Absite Review Immunology

Front 1

what are the two major interleukins released by the helper T cells?

Back 1

IL-2 and IL-4

Front 2

what does IL-2 do?

Back 2

stimulates maturation of cytotoxic T cells

Front 3

what does IL-4 do?

Back 3

stimulates maturation of B cells into plasma cells

Front 4

which cells contain MHC I?

Back 4

all nucleated cells

Front 5

which cells does the MHC I bind to?

Back 5

cytotoxic T cells ( CD8)

Front 6

which cells contain MHC II?

Back 6

antigen presenting cells, such as B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells

Front 7

which cells does MHC II bind to?

Back 7

helper T cells ( CD4)

Front 8

which cells are targeted by natural killer cells?

Back 8

Cells that lack self MHC

Front 9

what is HLA – DR?

Back 9

HLA – DR is a type of MHC 2. It is therefore only found on antigen presenting cells (macrophages, the sales, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) and present antigens to helper T cells (CD4)

Front 10

what are HLA-A / HLA-B / HLA-C?

Back 10

They are types of MHC 1and therefore present antigens from inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

Front 11

what are opsonins?

Back 11

opsonins are products that fix components and therefore activate the classic complement pathway

Front 12

which antibodies are opsonins?

Back 12

IgG and IgM

Front 13

which antibody crosses the placenta?

Back 13

IgG

Front 14

which antibody is the most abundant?

Back 14

IgG

Front 15

which region of antibodies recognize antigens?

Back 15

Variable region

Front 16

what is the biochemical structure of antibodies?

Back 16

Two heavy chains, two light chains, joined by a total of four disulfide bonds

Front 17

which cell receptor does the HIV required to enter a cell?

Back 17

CXCR 4

Front 18

what is the major source of histamine in the blood?

Back 18

Basophils

Front 19

what is the major source of histamine in tissues?

Back 19

Mast cells

Front 20

what are the lymphoid organs?

Back 20

lymphoid organs are involved in the formation and maturation of lymphocytes

Front 21

what are the two primary lymphoid organs?

Back 21

Bone marrow and thymus

Front 22

what are the two secondary lymphoid organs?

Back 22

spleen and lymph nodes

Front 23

which antibody mediates type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Back 23

IgE

Front 24

what is the series of events in type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Back 24

IgE binds to antigen, which is then recognized by eosinophils which IgE receptors. Eosinophils subsequently release major basic protein which causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin

Front 25

which antibodies mediate type II hypersensitivity reactions?

Back 25

IgG and IgM, reacting to cell bound antigens

Front 26

what is a type III hypersensitivity reaction due to?

Back 26

Immune complexes, such as SLE or rheumatoid arthritis

Front 27

what is a type for hypersensitivity due to?

Back 27

Previously sensitized T cells, which release cytokines causing reaction

Front 28

when is tetanus toxoid ever given?

Back 28

In any wounded in patients with less than three doses of toxoid, greater than five years since last booster, or status unknown

Front 29

when is tetanus immunoglobulin ever given?

Back 29

dirty wounds in patients not immunized, or status unknown