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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSM-5 |
-diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders -favors the therapeutic approach -enables talk to other clinicians b/c you are on the same page using the same diagnostic criteria (allows communication) |
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How is mood different from affect? |
mood: more pervasive, emotional state affect: window to mood, facial expression |
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What is orientation? |
Orientation to time, place, self, and situation |
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How are delusions different from hallucinations? |
delusions: an unfounded irrational belief (misinterpretation of perceptions/experiences) hallucinations: hearing or seeing something that's not there, assuming one is not under the effects of some substance |
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executive functioning |
higher level functioning being able to make decisions/normal day to day living |
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abstract reasoning |
the ability to interpret things metaphorically, to look at symbols/designs and discern patterns |
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What does an experimental study consist of? |
a manipulated variable, a dependent variable, at least one control group, and random assignment |
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epidemiology |
the study of the distribution of disorders in a population |
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double blind procedure |
the psychiatrist and the patient are not told whether the patient receives active medication or a placebo (reduces bias) |
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placebo effect |
physical or psychological improvement that is due to a patient's expectations of help rather than to any active ingredient in a treatment |
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prevalence |
the proportion of people with the disorder either currently or in their lifetime |
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incidence |
the proportion of people who develop new cases of the disorder in some period (usually in a year) |
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schizoid |
detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression |
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schizotypal |
lack of capacity for close relationships, cognitive distortions, and eccentric |
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antisocial |
disregard for rights of others |
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borderline |
unstable interpersonal relationships, unstable self-image |
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histrionic |
excessively emotionally attention seeking behavior |
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narcissistic |
need for admiration, lack of empathy |
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avoidant |
a person socially inhibited, hypersensitive to negative evaluation |
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dependent |
excessive need to be taken care of, fears of separation |
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obsessive compulsive |
preoccupied with order |
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psychoneuroimmunology |
mind, body, medicine |
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comorbidity |
the existence of one or more diagnoses |
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differential diagnosis |
distinguishing of a disease from others presenting with similar signs and symptoms |
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trial |
judge, jury, prosecutor, and the role of the defense authority |
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certificate of need (CON) |
-commitment paper of 72 hours when the person is a threat to themselves or others -the person may be suicidal or homicidal |
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Cluster A personality disorders are known as what kind of disorders? |
odd-eccentric |
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Cluster B personality disorders are known as what kind of disorders? |
dramatic eratic |
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Cluster C personality disorders are known as what kind of disorders? |
ancient/fearful |
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Which disorders make up the Cluster A category? |
-paranoid personality disorder -schizoid personality disorder -schizotypal disorder |
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Which disorders make up the Cluster B category? |
-antisocial personality disorder -borderline personality disorder -histyanic -narcissistic personality disorder |
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Which disorders make up the Cluster C category? |
-avoidant personality disorder -dependent personality disorder -obsessive compulsive personality disorder |
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What is the most important aspect of psychotherapy? |
therapeutic alliance: relationship between the psychologist and the patient |
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neuroscience paradigm |
-psychological disorders are linked to processes in the brain -refers to a psychiatrist for medication |
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dyathesis-stress paradigm |
-dyathesis: focuses on the interaction between a predisposition toward a disease and environmental or life disturbances -stress: an unpleasant environmental stimulus that in combination with the diathesis, triggers psychopathology -links genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors |
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Benzo's and SSRI's |
anti-anxiety medications |
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SSRI's |
-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors -antidepressant drug and anti-obsessional drugs -used for depression, anxiety, and OCD |
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examples of SSRI's |
ZOLOFT, LEXAPRO, PROZAC |
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what is diagnostically the most common disorder? |
anxiety |
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What is the problem with working with schizophrenics? |
they tend to lack insight into their disorder --> something may not be related to them, but they interpret it as being related to them |
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characteristics of individuals with dementia |
word finding difficulty misplacing things forgetful they may wander |
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distinguishing criteria for BPAD 1 |
presence of one manic attack |
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distinguishing criteria for BPAD 2 |
must have an episode of major depressive disorder |
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Persistent Depressive Disorder |
chronically depressed more than half of the time for at least 2 years |
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in older adults we look at major depression and causal factors what does this include? |
medical conditions covers the most ground, social isolation may be an issue |
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an episodic disorder |
major depressive disorder |
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cyclothymic disorder |
-chronic mood disorder -symptoms must be present for at least 2 years among adults |
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dependent vs. independent variable |
dependent variable: the variable that is expected to change (depends on other factors) independent variable: the variable that is expected to have an effect on the dependent variable (stands alone) |
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reliability vs. validity |
reliability: if the test produces the same observation each time it is applied (consistency) validity: the extent to which undiscovered features are found among patients with the same diagnosis (accuracy) |
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what is a phobia? |
an anxiety disorder in which there is intense fear and avoidance of specific objects simple phobia: fear of snakes --> specific fear agoraphobia: fears situations in which it would be embarrasing/difficult to escape |
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3 medications used in dementia and alzheimer's that slow down memory loss |
benzo's, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, donepezil, rivastigmine, (exelon and aricpet) |
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basic symptoms of autism spectrum disorder |
-not approaching others -nonverbal behaviors (avoiding eye contact, facial expression, body language) -repetitive speech |
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why is it difficult for therapists to deal with borderline patients? |
these people are overly sensitive and unpredictable |
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symptomology of personality disorders |
-pervasive and enduring -impacts interpersonal functioning and impulse control -leads to impairment in social/occupational functioning -starts manifesting at ages 16-18 -1/10 people have a personality disorder -more common in ppl who have depressive/anxiety disorders |
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Borderline personality disorder symptoms: |
-impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentially self-damaging -recurrent suicidal behavior -emotional stability -inappropriate, intense anger |
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Why is it hard to treat patients with borderline personality disorder? |
-the nature of this psychological disorder affects the patient's interpersonal skills, which is the basis of therapeutic treatment -intense mood swings and anger control |
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competency |
concept of judging whether a defendants mental state at the time of the trial will enable the defendant to assist in his or her own defense |
