Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do the letters in SOAP mean? |
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan |
|
Observations such as progress made, challenges with program, a description of symptoms or the client's own status report are considered ______in a SOAP report? |
Subjective- definition:based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Remember it this way: Subjective info is SUBpar to objective info. |
|
Measurements of vital signs, height, weight, age, exercise and nutrition log info are _____in a SOAP report |
Objective- definition:not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts. |
|
Summary of client's status based on subjective and objective observations and measures is called ______in the SOAP report |
Assessment |
|
description of the next steps in the program based on assessment in SOAP report |
Plan |
|
What is the leading cause of death in the developed world? |
CVD |
|
Discomfort or tired in walking is called |
claudication |
|
narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood and oxygen is called |
CAD (coronary artery disease) aka atherosclerotic heart disease |
|
It is imperative that a client with _____or more risk factors and/or active CAD is evaluated by his/her physician and obtains a physician release prior to starting an exercise program with a personal trainer |
2 |
|
Restriction of/ inadequate blood supply to the heart is called |
ischemia |
|
LOW risk CAD clients: NO evidence of ischemia Functional capacity greater than 7 METs 3 weeks following event Normal ventricular function with ejection fraction greater than 50% no significant arrhythmias resting at work |
Just memorize |
|
Set/rep/frequency scheme for low risk CAD clients |
1 set 12-15 reps 8-10 exercises 2 x week Begin with RPE 9-11 Progress to RPE no greater than 11-14 (on the 6-20 scale) 40-50% HRR or 20-30 bpm over resting...progress to 60-85% of HRR. Work up to 30 min or more of continuous or interval training. Cardio 3-5 X week |
|
Difficult or labored breathing is aka: |
dyspnea |
|
What type of exercise is contraindicated in CVD clients? |
Isometric- they can dramatically raise blood pressure |
|
High blood pressure is defined as having systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to ______ or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to _______ mmHg |
140/90 OR taking hypertensive medication |
|
Prehypertension is defined as having systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to ______ or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to _______ mmHg
|
120/80 (untreated) |
|
Regularly performing ______ minutes of exercise per week has consistently been shown to reduce SBP by an average of 2-6 mmHg. |
150 |
|
Prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals should participate in ____minutes or more of regular exercise at least ____ days each week. RPE: HRR: |
30 minutes 5 days RPE 9-13 low intensity 40-65% HRR |
|
TYpe of exercise contraindicated for high blood pressure |
Isometric! Raises blood pressure. Avoid Valsalva method of breath holding for same reason. Avoid inverted positions. |
|
Excellent resistance training option for hypertensives: |
Circuit training utilizing low to moderate resistance and high reps instead of heavy lifting. Yoga and tai chi also helpful. |
|
________occur when the blood supply to the brain is cut off |
Strokes- ischemic (80% of all strokes) |
|
____occur when a blood vessel in the brain bursts |
Strokes- hemorragic |
|
Momentary reductions in oxygen delivery to the brain, possibly resulting in sudden dizziness, blackout and/or temporary neurologic dysfunction are called: |
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) |
|
True or false: Clients who are at risk for, or have experienced, a stroke, should follow the same guidelines and recommendations used for CAD and hypertension |
TRUE |
|
Appropritae modes of exercise for clients recovering from stroke include: |
walking stationary cycling recumbent bike water exercise balance exercises light resistance training Light-moderate intensity start w/ 3-5 min bouts, grad increase to 30 min ideally 5 days a week, ok to start w/ 3 |
|
Peripheral vascular disease is caused by |
atherosclerotic lesions in one or more blood vessels. Patients with PVD are at high risk for CAD... |
|
One of the most common forms of PVD, is characterized by muscular pain caused by ischemia, or lack of blood flow to the muscle- referred to as claudication- discomfort in walking... |
PVOD- peripheral vascular occlusive disease. Graded 1-4 modest pain- unbearable |
|
Exercise of choice for PVD |
walking |
|
Describe walking conditioning for client with PVD |
Walk to the point of intense pain (grade 2-3) before stopping- this is usually stimulated within 2-6 min of walking). Rest until pain subsides and proceed.Initially 20-30 min, progress to 30-60 min sessions... moderate intensity RPE 9-13 DAILY. As functional capacity increases can be reduced to 4-5 X week |
|
Contraindications for PVD clients |
Exercising in cold air or water due to risk of vasoconstriction |
|
"Bad" cholesterol= |
LDL- low density lipoprotein |
|
LDL/HDL levels and total serum cholesterol considered dyslipidemia and a risk factor for CVD: |
LDL 130+ (borderline high) HIGH LDL= 160-189 HDL under 40 Total serum cholesterol over 200 (if HDL is 60+ subtract a CVD risk factor) |
|
True or false: Exercise and dietary modification are considered to be effective in the management of high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and are particularly effective in elevating low HDL levels |
