Ace Airfield Operations Module 2

Front 1

TORA

Back 1

Takeoff run available -

Rwy length declared available and suitable for the ground run for takeoff.

Front 2

TODA

Back 2

Takeoff distance available -

TORA plus remaining rwy or clearway beyond TORA.

*Full length TODA may not be usable due to obstacles in dep. area (depends on a/c performance). Airplane is not necessarily rolling on the ground the whole time.

Front 3

ASDA

Back 3

Accelerate-Stop Distance Available -

Rwy plus stopway available during an aborted takeoff.

Front 4

LDA

Back 4

Landing Distance Available-

Rwy length available for landing airplane.

*LDA often = TORA, except with a displaced threshold. Then LDA is calculated from displacement.

Front 5

TORA = 10,000 ft and there is a stopway and a clearway at the end of the runway.

Stopway = 500 ft

Clearway = 1000 ft

What are the ASDA and TODA values for this rwy?

Back 5

ASDA = 10,500 (TORA + Stopway)

TODA = 11,000 (TORA + Clearway)

*Stopway is located inside the clearway.

Front 6

TORA = 5000 ft

LDA = 4500 ft

Why is there a discrepancy?

Back 6

Because there is a displaced threshold that is 500 feet long. The displaced threshold is not included in the LDA.

Front 7

Both the TORA and the LDA = 12,000 ft. There is a 1000 ft stopway at the end of the runway.

What are TODA and ASDA?

Back 7

TODA = 12,000 ft (TORA + Clearway (but not swy))

ASDA = 13,000 ft (TORA + Stopway)

Front 8

Visual Rwy

Back 8

Rwy without an existing or planned straight-in instrument approach. Approach/landing made solely under VFR.

Front 9

Non- Precision Rwy

Back 9

Rwy with only horizontal, non-precision navigational guidance. Does have an MDA and decision point (DP).

Front 10

Precision Rwy

Back 10

Rwy with both vertical and horizontal approach navigational guidance.

Provided by ILS, PAR, WAAS, or LAAS.

Decision height is lower than non-precision approach and lighting systems have more components.

Front 11

AC 150/5340-1 is for what?

According to the FAA this AC is the only method of complying with the subject and must be used for airports that are or that receive what?

Back 11

Standards for Airport Markings

*Part 139 Certificated airports

*Projects funded with federal grant moneys through AIP or PFC programs.

Front 12

Which surface markings require black border outlines? (4 basic)

Back 12

*All holding position markings (Hold shorts, ILS, Red boxes, intermediate holding positions...)

*Twy CL's on routes designated as SMGCS routes

*Enhanced twy CL markings

*GPM's (pink spots)

Front 13

Which type of rwy requires touchdown zone markings?

Back 13

Only Precision rwys require these.

Front 14

What two markings do all types of rwys always require?

Back 14

Landing designator and a centerline.

Front 15

When must side stripes always be added to all types of rwys?

Back 15

When the full rwy pavement width may not be available for use as a rwy.

*Always req. for Precision rwys.

Front 16

What marking(s) is not required for a precision approach rwy?

Back 16

Trick question. All markings are required for precision rwys.

(Landing designator, centerline, threshold, aiming point, touchdown zone, side stripes)

*This doesn't include extras like blast pads and displaced thresholds.

Front 17

What are the length of rwy centerline stripes and the gaps in btn them?

What are the min. widths of the stripes dependent upon type of rwy?

Back 17

Stripes are always 120 ft long with gaps of 80 ft.

Precision width: 36"

Non Precision width: 18"

Visual width: 12"

Front 18

How far away are the threshold marking stripes from the threshold bar?

What are the std rwy widths and their respective number of stripes requirements?

Back 18

Stripes are 20 ft from threshold bar.

60' = 4 stripes

75' = 6 stripes

100' = 8 stripes

150' = 12 stripes

200' = 16 stripes

Front 19

Runway aiming point markings generally begin _____ ft from the rwy threshold?

Back 19

1020 ft

Front 20

What do the rwy aiming point markings look like and what are their general lengths?

Back 20

Two conspicuous rectangular markings located symmetrically on each side of rwy centerline.

150 ft long for rwys at least 4200 ft

100 ft long for rwys less than 4200 ft

Front 21

Rwy touchdown zone markings identify the tdz along a precision rwy in ____ ft increments.

Back 21

500 ft increments

Front 22

What do chevron markings identify?

Back 22

Blast pads, stopways, and EMAS.

Front 23

What is the recommended minimum length for a stopway and why?

Back 23

150 feet and to allow for at least two full chevron stripes to be visible.

Front 24

These markings prevent aircraft and vehicles from entering into critical areas associated with rwys and navaids as well as control traffic at the intersection of twys.

