Absite Review Antibiotics

Front 1

which antibiotics inhibit the ribosome 30 S subunit?

Back 1

Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, linezolid

Front 2

which antibiotics inhibit the ribosome 50S subunit?

Back 2

macrolides, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol

Front 3

all ribosome inhibitors are bacteriostatic except for which to antibiotics?

Back 3

Aminoglycosides and linezolid are bactericidal

Front 4

what is the mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin?

Back 4

DNA gyrase blocker

Front 5

what is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

Back 5

Produces oxygen radicals the breakup DNA

Front 6

what is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

Back 6

Para amino benzoic acid PABA analog, therefore blocking purine synthesis

Front 7

what is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?

Back 7

DH FR blocker, thereby blocking THF synthesis and hence blocking purine synthesis

Front 8

what is the most common method of antibiotic resistance between bacteria?

Back 8

Transfer of plasmid

Front 9

what is the mechanism of penicillin resistance?

Back 9

Plasmid for beta-lactamase

Front 10

what is the mechanism of the MRSA/VRE resistance?

Back 10

Mutation in cell wall binding protein

Front 11

what is the mechanism of gentamicin resistance?

Back 11

Mutation leading to decreased active transport

Front 12

what added coverage due ampicillin/amoxicillin provide over penicillin?

Back 12

Enterococcus coverage

Front 13

what type of antibiotics antagonized the effects of beta-lactam's?

Back 13

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

Front 14

cefazolin needs to be given within how many hours of incision to be effective?

Back 14

Within two hours of incision

Front 15

why is cefazolin a good surgical prophylaxis antibiotic?

Back 15

good gram-positive and the long half-life

Front 16

which five antibiotics are effective against enterococcus?

Back 16

Ampicillin/amoxicillin, ticarcillin/piperacillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides, and linezolid

Front 17

which five antibiotics are effective against Pseudomonas?

Back 17

ticarcillin/piperacillin, third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems (meropenem/imipenem), and fluoroquinolones

Front 18

which three antibiotics are effective against anaerobes?

Back 18

Metronidazole, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol

Front 19

which antibiotics are associated with a positive Coomb's test?

Back 19

first generation cephalosporins

Front 20

which antibiotics are associated with cholestasis?

Back 20

Ceftriaxone and IV erythromycin

Front 21

which antibiotics lower the seizure threshold?

Back 21

Carbapenems (meropenem/imipenem)

Front 22

which antibiotics are associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?

Back 22

Aminoglycosides and vancomycin

Front 23

which antibiotic is associated with peripheral neuropathy?

Back 23

metronidazole

Front 24

which in about it is associated with teeth discoloration and children?

Back 24

tetracyclines

Front 25

which antibiotic is associated with pseudo-membrane coliti?

Back 25

Clindamycin

Front 26

which antibiotic associated with aplastic anemia?

Back 26

Chloramphenicol

Front 27

what is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?

Back 27

inhibits DNA polymerase

Front 28

which antiviral is used for CMV infections?

Back 28

ganciclovir

Front 29

which antiviral is associated with bone marrow suppression and CNS toxicity?

Back 29

Ganciclovir

Front 30

what is the mechanism of action of isoniazid?

Back 30

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

Front 31

which vitamin D is depleted as a result of isoniazid?

Back 31

vitamin B6

Front 32

what are the signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?

Back 32

neuropathies

Front 33

what is the mechanism of action of rifampin?

Back 33

inhibits RNA polymerase

Front 34

what is the mechanism of action of pyrazinamide?

Back 34

inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis

Front 35

what is the mechanism of action of ethambutol?

Back 35

Affects the mycobacterial cell wall

Front 36

which antituberculosis medication is associated with G.I. symptoms such as diarrhea and cramps?

Back 36

rifampin

Front 37

which antituberculosis medication is associated with retrobulbar neuritis?

Back 37

ethambutol

Front 38

what is the mechanism of action of amphotericin?

Back 38

Binds cell wall sterols, thereby affecting membrane permeability

Front 39

what is the mechanism of action of fluconazole?

Back 39

inhibits the enzyme 14 A demethylase, a fungal CYP 450 enzyme

Front 40

what is the antifungal of choice and suspected fungal sepsis?

Back 40

Amphotericin

Front 41

which antifungal is associated with nephrotoxicity, fever, hypokalemia, hypotension, and anemia?

Back 41

Amphotericin