TRUE |
|
True or false: Programming for clients who have abnormal lipid levels, but who are free of other health conditions can be developed utilizing the general age-specific guidelines for physical activity |
TRUE. low-moderate intensity focusing on duration. start 15 min, build to 30-60 min daily, 5x week Goal of 150-200 min/week resistance training with light-mod weights in 10-12 rep range 2 x wk |
|
Insulin-dependent diabetes is aka |
Type I- autoimmune. Only 5-10% cases. Role of exercise in controlling glucose in type 1 diabetics has not been well demonstrated. |
|
80% of diabetics have this type |
Type 2! Formerly known as non-insulin dependent. 90-95% of all diagnosed cases. Typically presents as insulin-resistance. Initial treatment calls for weight loss, diet modification, exercise! |
|
Exercise session should be delayed or postponed if the pre-exercise blood glucose level in below___mg/dL |
100 |
|
Exercise should be curtailed if pre-exercise blood glucose is greater than ____mg/dL |
300 (or over 250 with ketones) |
|
Contraindicated for exercise in diabetics: |
Long-duration and high-intensity exercises that can increase risk of hypoglycemis (long duration) and hyperglycemia (high intensity) |
|
True or false: 80% of type II diabetics are overweight |
TRUE |
|
Exercise intensity, frequency, duration for diabetics |
moderate intensity RPE 11-14 type 1, 11-16 for type 2 Type 1: work up to 30 min Type 2: 40-60 min 5-6 days/week Resistance training 2 x wk 8-12 rep range, 8-10 exercises |
|
________________ is a cluster of conditions that increases a person's risk for developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke |
Metabolic syndrome |
|
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by: abdominal obesity High LDL, low HDL (atherogenic dyslipidemia) High blood pressure insulin resistance Prothrombotic state (increased risk blood clots) Proinflammatory state |
just read it |
|
Metabolic syndrome is identified as the presence of ____or more of the following: elevated waist circumference _______ Elevated triglycerides________ reduced HDL__________ High blood pressure_________ High fasting glucose________ |
3 or more waist 35"+ in women, 40"+ in men LDL 150+ HDL men <40 women <50 Blood pressure 130/85+ (CAD risk factor is 140/90) Fasting glucose 100 mg/dL+ |
|
True or false: The vast majority of people with metabolic syndrome are obese and the exercise program should be designed around guidelines for the treatment of overweight and obese clients (BMI 25+/30+) |
True |
|
Exercise frequency/intensity/duration...for clients with metabolic syndrome |
Low-impact- walk, elliptical, water exercise RPE 11-13 or 30-75% HRR Duration first priority. 200-300 min/week..can do in 10-15 min increments throughout day 3-5 days/wk, preferably daily resistance training 2 x week 8-12 rep range Encourage a physically active lifestyle- take the steps, etc |
|
True or false: Clients with well-controlled asthma can typically use the exercise guidelines for the general population for cardio and strength training |
TRUE. Just do gradual warm-up and cool-down, keep initial intensity low and gradulally increase over time. Warm moist air best. |
|
_________is the second leading cause of death in the US |
Cancer |
|
Sample exercise program for cancer patients |
Weight bearing exercise like walking is great. Light-mod intensity RPE 9-13. Focus most on duration and consistency, not intensity. Might start as low as 5-10 min, progress in 10 min bouts, up to 30-40 min Can be performed daily Strength 2-3 x wk |
|
a bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean for young adults is known as: |
Osteoporosis |
|
Bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the mean is known as: |
Osteopenia |
|
Loading cycles of 5-50 impacts per session best (frequent sessions, multiple brief loading separated by a few hrs recovery) for clients with osteopenia/osteoporosis True or false? |
true |
|
rep range for increasing bone density? |
8 rep max! |
|
True or false: running is recommended for clients with osteoporosis/ osteopenia |
False- exclude any jarring, high impact activities such as running |
|
T or F: Focus on duration rather than intensity for arthritic clients |
true |
|
T or F: clients with arthritis should be encouraged to put all joints through their full ROM at least once a day to maintain mobility |
True |
|
T or F: strength training for clients with arthritis should focus on increasing the number of repetitions rather than increasing weight being lifted |
True |
|
True or False: Some arthritic clients may benefit from isometric exercises |
True- isometric exercises strengthen the joint structures and surrounding muscle while placing less stress on the joint itself |
|
True or False: Individuals with arthritis should not exercise during periods of inflammation |
TRUE |
|
Guidelines for individuals with hip replacement |
Lift knee no high than hip level (90 degree flexion) Toes straight ahead no adduction past midline focus on abduction, lateral movement, strengthening |
|
Exercise guidelines for arthritic clients: frequency, intensity... |
low intensity, low impact based on comfort level. RPE 9-15 Prolonged and gradual warm up and cool down 10-15 min progressing to 30 min 3-5 x week |
|
Exercise recommendations for clients with fibromyalgia |
Avoid prolonged inactivity! Walking, low-impact elliptical, recumbent bike, warm water exercise, swimming. Light stretching resistance bands low-mod intensity RPE 9-13 Progress to goal of 150 min/wk REGULAR pattern of 3-5 days/wk |
|