Back 24

Holding position markings

Front 25

Painting a hold short line far over the twy edgeline is used for what (ADG) groups of airplanes?

Back 25

Used for group V and VI design standards.

Front 26

For part 139 airports, all twys that intersect a rwy must have a surface painted rwy holding position marking and a(n) ______ ______ _______ ______.

Back 26

And an enhanced twy centerline marking (150 ft long)

Front 27

Why are airport operators encouraged to construct standard fillets and paint twy CLs according to cockpit over centerline design?

Back 27

Reduces twy excursions on turns.

Front 28

When must a GPM be collocated with an intermediate holding position marking and clearance bar (3 yellow lights)?

Back 28

When taxi route is designated for use in visibilities below 600 RVR.

Front 29

What is a VOR receiver checkpoint marking used for?

Back 29

So pilots can check their a/c instruments with the VOR signal.

*Marking should not be within 1/2 mile from VOR.

Front 30

Direction signs should not be collocated with what types of signs?

Nor should they be installed btn the holding position marking and the _______.

Back 30

Should not be collocated with holding position signs or boundary signs.

Should not be installed btn holding position sign and the RUNWAY.

Front 31

What do the following destination signs indicate?

1. APRON

2. TERM

3. CIVIL

4. PAX

Back 31

1. APRON -parking, servicing, loading areas

2. TERM - gate positions where a/c are loaded/unloaded

3. CIVIL - areas set aside for civil a/c

4. PAX -areas set aside for passenger handling

Front 32

A one-half distance remaining sign is only used in the take-off direction on _______ rwys less than ______ feet where both end of the runway are not readily _____.

Back 32

UNPAVED

3000 ft

VISIBLE

Front 33

Name the four basic types of airfield lighting?

Back 33

Incandescent - higher lumen output, shorter lifespan

Tungsten halogen - quartz bulb sensitive to temperature variation and lens contamination.

Fluorescent - for internal lighting of signs, only used where low temperatures are not routine.

Light emitting diode (LED) - Longer lamp life, lower power consumption. Do not produce heat for snow melt.

Front 34

LIRL

Back 34

Low intensity runway lights -

Used on visual rwys.

Just white lights.

Front 35

MIRL

Back 35

Medium intensity runway lights -

Visual rwys or non-precision instrument rwys.

Just white lights.

Front 36

HIRL

Back 36

High intensity runway lights -

For precision instrument rwys.

Include a caution zone.

Front 37

MITL

Back 37

Medium intensity taxiway lights -

Installed on twys/aprons where runway lighting systems are installed.

Front 38

What is the Caution Zone?

Back 38

Last 2000 ft of rwy or 1/2 rwy lengths, whichever is less. Yellow lights substituted for white lights in the direction of landing.

Front 39

When are rwy CL lights required?

Back 39

Required for:

CAT II and CAT III rwys

CAT I rwys used for landing blw 2400 ft RVR

Rwys used for t/o ops blw 1600 ft RVR

Front 40

What distance intervals are rwy CL lights installed at?

Back 40

50 ft apart

Front 41

What color(s) are the last 3000 ft portion of rwy CL lighting?

Back 41

Alternating red/white CL lights from 3000 to 1000 ft from rwy end.

Red CL lights on the last 1000 ft.

Front 42

When are stop bars required?

Back 42

For operations blw 600 ft RVR on illuminated twys that provide access to active rwy.

Front 43

What does a rotating beacon for a civil land airport look like?

Back 43

Alternating white and green light at 24-30 flashes/min.

Front 44

Why would an airport beacon be activated during the day?

Back 44

Represents conditions blw those acceptable for VFR flight.

Front 45

Approach lighting systems generally consist of what components? (6)

Back 45

1. Sequence flashing lights (rabbit/rail)

2. Approach lights

3. Crossbar lights

4. Rwy end ID lights (REIL)

5. VASI or

6. PAPI

Front 46

What are sequence flashing lights?

Back 46

A series of five lights that extend past the 1000 ft mark of the appr. lights.

*Commonly referred to as "the rabbit"

*Also considered Rwy alignment indicator lights (RAIL)

Front 47

What are the 7 types of approach lighting systems?

Back 47

ALSF-1: ALS w/ sequence flashers

ALSF-2: Req. for CAT II and III approaches

SSALS: For CAT I appr.

SSALR: SSALS w/ RAILs

MALSR: Med intensity ALS w/ RAILs

MALS: MALSR without RAIL

MALSF: MALS with sequence flashers

Front 48

What are cross bar lights?

Back 48

White series of lights perpendicular on both sides of the primary approach lights.

Used for leveling aircraft's wings and provide visual distance to the rwy.

