing or running


deep knee bends


prolonged exercise in supine position

Women who have been previously active may continue their exercise programs during the first trimester to a maximum of ___to___minutes at a frequency of ___to___days per week as tolerated

30-40 min


3-4 x wk

Women who have not previously been active should begin slowly, with ___min of ___intensity exercise and a gradual increase to ___min

15 min low intensity


gradual increase to 30 min

T or F: Pregnant women shoudl gradually reduce the intensity, duration and frequency of exercise during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters

true

T or F: Goal during initial 6 weeks following delivery is to gradually increase physical activity for relation, personal time and to help regain a sense of control, rather tghan as a means of physical fitness.

True

After the initial 2 mionths following giving birth the goal of exercise is to improve fitness level- T or F

True

Postpartum best exercise:

Start with walking several times a week, begin slowly and gradually