True or false: Instead of helping people with CFS, moderate to vigorous intensity activities can cause an exacerbation in fatigue and other CFS symptoms |
True |
|
Exercise guidelines for CFS clients |
Create balance, avoid extremes of activity Exercise in 1:3 ratio!! Rest three minutes for every 1 minute exercise Low impact! walking, cycling light stretching, resistance bands Multiple 2-5 min periods followed by 6-15 min rest (1:3) Gradually build to 30 min activity |
|
Low back exercises have the most beneficial effect when performed ____days per week |
7! |
|
T or F: Diurnal variation in the fluid level of the intervertebral discs (discs are more hydrated in teh morning after rising from bed) changes the stress on the discs throughout the day. These stresses are highest following bed rest and diminish over subsequent few hours. |
TRUE |
|
T or F: it would be very unwise to perform full-range spine motion while under load shortly after rising from bed. |
TRUE |
|
Low back exercises should focus on more repetitions of less demanding exercises |
True |
|
4 exercises for daily routine f/ enhancing back health: |
1) cat-camel- motion, not stretch 5-8 cycles reduces spine viscosity, flosses nerve roots 2)anterior abdominal exercise such as the modified curl up with towel under low back and bent leg 3) Bird dog no more than 7-8 sec hold, build reps, not length time held 4) side bridge on knees, then sides feet |
|
Sample exercise recommendations for clients with low back pain |
walking, stationary bike, swimming Variety is good. Core stregth, light resistance training and stretching Light-mod intensity, can progress... Build to 30-60 min session 3-5 x wk |
|
Overweight and obese individuals should accumulate more than ____minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week, and when possible more than ____min/wk |
150 225 |
|
weight stability/ maintenance is less than a ___% change in body weight |
3 |
|
Formula for BMI |
weight (kg)/height squared (meters) |
|
Individuals undertaking non-medically supervised weight loss initiatives can be encouraged to reduce energy intake by ___to____ cal/ daily to eleicit a weight loss of about ___to___ lbs per week |
500-1000 cals 1-2 lbs/wk |
|
Sample exercise recommendation for weight management: |
low-mod intensity, progress as conditioning improves. Duration is critical- 150-200 min+ per week 5-6 days a week to maximize calorie expenditure walking, cycling, group class- find something enjoyable to promote consistency |
|
On average there is a ___% reduction in basal metabolic rate between early adulthood and retirement age, and a further ___% decline after that time |
10 10 |
|
Good exercises for improving balance and coordination in older adults: |
tai chi, yoga and pilates |
|
Older adults should perform ____intensity exercise for a minimum of ____minutes ___days each week or(for relatively few individuals) ______intensity activity for a min of ___minutes, ____days per week |
moderate intensity 30 min, 5 x week or vigorous intensity 20 min 3x week Moderate = 5-6 on scale 1-10 vigorous = 7 or 8 |
|
Older adults should perform resistance training at least ___x per week. It is recommended that ___to___ exercises be performed using a resistance that allows ___to___ reps |
2 x week 8-10 exercises 12-15 rep range |
|
True or false: because of the dose-dependent response relationship between physical activity and health, older persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic disease and disabilities, or prevent unhealthy weight gain will likely benefit from exceeding the minimum recommended amountn of physical activity |
TRUE |
|
True or false: to maintain the flexibility necessary for regular physical activity and daily life, older adults shoudl perform activities that help maintain or increase flexibility at least twice each week for at least 10 min a day |
True |
|
Sample exercise recommendation for older adults |
low impact aerobics, walking, elliptical, cycle, swimming resistance training low weight, high rep maintain or improve balance- walking backward, sideways, heel walking, tai chi |
|
clients can gradually increase duration to ___min to___ min per session, exercising at least ___days per week |
30-60 min 5 days |
|
Youth should exercise for ____minutes per day |
60 |
|
youth exercise should be ___to___intensity |
moderate to vigorous |
|
Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy |
Not at high intensity not requiring dussen bursts of movement Activities that encourage extensive jumping, hopping, skipping, bouncing or running deep knee bends prolonged exercise in supine position |
|
Women who have been previously active may continue their exercise programs during the first trimester to a maximum of ___to___minutes at a frequency of ___to___days per week as tolerated |
30-40 min 3-4 x wk |
|
Women who have not previously been active should begin slowly, with ___min of ___intensity exercise and a gradual increase to ___min |
15 min low intensity gradual increase to 30 min |
|
T or F: Pregnant women shoudl gradually reduce the intensity, duration and frequency of exercise during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters |
true |
|
T or F: Goal during initial 6 weeks following delivery is to gradually increase physical activity for relation, personal time and to help regain a sense of control, rather tghan as a means of physical fitness. |
True |
|
After the initial 2 mionths following giving birth the goal of exercise is to improve fitness level- T or F |
True |
|
Postpartum best exercise: |
Start with walking several times a week, begin slowly and gradually |