Front 49

What are ODALS?

Back 49

Omni-directional approach lighting system -

7 omni-directional sequenced strobe lights in rwy approach area +

5 rwy alignment stroble lights along extended rwy CL 300 ft from threshold, 300 ft apart +

1 REIL 40 ft from left/right rwy edges adjacent to rwy threshold.

For non-precision rwys. Required where vis. min. is less than 1 SM with paved rwy > 3200 ft and MIRL.

Front 50

Self inspections must be done in what 3 circumstances/schedules?

Back 50

1. Daily

2. When req. by unusual condition (constr. or WX)

3. Immediately after an accident or incident

Front 51

What are the 13 areas a self-inspection program should focus on?

Back 51

1. Pavement areas

2. Safety areas

3. Markings

4. Signs

5. Lighting

6. NAVAIDs

7. Obstructions

8. Fueling ops

9. Snow and Ice

10. Construction

11. ARFF

12. Public protection

13. Wildlife hazard mgmt.

Front 52

AC presents 4 types of inspections that should be conducted as appropriate, what are they?

Back 52

1. Regularly scheduled inspection - airport inspected at least daily when a/c activity is minimal. Part of this inspection should be at night.

2. Continuous surveillance inspection - Activities/facilities identified to req. this.

3. Periodic condition inspection - regularly scheduled but can be less than daily. (weekly, mon)

4. Special inspection - After complaint or unusual condition/event - wx, accident/incident,before constr. personnel leave for day.

Front 53

What system provides essential information to personnel concerned with flight and airport ops?

Back 53

NOTAM system

Front 54

What is NAS?

Back 54

National Airspace System

Front 55

Referring to NOTAM abbreviations, what is AD?

Back 55

AD is Aerodrome - Applies to any hazard to aircraft ops w/ in 5 SM of an airport, heliport, helipad, and movement areas that aren't specifically rwy, twy, etc.

Front 56

Referring to NOTAM abbreviations, what is U?

Back 56

U is Unverified Aeronautical Information - Conditions that meet NOTAM criteria but that have not been confirmed by the Airport Manager (AMGR).

Front 57

Referring to NOTAM abbreviations, what is PAEW?

Back 57

Personnel and Equipment Working (this is not a keyword, must be used with location)

Front 58

Translate this NOTAM:

!XYZ XYZ RWY 12/30 CLSD WEF 0705041300-0705041700.

Back 58

XYZ accountability location and XYZ is also affected facility...

Runway 12/30 closed effective May 4, 2007, at 1300 hours UTC until May 4, 2007, 1700 hours UTC.

Front 59

Failure to inform others of changes in the airport's conditions can constitute WHAT in a court of law?

Back 59

Negligence.

Front 60

Pavement with a PCN value can support and airplane that has an ACN value _____ __ ____ ____ the pavements PCN value.

Back 60

Equal to or less than.

If ACN value is less than PCN value = no restrictions.

Front 61

What is the Decision Point?

Back 61

The pt. in an approach which a missed approach must be initiated if req. visual reference to continue can not be seen.

Front 62

What is disintegration?

Back 62

Pavement distress involving the breaking up of pavement into small, loose particles.

*Caused by improper curing/finishing of concrete, unsuitable aggregates, and improper mixing.

Front 63

Describe Dynamic hydroplaning.

Back 63

Generally at a high speed, a wave of water builds up in front of a rolling tire, which allows tire to ride on cushion of water and lose contact with the rwy surface.

Front 64

Describe Flexible Pavement

Back 64

Tends to compress under load, laid with no reinforcement.

Supports loads through bearing rather than flexural action.

Front 65

Inner-approach OFZ

Back 65

Airspace portion of OFZ above a surface centered on EXTENDED rwy centerline.

*Rwys with ALS.

Front 66

Inner-transitional OFZ

Back 66

Airspace portion of OFZ above the surfaces on the outer edges of the rwy OFZ and inner-appr. OFZ.

*Rwys with appr. vis. min. lower than 3/4 SM.

Front 67

Does an ILS have to include both the vertical and horizontal precision guidance?

Back 67

Yes.

Front 68

What is LCN?

Back 68

Load Classification Number - Used on pavements with bearing strengths below 12,500 lbs.

Front 69

What is LAAS?

Back 69

Local Area Augmentation System - Based on single GPS reference station facility located on the airport that measure and generate corrected GPS signals.

*Allows non-precision appr. up to CAT I minima.

Front 70

What is PFC?

Back 70

Passenger Facility Charge - Allows collection of fees up to $4.50 for each enplaned pax at comm. airports.

Front 71

How many ground reference stations are positioned across US for WAAS?

Back 71

Aprx. 25 stations for wide area augmentation system.